Kimmerosaurus

Kimmerosaurus ("lizard from Kimmeridge") is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the family Cryptoclididae.[1] Kimmerosaurus is most closely related to Tatenectes.

Kimmerosaurus
Temporal range: Late Jurassic, 157.3–145.5 Ma
Restoration
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
†Plesiosauria
Suborder:
†Plesiosauroidea
Family:
†Cryptoclididae
Genus:
†Kimmerosaurus

Brown, 1981
Binomial name
†Kimmerosaurus langhami
Brown, 1981

Description

As Kimmerosaurus is known from only a skull (and a few cervical vertebrae), much of the plesiosaur's description comes from its teeth,[2] which are recurved and buccolingually compressed (compressed cheek-side to tongue-side). The premaxilla has only eight teeth, while there are thirty-six teeth on each ramus.[3] The parietals of Kimmerosaurus do not form a sagittal crest.[3] The overall skull of Kimmerosaurus is similar to Cryptoclidus but much more broad.

Discovery
Cliffs of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, which formed during the Jurassic period, are where the first Kimmerosaurus fossils were found.

There are very few fossil remains of Kimmerosaurus known. In fact, nothing has been found to show what Kimmerosaurus may have looked like below the neck, although the atlas and the axis are similar to those of the plesiosaur Colymbosaurus. It is this lack of any post-cranial fossils, and the bone similarities that has led to the belief that Kimmerosaurus fossils could be the missing head of Colymbosaurus, a similar plesiosaur with no known skull fossils.[2]

The first part of the genus name of Kimmerosaurus comes from the location of the first Kimmerosaurus fossils, Kimmeridge Clay deposits of Dorset, England (these deposits are also the root word for the Kimmeridgian stage of the Jurassic period). The second part comes from the Greek word σαυρος (sauros), "lizard".[2]

Palaeoecology

Kimmerosaurus fossils are found in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation near the town of Kimmeridge, in Dorset, England. This animal may have ranged through much of what is now the Jurassic Coast, a world heritage site in the southern United Kingdom.

See also

References
  1. Ketchum, H. F.; Benson, R. B. J. (2010). "Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses". Biological Reviews. 85: 361–392. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00107.x. PMID 20002391.
  2. "Plesiosaur.com entry on Kimmerosaurus". Archived from the original on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
  3. Brown, David S.; 1981b; The English Upper Jurassic Plesiosauroidea (Reptilia) and a review of the phylogeny and classification of the Plesiosauria; Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology; 35(4) pp.253-347
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