Kashin (town)

Kashin (Russian: Ка́шин) is a town and the administrative center of Kashinsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located around a rural agricultural area on the Kashinka River (Volga's tributary). Population: 16,171 (2010 Census);[3] 17,299 (2002 Census);[10] 21,186 (1989 Census);[11] 18,000 (1970).

For other uses, see Kashin.
Kashin

Кашин
Town[1]
View of Kashin
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Kashin
Kashin
Location of Kashin
Kashin
Kashin (Tver Oblast)
Coordinates: 57°21′N 37°37′E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectTver Oblast[1]
Administrative districtKashinsky District[2]
Urban settlementKashin[2]
First mentioned1238
Elevation
125 m (410 ft)
Population
 • Total16,171
 • Estimate 
(2018)[4]
14,287 (−11.7%)
 • Capital ofKashinsky District[5], Kashin Urban Settlement[2]
 • Municipal districtKashinsky Municipal District[6]
 • Urban settlementKashin Urban Settlement[6]
 • Capital ofKashinsky Municipal District[7], Kashin Urban Settlement[6]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK [8])
Postal code(s)[9]
171640–171642, 171645, 171649
OKTMO ID28624101001

History

Kashin was first mentioned in a chronicle under the year of 1238, when it was sacked during the Mongol invasion. It was given by Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich as an appanage to his son Vasily, who founded a short-lived dynasty of local princes. Mikhail Yaroslavich's wife Anna took the veil in Kashin's nunnery, died there on October 2, 1368, and was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1650 as a holy patroness of all women who suffer the loss of relatives. Her relics are preserved in the Ascension Cathedral of Kashin.

In 1382, Kashin was annexed by Principality of Tver. From 1399 to 1426, it was held by a second dynasty of Kashin princes, who claimed their seniority in the House of Tver. In 1452, Kashin withstood a siege by Dmitry Shemyaka. It finally passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1486 with the rest of the Principality of Tver.

Kashin in 1894

In 1708, the town became a part of Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as St. Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to Moscow Governorate. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and Kashinsky Uyezd with the seat in Kashin was established. In 1796, Tver Viceroyalty was transformed into Tver Governorate. On October 3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Kimrsky Uyezds.[12] On July 12, 1929, Kashinsky District, with the administrative center in the Kashin, was established within Bezhetsk Okrug of Moscow Oblast.[12] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[13] On January 29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established and Kashin was transferred to it.[12] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[14]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kashin serves as the administrative center of Kashinsky District.[5] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kashinsky District as Kashin Urban Settlement.[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kashinsky Municipal District.[6]

Climate

The mean temperature in Kashin is −11 °C (12 °F) in January and +18 °C (64 °F) in July.

Economy

The town is an important part of the oblast's economy. It is home to Veresk, one of the largest alcoholic drink producing companies in the region. Another major business is the mineral water company ERA, which produces the Kashinskaya brand of mineral water. There are also an electric equipment company, a wool factory, and a milk and meat-processing company.

Several times a week, a market is organized in the main square of the town where residents can sell various items. Also, fruit and vegetables from nearby rural farms are sold.

Transportation

Buses provide public transportation within the town and commute to nearby destinations. Also, a train passes through Kashin twice a day. The morning train travels from Sonkovo to Savyolovo, while the afternoon train travels in the opposite direction. Several times a week, a train from St. Petersburg stops in Kashin.

Architecture

There are several architectural monuments in Kashin, including monasteries, churches, and cathedrals. The most ancient of these, a wooden chapel from 1646, was burned to the ground in 1998.

The town contains thirty-six cultural heritage monuments of federal significance, including the ensemble of the Presentation Monastery and a number of churches built in the 18th and the 19th centuries.[15]

The Resurrection Cathedral in Kashin

Culture

The Museum of Local Lore is located in Kashin.[16] Also, in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa, situated 30 kilometers (19 mi) from Kashin, the house of Mikhail Kalinin, a Soviet statesman, is located.[17]

Recreation

There is a resort area near Kashin where many oblast residents spend their vacation near the Kashinka River. Kashin itself is known as a balneological resort. On holidays and special dates, the town hosts large festivals which involve dancing, food, and various performances.

References

Notes
  1. Law #34-ZO
  2. Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #28-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Kashinsky Municipal District, lists the town of Kashin as a part and the administrative center of Kashin Urban Settlement of that district.
  3. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  5. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 224», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 224, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  6. Law #28-ZO
  7. Law #4-ZO
  8. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  9. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  10. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  11. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  12. Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  13. Snytko et al., p. 87
  14. Decree of July 17, 1990
  15. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
  16. Кашинский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  17. Мемориальный дом-музей М.И. Калинина (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

Sources
  • Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №28-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Кашинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №19-ЗО от 13 апреля 2009 г. «О внесении изменений в Приложение №1 к Закону Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Кашинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #28-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kashinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #19-ZO of April 13, 2009 On Amending Appendix 1 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kashinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
  • Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник. [Administrative-Territorial Division of Novgorod Governorate and Oblast in 1727–1995. A Reference.] (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  • Президиум Верховного Совета РСФСР. Указ от 17 июля 1990 г. «О переименовании Калининской области в Тверскую область». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. Decree of July 17, 1990 On Changing the Name of Kalinin Oblast to Tver Oblast. ).

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