Kalyazinsky District

Kalyazinsky District (Russian: Каля́зинский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[5] district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Uglichsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the northeast, Pereslavsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the southeast, Sergiyevo-Posadsky District of Moscow Oblast in the south, Taldomsky District, also of Moscow Oblast, in the southwest, Kimrsky District in the west, and with Kashinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,671 square kilometers (645 sq mi).[2] Its administrative center is the town of Kalyazin.[1] Population: 21,688 (2010 Census);[3] 24,460 (2002 Census);[8] 27,341 (1989 Census).[9] The population of Kalyazin accounts for 63.9% of the district's total population.[3]

Kalyazinsky District Калязинский район
District
Village in Kalyazinsky District
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Kalyazinsky District in Tver Oblast
Coordinates: 57°14′N 37°51′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Tver Oblast[1]
Established	12 July 1929
Administrative center	Kalyazin[1]
Area [2]
• Total	1,671 km^2 (645 sq mi)
Population  (2010 Census)[3]
• Total	21,688
• Estimate  (2018)[4]	20,026 (−7.7%)
• Density	13/km^2 (34/sq mi)
• Urban	63.9%
• Rural	36.1%
Administrative structure
• Administrative divisions	1 Urban settlements, 4 Rural settlements
• Inhabited localities	1 Cities/towns, 330 Rural localities
Municipal structure
• Municipally incorporated as	Kalyazinsky Municipal District[5]
• Municipal divisions[6]	1 Urban settlements, 4 Rural settlements
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [7])
OKTMO ID	28622000
Website	http://калязин1775.рф/

Geography

The island in the Uglich Reservoir where the Makaryev Monastery was previously located.

The Volga River (built as the Uglich Reservoir) makes the western border of the district, and the whole area of Kalyazinsky District is flat and belongs to the drainage basins of the right tributaries of the Volga. The central and the southern parts of the district belong to the basin of the Nerl River, whereas the rivers in the northern part mainly drain into the Zhabnya River. The town of Kalyazin is located at the mouth of the Zhabnya.

History

In 1134, Yuri Dolgorukiy, the Prince of Moscow, founded the fortress of Ksnyatin in the mouth of the Nerl. In the end of the 12th century, the village of Nikola-na-Zhabne was founded at the mouth of the Zhabnya, where Kalyazin is currently located. In the 15th century, the Makaryev Monastery (later the Trinity Kalyazin Monastery) was founded on the left bank of the Volga across Kalyazin.[10] By the time, Kalyazin belonged to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the beginning of the 17th century, during the Time of Troubles, Kalyazin was twice plundered by Polish-Lithuanian troops.[11]

In the 18th century, the area was included into Moscow Governorate. In 1775, Kalyazin was granted town rights, and Kalyazinsky Uyezd was established. It was a part of newly established Tver Viceroyalty. In 1796, the Viceroyalty was abolished and transformed into Tver Governorate. Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished, but in 1803, it was re-established.[12] On May 30, 1922 Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Kashinsky Uyezd. On October 3, 1927 Kashinsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Kimrsky Uyezds.[13]

On 12 August 1929, Tver Governorate was abolished, and the area was transferred to Moscow Oblast.[13] Uyezds were abolished as well, and Kalyazinsky District, with the administrative center in Kalyazin, was established within Kimry Okrug of Moscow Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Kalyazinsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. On February 13, 1963, during the abortive Khrushchyov administrative reform, Kalyazinsky District was merged into Kimrsky District, but on March  4, 1964 it was re-established.[13] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

In the 1930s, during the construction of the Uglich Reservoir, the historic part of Kalyazin, including the Makaryev Monastery, was submerged under water.

On July 12, 1929 Nerlsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Nerl was created as well. It was a part of Kimry Okrug of Moscow Oblast. On July 1, 1936 it was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. On July 4, 1956 the district was abolished and merged into Kalyazinsky District.[13]

Economy

Industry

Two factories in Kalyazin one producing oil extraction equipment and another one manufacturing some parts of MiG airplanes, are responsible for 42% of the total industrial production of the district. Chemical, food, leather, and textile industry are present as well.[14]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specializations of the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, as well as flax growing. As of 2014, there were 25 large- and mid-size farms in the district.[15]

Transportation

Kalyazin railway station

The railway connecting Moscow via Kimry with Uglich crosses the district from west to east and runs through Kalyazin. There is infrequent passenger traffic.

Kalyazin is connected by roads with Sergiyev Posad, Uglich, and Tver and Kimry via Kashin. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic originating from Kalyazin.

The Volga is navigable, however, there is no passenger navigation.

Culture and recreation

The Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos in the selo of Gora Pnevits.

The district contains twenty-eight cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (sixteen of them located in Kalyazin) and additionally forty-two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (twenty-two of them in Kalyazin). The district landmark is the Kalyazin Bell Tower, submerged by the Uglich Reservoir and located only partially above the water level. Other federal monuments include the ensemble of administrative buildings and living houses in the center of Kalyazin, the Ascencion and the Epiphany Churches in Kalyazin, the Epiphany Church in the village of Semendyayevo, and the estates of Kalabriyevo and Rylovo, as well as an archeological site.[16]

The Kalyazin District Museum is located in Kalyazin.[17]

References

Notes

1. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 222», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 222, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
2. О районе Check |url= value (help) (in Russian). Администрация Калязинского района. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
3. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
4. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
5. Law #4-ZO
6. Law #27-ZO
7. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
8. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
9. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
10. История Check |url= value (help) (in Russian). Kalyazinsky District Administration. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
11. Паспорт района (in Russian). Kalyazinsky District administration. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
12. Российская империя: административно-территориальное деление (1708–1917): Тверская губерния (in Russian). Russian National Library. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
13. "Archived copy" Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
14. Промышленность (in Russian). Administration of Kalyazinsky District. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
15. Аграрный сектор (in Russian). Administration of Kalyazinsky District. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
16. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
17. Калязинский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved June 10, 2014.

Sources

• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №27-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №60-ЗО от 13 июля 2009 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #27-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #60-ZO of July 13, 2009 On Amending the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).