Jamaica station

Jamaica station is a major hub station of the Long Island Rail Road and is located in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. With weekday ridership exceeding 200,000 passengers,[3] it is the largest transit hub on Long Island, the fourth-busiest rail station in North America, and the second-busiest station that exclusively serves commuter traffic. It is the third-busiest rail hub in the New York area, behind Penn Station and Grand Central Terminal. Over 1,000 trains pass through each day, the fourth-most in the New York area behind Penn Station, Grand Central Terminal and Secaucus Junction.

For the historical Royal Navy station, see Jamaica Station (Royal Navy). For the Mexico City Metro station, see Jamaica metro station.
Jamaica
Track 3, Platform B at Jamaica station, looking west.
Location93-02 Sutphin Boulevard
Jamaica, Queens, New York
Coordinates40°41′59″N 73°48′28″W
Line(s)Main Line
Atlantic Branch
Montauk Branch
Platforms6 island platforms (cross-platform interchange)
Tracks10
ConnectionsNew York City Subway: ​​​ (at Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport
New York City Bus: Q20A, Q20B, Q24, Q30, Q31, Q43, Q44 SBS, Q54, Q56
MTA Bus: Q6, Q8, Q9, Q25, Q34, Q40, Q41, Q60, Q65
Nassau Inter-County Express: n4
AirTrain JFK: Jamaica Station Route
Construction
ParkingYes
Disabled accessYes
Other information
Fare zone3
History
Opened1836
Rebuilt1912–1913, 2001–2006
Electrified750 V (DC) third rail
Passengers
2017over 200,000 on weekdays[1]
Rank2 of 125 [2]
Services
Preceding station LIRR Following station
Kew Gardens
towards Penn Station
 City Terminal Zone through to branches
Hunterspoint Avenue
limited service
towards Long Island City
East New York
towards Atlantic Terminal
through to City Terminal Zone Hempstead Branch Hollis
towards Hempstead
Port Jefferson Branch New Hyde Park
towards Huntington or Port Jefferson
Oyster Bay Branch Mineola
towards Oyster Bay
Ronkonkoma Branch Mineola
towards Greenport via Ronkonkoma
Montauk Branch Babylon
towards Patchogue, Speonk or Montauk
West Hempstead Branch
weekdays
 St. Albans
towards West Hempstead
Babylon Branch St. Albans
towards Wantagh or Babylon
Long Beach Branch Valley Stream
towards Long Beach
Long Beach Branch
weekends
 Locust Manor
towards Long Beach
Far Rockaway Branch Locust Manor
towards Far Rockaway
Far Rockaway Branch
weekends
 Valley Stream
towards Far Rockaway
East New York
towards Atlantic Terminal
 City Terminal Zone
shuttle
 Terminus
through to City Terminal Zone Belmont Park Branch
special event service
 Belmont Park
Terminus
Former services
Preceding station Long Island
Rail Road		 Following station
Dunton
toward Long Island City or Penn Station
 Main Line Union Hall Street
toward Greenport
Dunton
toward Long Island City
 Montauk Division Union Hall Street
toward Montauk
Dunton
toward Flatbush Avenue
 Atlantic Division Cedar Manor
toward Valley Stream

The Jamaica station is located on an embankment above street level and contains six platforms and ten tracks for LIRR trains. A concourse above the LIRR platforms connects to a station on the AirTrain JFK elevated people mover to John F. Kennedy International Airport, which contains two tracks and one platform. There are also connections to the Archer Avenue lines of the New York City Subway at a separate station directly below. The area just outside is served by several local bus routes, and others terminate within a few blocks of the station.

All LIRR services except the Port Washington Branch pass through Jamaica station. The Main Line westwards leads to Long Island City station in Queens and Penn Station in Manhattan via Woodside, while the Atlantic Branch diverges along Atlantic Avenue to Atlantic Terminal in Brooklyn. Prior to December 2012, the Montauk Branch served one daily trip to Long Island City station via Richmond Hill, Queens. East of Jamaica, these three lines diverge, with some branch services using the Main Line, some using the Atlantic Branch, and some using the Montauk Branch. Because of its central location on all services (except the Port Washington Branch), it is common for commuters to "change at Jamaica", or switch trains to reach their final destination. After the opening of East Side Access in 2023, the southernmost platform at Jamaica will be used primarily by shuttle trains to and from Atlantic Terminal, while through services will continue to Long Island City, Penn Station and Grand Central Terminal.

History

Precedent stations

The present Jamaica station was designed by Kenneth M. Murchison[4] and built between 1912 and 1913 as a replacement for two former stations in Jamaica. The first was the LIRR's original Jamaica Station ("Old Jamaica"), built c. 1836 as the terminus of the LIRR. It was remodeled in 1869 and again in 1872, only to be completely rebuilt between 1882–83 adjacent to and in use concurrently with the original depot. Covered platforms were later installed.

A map of the station in 1891

The other station known as Jamaica–Beaver Street was built by the South Side Railroad of Long Island on the Atlantic Branch. It opened on October 28, 1867. It was razed in 1871 and replaced on Christmas Day of the same year. When the LIRR acquired the SSRRLI in 1867, the depot was moved to the south side of Beaver Street crossing on a stub track. Low platforms for this station stop were located on the north side of Beaver Street crossing.[5] Timetables of the period show station stop as "Jamaica" for Atlantic Branch trains bound for Locust Avenue, Springfield, and Valley Stream, as "Old Southern Road" station. From 1908–1913, the station stop was listed as "Jamaica (Beaver Street)."

New stations

Both stations were discontinued as station stops. "Old Jamaica" station at what is now 153rd Street (0.4 mile east of the present station) was razed in 1912 with the grade elimination project, the "Jamaica Improvements"; Jamaica–Beaver Street station was razed with the grade elimination in 1913. The 1912–13 "Jamaica Improvement" was the final step in consolidating the branch lines of the LIRR. To the west of the station, Jay Interlocking was built, and to the east, Hall Interlocking was constructed. These interlockings allowed any line to reach any other line, allowing easy transfer between lines at Jamaica station, which is the hallmark of current day LIRR service. No trace of the Jamaica–Beaver Street station exists today.

When the new Jamaica station opened, residents of Jamaica were dissatisfied with its location; downtown Jamaica was centered around Union Hall Street, 0.6 miles (0.97 km) east of the new station at Sutphin Boulevard and Archer Avenue. The LIRR thus decided to add a new Union Hall Street station in 1913. The Union Hall Street station closed on May 20, 1977.[6]

After the merging of Beaver Street station with the new Jamaica Station, the LIRR built a replacement along the Atlantic/Far Rockaway Branch southeast of the former SSRRLI depot. It was named "South Street station" and was located on what is today South Road between 157th and 159th Streets. Originally the site of the "SJ Tower," which was used to keep trolleys and trains from colliding with one another until the grade crossing was eliminated in 1913, it was built on November 15, 1917. Due to the close proximity to Jamaica Station, the New York Public Service Commission granted them permission to close the station on March 28, 1922. It was finally closed in June of that year.[7]

This station received a $209 million renovation that was expected to be completed in 1994. The project added elevators, new staircases, overhauled platforms, new tracks, a second pedestrian overpass, and a second pedestrian bridge to be located at the eastern end of the station, connecting all the platforms. A lower-level concourse was added to provide additional route for riders. Two connections were added to the new Archer Avenue Line.[8]

2001–2006 expansion
The new steel glass canopy

In 2006, the MTA completed a $387 million renovation project, begun in 2001 and carried out in conjunction with the construction of AirTrain JFK's terminal (the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey contributed $100 million toward the project).[9]

The project had two goals: Passenger-oriented renovations included new platforms and pedestrian bridge, a central elevator bank linking the LIRR to the street and to the Sutphin Blvd subway station, a new mezzanine connecting to AirTrain and a new steel and glass canopy over the elevated tracks.[10] The focal point of the project was the Jamaica Control Center, built by Tishman Construction Corporation and Bechtel. The JCC houses the LIRR offices, railroad control center and MTA Police.[11] Overall, the renovations enlarged the station and have made it more modern and efficient, providing easier access to all eight LIRR tracks. The entire station complex, including AirTrain and the subway, is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). The project was named "2006 Project of the Year" by the Long Island branch of the American Society of Civil Engineers.[12]

2015–2019 capacity improvements
Platform F construction in August 2019

As part of a series of LIRR readiness projects in preparation for the East Side Access extension to Grand Central Terminal, the MTA is redoing track layouts at Jamaica station to straighten train paths and installing high-speed switches. As part of the project, additional ladder tracks will be created, the E Yard track will be extended over 150th Street, the East Layup Track will be converted to be a through route. In addition, most Brooklyn service will be converted into a shuttle service. This shuttle will operate between Atlantic Terminal in Brooklyn and Jamaica via the Atlantic Branch. A new Platform F and dedicated tracks will be constructed south of the existing LIRR platforms at Jamaica station to serve the shuttles; passengers traveling between Brooklyn and Long Island will be required to make a walking transfer between this new platform and the existing platforms.[13]

This reconfiguration will allow for increased service between Brooklyn and Jamaica and between Jamaica and Manhattan and reduce switching maneuvers, while raising average train speeds around Jamaica station from 15 to 30 miles per hour (24 to 48 km/h).[14] Service frequency will increase for trains on the Atlantic Branch–trains will run every 7.5 minutes during rush hours and every 15 minutes during off-peak hours.[15] It will allow for a 40% increase in peak-hour service between Jamaica and Manhattan.[16] However, the project has been criticized because it would eliminate most direct service from Long Island to Brooklyn, thereby increasing commute time between the two destinations.[14]

Completion of Phase I, which includes the new platform, for was originally projected for January 2018.[16] The completion date was later pushed back to July 2019,[17] but as of March 2019, is planned to be finished in 2021 at a cost of $380 million.[14] The platform itself was to be completed at the end of 2019, while the track and surrounding infrastructure would be completed in late 2020, and track interlockings would be completed by late 2021.[18]:37 The platform ultimately opened in February 2020 after several delays.[19] Additional improvements, to cost over $1 billion, may be constructed starting as early as 2022;[14] designs for these improvements started in June 2017 and are scheduled to be completed in 2021.[18]:41

Station layout
Layup tracks north of Jamaica station

Jamaica is the Long Island Rail Road's hub station. There are six high-level island platforms. Five of them, Platforms A–E, serve tracks 1–8 and are each 1,000 feet (300 m) long, fitting almost 12 cars. Trains on tracks 2 and 7 utilize a Spanish solution boarding layout, as these trains can be entered from platforms on either side, allowing passengers to quickly transfer between three trains at once. During the morning rush westbound trains from three different lines bound for three different terminals are scheduled to arrive at Jamaica simultaneously on tracks 1, 2, and 3. Passengers can cross to the train for their destination by passing through the train on track 2 (or by the stairs). In the evening the process is reversed: trains from three New York terminals destined for three branches arrive on tracks 6, 7, and 8 and allow commuters to cross to the desired outbound train. The middle tracks – 4 and 5 – share a platform which is used during rush hours to allow passengers to transfer to their destination train on the other side of the platform.

The sixth platform, Platform F, serves tracks 11–12 and is shorter than the other platforms. It is located to the south of platforms A–E and is used by Atlantic Terminal-bound trains. Tracks 9–10 are not adjacent to any platforms and can be used by non-revenue passenger trains or by freight trains.[19]

The main entrance to the station, where tickets may be purchased and where waiting areas are located, is a 100-year-old building that also serves as the offices and headquarters of the Long Island Rail Road Company.

AirTrain station
AirTrain JFK Jamaica platform

The AirTrain station, located in an enclosed glass structure to the south of the LIRR platforms, has 2 tracks and 1 island platform. It is accessed by escalator or elevator from street level as well as via an enclosed bridge connecting it to the LIRR station. Unlike the LIRR platforms, the AirTrain JFK platforms are entirely enclosed and feature platform screen doors, which help the station maintain a constant temperature and prevent passengers from falling onto the tracks. An array of sensors detect a train's position on the track, and only when it is properly aligned will the train's doors open. This enables the AirTrain to use automatic train operation without drivers.[20][21]

The platform measures approximately 240 feet (73 m).[20][21] The next stop to the south is Federal Circle. West of the station the track curves to the left and runs south, above the Van Wyck Expressway.[21] Since it is owned by the Port Authority, it uses a separate fare control from the LIRR. Passengers must pay their fare when either entering or leaving the station, as this station and Howard Beach are the only stations where fares are collected. MetroCard vending machines are located on both sides of fare control.[22][23]

Station layout
2F Track 1 ← Jamaica Station Train toward Terminal 8 (Federal Circle)
Island platform with PSDs, doors will open on the left, right
Track 2 ← Jamaica Station Train toward Terminal 8 (Federal Circle)
1F Lobby Fare control, connection to LIRR platforms
G Street level Exit/entrance

Bus and rail connections

Subway connections

New York City Subway:

Bus connections
Bus connections at Jamaica Station:
Route Western/southern terminal Eastern/northern terminal Via.
MTA Bus
Q6 North Cargo Road, John F. Kennedy International Airport 165th Street Bus Terminal Sutphin Boulevard
Q8 Gateway Center Mall, Spring Creek, Brooklyn 101st Avenue
Q9 South Ozone Park Sutphin Boulevard, Van Wyck Expressway, and Lincoln Street
Q25 Sutphin Boulevard/Archer Avenue College Point Kissena Boulevard, Parsons Boulevard
Q34 Whitestone Kissena Boulevard, Parsons Boulevard
Q40 South Jamaica Sutphin Boulevard/Hillside Avenue Sutphin Boulevard, Lakewood Avenue, and 142nd Street
Q41 Lindenwood 165th Street Bus Terminal 127th Street, Cross Bay Boulevard
Q60 Midtown Manhattan South Jamaica Queens Boulevard
Q65 Sutphin Boulevard/Archer Avenue College Point 164th Street, College Point Boulevard
NYCT Bus
Q20A Archer Avenue/Merrick Boulevard College Point Main Street, 20th Avenue
Q20B Main Street, 14th Avenue
Q24 East New York, Brooklyn Archer Avenue/168th Street Atlantic Avenue
Q30 Archer Avenue/146th Street Little Neck Utopia Parkway
Q31 Bayside
Q43 Floral Park Hillside Avenue
Q44 SBS Archer Avenue/Merrick Boulevard Bronx Zoo Main Street, Cross Bronx Expressway
Q54 Williamsburg, Brooklyn Jamaica Avenue/171st Street Metropolitan Avenue
Q56 East New York, Brooklyn Jamaica Avenue

See also

References
  1. "2017 RIDERSHIP BOOK" (PDF). Service Planning MTA Long Island Rail Road. 2018. p. 4. LIRR Weekday Peak/Off-Peak/Daily Customers 2008 - 2017 - East of Jamaica
  2. "2012-2014 LIRR Origin and Destination Report : Volume I: Travel Behavior Among All LIRR Passengers" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 23, 2016. PDF pp. 15, 199. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2020. Data collection took place after the pretest determinations, starting in September 2012 and concluding in May 2014. ... 2012-2014 LIRR O[rigin and ]D[estination] COUNTS: WEEKDAY East/West Total By Station in Numerical Order [includes Hillside Facility, Boland's Landing, Pinelawn, Mets-Willets Point, but excludes Belmont Park]
  3. "State-of-the-Art Computerized Centralized Signal and Switch Control System installed at busy Jamaica Station Complex". mta.info. MTA. November 7, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  4. Images of Rail: Jamaica Station, by David D. Morrison (Arcadia Publishing; 2011)
  5. "1874 view of Beaver Street (SSRLI station) from Beaver Street Overpass". TrainsAreFun.
  6. "Station Closing Not Sad Event" (May 21, 1977). May 21, 1977. p. 6. Retrieved April 25, 2015 – via ProQuest.
  7. "WESTBRIDGE". Arrt's Archives.
  8. Davila, Albert (July 18, 1988). "Face lift is the ticket". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 3, 2019 – via newspapers.com.
  9. Ain, Stewart (September 9, 2006). "Jamaica Station, $300 Million Later". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  10. "MTA Long Island Rail Road President James J. Dermody to Retire September 1st" (Press release). Long Island Rail Road. August 9, 2006. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
  11. "A Transportation Hub for the 21st Century". Buildings. September 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  12. "Project of the Year Award". ASCE Metropolitan Section. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  13. Kulick, Beth (2014). "Jamaica Interlocking Reconfiguration Operations Simulation" (PDF). apta.com. TranSystems Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  14. Castillo, Alfonso (March 25, 2019). "New amenities coming to Jamaica station, but it might be bad marriage for Brooklyn". Newsday. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  15. "$121 Million Initiative to Rebuild Hicksville Station Begins Construction; $64.9 Million Contract Award to Improve Jamaica Station". www.mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 21, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  16. "MTA Capital Program Oversight Meeting" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 28, 2013. p. 8. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  17. "MTA Capital Program Oversight Committee Meeting: Jamaica Capacity Improvements" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 2014. p. 52. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  18. "Capital Program Oversight Committee Meeting" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 20, 2019. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
  19. "Jamaica Platform F opens for passenger service". The LIRR Today. February 21, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
  20. "AirTrain JFK opens for service". Railway Gazette International. March 1, 2004. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  21. Berger, Raymond R. (December 2002). "A Tour of the JFK Airtrain". New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders Association. 45 (12): 4, 16. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  22. Berger, Raymond R.; Mercado, Raymond J. (January 2004). "JFK Airtrain Update – Revenue Passenger Service Begins". New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders Association. 47 (1): 17–18. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  23. "Cost and Tickets – AirTrain – Ground Transportation – John F. Kennedy International Airport – Port Authority of New York & New Jersey". panynj.org. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
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