Isaiah 45

Isaiah 45 is the forty-fifth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.

Isaiah 45
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
BookBook of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part5
CategoryLatter Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part23

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[1]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):

  • 1QIsaa: complete
  • 1QIsab: extant: verses 1‑13
  • 4QIsab (4Q56): extant: verses 20‑25
  • 4QIsac (4Q57): extant: verses 1‑4, 6‑13

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[2]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[3] Isaiah 45 is a part of the Consolations (Isaiah 40–66). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{P} 45:1-7 {P} 45:8 {S} 45:9 {S} 45:10 {S} 45:11-13 {S} 45:14-17 {P} 45:18-25 [46:1-2 {P}]

Verse 1
Thus saith the Lord to his anointed,
to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden,
to subdue nations before him;
and I will loose the loins of kings,
to open before him the two leaved gates;
and the gates shall not be shut;[4]

The name "Cyrus" is also mentioned in Isaiah 44:28. The Septuagint refers to Cyrus as "my anointed".[5]

Verse 13
I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the Lord of hosts. [6]
  • "Direct all his ways": or "make all his ways straight".[7]

Verse 14
Thus saith the Lord,
The labour of Egypt, and merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabeans, men of stature,
shall come over unto thee, and they shall be thine: they shall come after thee;
in chains they shall come over, and they shall fall down unto thee,
they shall make supplication unto thee, saying,
Surely God is in thee; and there is none else, there is no God.[8]

The Egyptian, Ethiopian and Sabaean peoples "are apparently represented here as already conquered by Cyrus". The text may be interpreted as foretelling "spontaneous homage rendered to Israel by distant nations of the earth", or in terms of a prospective conquest; for Skinner in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges "the whole scene strongly suggests a submission that has been preceded by humiliation and defeat. The meaning probably is that the treasures of the nations are made over to Israel by Cyrus".[9]

Verse 25
In the Lord shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory.[10]

See also

References
  1. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35-37.
  2. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73-74.
  3. As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
  4. Isaiah 45:1 KJV
  5. Brenton, Brenton's Septuagint Translation of Isaiah 45
  6. Isaiah 45:13 KJV
  7. Note [a] on Isaiah 45:13 in NKJV
  8. Isaiah 45:14 KJV
  9. Skinner, J., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Isaiah 45, accessed 16 August 2018
  10. Isaiah 45:25

Bibliography
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Jewish

Christian
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