Isaiah 13

Isaiah 13 is the thirteenth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is a part of the Book of the Prophets. In the New King James Version, the chapter is sub-titled "Proclamation Against Babylon".[1]

Isaiah 13
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
BookBook of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part5
CategoryLatter Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part23

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.

  • The American Old Testament scholar Brevard Childs links this chapter with the first part of chapter 14 as one section, composed of two units: 13:2-22 and 14:4b-21, "linked editorially by an initial superscription (13:1) and two redactional units 14:1-4a and 22-23.[2]

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[3]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):[4]

  • 1QIsaa: complete[5] (150-125BC)[6]
  • 1QIsab: extant: verses 2‑5, 7‑8, 16, 18‑19[5]
  • 4QIsaa (4Q55): extant: verses 4‑6[5]
  • 4QIsab (4Q56): extant: verses 3-18[5]
  • 4QIsal (4Q65): extant: verses 1‑4[5]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[7]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[8] Isaiah 13 is a part of the Prophecies about the Nations (Isaiah 13–23). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{S} 13:1-5 {S} 13:6-22 [14:1-2 {S}]

Verse 1
The burden against Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw.[9]

Verse 2
Lift up a banner on the high mountain (NKJV)[11]

The ASV refers to "the bare mountain", i.e. "i.e. one denuded of trees, so that the signal might be clearly distinguished".[12]

Verse 17
"Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them,
Who will not regard silver;
And as for gold, they will not delight in it." (NKJV) [13]

This verse makes clear that Babylon was to fall at the hand of the Medes, probably under the leadership of Cyrus the Great.[12] The Medes are specified by name as the instrument of God's wrath, pointing to a historical setting in the sixth century, but according to Childs, significantly "portrayed as a still future event, and ... not to be interpreted as a late postexilic retrojection of the events in 539" BC when Medes (and Persia) actually conquered Babylon.[14]

Verse 21
Desert animals will move into the ruined city (NLT) [15]

Owls, ostriches and goats are identified as examples.

See also

Notes and references
  1. Isaiah 13:1-22: NKJV
  2. Childs 2001, p. 117-123.
  3. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35-37.
  4. Ulrich 2010, p. 355-356.
  5. Walch, Stephen (13 January 2016). "Dead Sea Scrolls". The Way To Yahuweh.
  6. Jull, Timothy A. J.; Donahue, Douglas J.; Broshi, Magen; Tov, Emanuel (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 37 (1): 14. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  7. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73-74.
  8. As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
  9. Isaiah 13:1 NKJV
  10. Childs 2001, p. 113.
  11. Isaiah 13:2
  12. Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Isaiah 13, accessed 26 March 2018
  13. Isaiah 13:7
  14. Childs 2001, p. 125.
  15. Isaiah 13:21

Sources

Jewish

Christian
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