Interstate 77

Interstate 77 (I-77) is a north–south Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. It traverses diverse terrain, from the mountainous state of West Virginia to the rolling farmlands of North Carolina and Ohio. It largely supplants the old U.S. Route 21 between Cleveland, Ohio, and Columbia, South Carolina, as an important north–south corridor through the middle Appalachians. The southern terminus of Interstate 77 is in Columbia at the junction with Interstate 26. The northern terminus is in Cleveland at the junction with Interstate 90. Other major cities that I-77 connects to include Charlotte; Charleston, West Virginia and Akron, Ohio. The East River Mountain Tunnel, connecting Virginia and West Virginia, is one of only two instances in the United States where a mountain road tunnel crosses a state line. The other is the Cumberland Gap Tunnel, connecting Tennessee and Kentucky.[2] I-77 is a route to the southern United States for those traveling from the Great Lakes region.[3]

Interstate 77
I-77 highlighted in red
Route information
Length613.41 mi[1] (987.19 km)
Major junctions
South end I-26 in Cayce, SC
  I-20 in Columbia, SC
I-85 in Charlotte, NC
I-40 in Statesville, NC
I-74 near Mt. Airy, NC
I-81 between Fort Chiswell and Wytheville, VA
I-64 between Beckley and Charleston, WV
I-79 near Charleston, WV
I-70 in Cambridge, OH
I-76 in Akron, OH
I-80 / Ohio Turnpike in Richfield, OH
North end I-90 in Cleveland, OH
Location
StatesSouth Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio
Highway system

Route description
Lengths
 mikm
SC 91.20 146.77
NC 105.70 170.11
VA 66.27 106.65
WV 187.21 301.29
OH 163.03 262.37
Total 613.41 987.19

South Carolina
I-77 southbound ends at I‑26
Main article: Interstate 77 in South Carolina

I-77 begins as an eight-lane highway at I-26 in the far southeastern part of the Columbia metropolitan area. In the Columbia area, I-77 offers access to Fort Jackson before meeting I-20 in the northeastern part of the city. This segment of I-77, combined with I-20 and I-26, form a beltway around Columbia, though it is not officially designated as such.

After leaving the northern Columbia suburb of Blythewood, I-77 narrows to four lanes until it widens to eight lanes at Rock Hill from Exit 77 to the North Carolina state line at I-485.

The final section of the entire length of Interstate 77 was completed in Columbia in 1995.

North Carolina
Woodlawn Road & Billy Graham Parkway overhead sign in Charlotte
Main article: Interstate 77 in North Carolina

Interstate 77 through North Carolina begins at the South Carolina state line at Pineville. It narrows to 6 lanes on the NC side south of Charlotte and then widens to 8 and 10 lanes through downtown before entering the North Carolina Piedmont region. In Charlotte it intersects Interstate 85 as well as intersecting each of the loops of Interstate 485 and Interstate 277 (twice). North of Charlotte, it skirts Lake Norman where it narrows again to 4 lanes before passing through Huntersville, Cornelius, Davidson and Mooresville. Forty miles north of Interstate 85, at Statesville it intersects Interstate 40 and U.S. Highway 70. Next, it crosses over U.S. Route 421 in Yadkin County and continues on through Elkin. The final intersection in the state is with a discontinuous section of Interstate 74 near Mount Airy.

Interstate 77 in Charlotte, North Carolina, is also known as the "Bill Lee Freeway"; this designation stretches from Exit 6 (South Tryon Street/Woodlawn Road) in Charlotte to Exit 33 (US 21 North), near Mooresville. A 6-mile (9.6-km) portion south of the city is called the "General Younts Expressway". When I-77 crosses over I-85 (which runs in an east–west direction through the interchange), the northbound lanes are to the west of the southbound lanes.

North Carolina completed its section of Interstate 77 in 1975.

Virginia
I-77 entering North Carolina from Virginia
Main article: Interstate 77 in Virginia

Interstate 77 through Virginia passes through two tunnels, The Big Walker Mountain Tunnel and the East River Mountain Tunnel. For eight miles (13 km), Interstates 77 and 81 overlap near Wytheville. This is a wrong-way concurrency, where two roads run concurrent with each other but are designated in opposite directions.

On March 31, 2013, there was a nearly 100-car pileup on I-77 near Fancy Gap; as a result of that crash, electronic variable speed limit signs are now in place along that stretch of I-77. The speed limit can be adjusted according to driving conditions at a given time.

West Virginia
Northbound at East River Mountain Tunnel, at the border of Virginia and West Virginia
Main article: Interstate 77 in West Virginia

Interstate 77 enters West Virginia through the East River Mountain Tunnel. At milepost 9, Interstate 77 becomes co-signed with the West Virginia Turnpike for the next 88 miles (142 km), a toll road between Princeton and Charleston. It is concurrent with Interstate 64 to Charleston at Beckley. The speed limit is 70 mph (110 km/h) for most of the length, with a 60 mph (97 km/h) limit for the section between Marmet and the toll plaza near Pax.

It enters Charleston via the Yeager Bridge before splitting off at a four-level junction with Interstate 64. Two miles north of the city center, it junctions with Interstate 79 before proceeding northward towards Ripley and Parkersburg.

North of Charleston, Interstate 77 is known as the "Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway".

Ohio
I-90 near I-71 to I-77 interchange in Cleveland
Main article: Interstate 77 in Ohio

Entering from West Virginia at Marietta, Interstate 77 passes through rolling Appalachian terrain.

The interchange with I-70 at Cambridge is (or at least at one time was) thought to be the largest interchange in the world, covering over 300 acres (1.2 km2) of land.

Other major Interstate Highways I-77 connects with in Ohio are I-76, I-80 (Ohio Turnpike), and I-90. The interchange with the Ohio Turnpike was completed on December 3, 2001,[4][5] providing direct access; previously, traffic had to exit at Ohio State Route 21 to get to the Turnpike.

Interstate 77 is also known as the "Vietnam Veterans' of America Highway" in Ohio,[6] and the "Willow Freeway" in Greater Cleveland.[7]

History
Pilot Mountain in the distant haze, from I-77 near Fancy Gap, Virginia.

Officially designated to run from Port Huron, Michigan to Charlotte, I-77 appeared on the original Interstate system route numbering plan in 1957. The part of Interstate 94 from Detroit northeast to Port Huron, Michigan, was originally planned as I-77 in 1957; the current I-77 was I-79.[8] When the current Interstate 79 was added in Pennsylvania, the I-77 designation was moved to its current route, but the I-77 in Michigan also remained in the 1958 numbering plan.[9] It soon became part of I-94.

Originally, I-77 was to terminate at Interstate 85 in Charlotte. However, Congress, in its 1969 amendments to the Interstate Highway Act, added an extension of I-77 from I-85, through a rapidly growing corridor from downtown Charlotte (along an upgrading of US 21 already under construction in some places), into South Carolina near Rock Hill. The highway under this plan was to continue to Columbia, South Carolina, terminating at an interchange with Interstate 26. Collector / distributor ramps to both Alpine and Percival Roads were proposed later on to more efficiently route traffic to and from the Fort Jackson military reservation and the I-77 / I-20 corridors.

By the late 1970s, the southern terminus of I-77 near Columbia, South Carolina, was amended to a grade-separated interchange with SC 12 (Percival Road) with mile markers signed accordingly. This extension was completed in 1986. That same year, the first phase of an interstate spur (to be named Interstate 326) between SC 760 (Jackson Boulevard) and Interstate 26 was opened as far as Bluff Road (SC-48). 1989 saw a two-mile (3 km) extension to the east, adding interchanges at Shop Road (later SC-768) and Garner's Ferry Road / Sumter Highway (US 76/US 378).

The decision to extend I-77 from SC 12 and SC 760 (five miles between the two roads) was made before I-326 was opened, so the southern portion was never signed as such, instead re-designated by SC DOT as SC-478. The northern part of extension was completed as far as Forest Drive in early 1993, with the final 3 miles (4.8 km), including the SC-760 interchange, opened to traffic in 1995. The mile markers and exit numbers for Interstate 77 were adjusted accordingly as the extension was completed. As the Percival Road to I-26 section was under construction, southbound traffic on I-77 was detoured, by "Temporary I-77" signage, via I-20 and I-26 to bypass Columbia.

Junction list
South Carolina
US 21 / US 176 / US 321 in Cayce
I-26 in Cayce
US 76 / US 378 in Columbia
I-20 on the Woodfield–Dentsville CDP line
US 1 in Dentsville
US 21 south of Blythewood
US 21 on the Lesslie–Rock Hill line
US 21 in Rock Hill
US 21 north of Fort Mill. The highways travel concurrently to Charlotte, North Carolina.
North Carolina
I-485 in Charlotte
I-277 / US 74 in Charlotte
US 29 in Charlotte
I-277 in Charlotte
I-85 in Charlotte
I-485 in Huntersville
US 21 in Cornelius. The highways travel concurrently to Mooresville.
US 21 southeast of Troutman
US 70 in Statesville
I-40 in Statesville
US 21 north of Statesville
US 421 west-northwest of Hamptonville
US 21 south-southeast of Jonesville. The highways travel concurrently to Elkin.
I-74 west-southwest of Pine Ridge. The highways travel concurrently to the Virginia state line north-northwest of Pine Ridge.
Virginia
US 58 / US 221 in Woodlawn
I-81 / US 11 in Fort Chiswell. The highways travel concurrently to Wytheville.
US 52 in Fort Chiswell. The highways travel concurrently to Wytheville.
US 52 west of Bland
US 52 in Rocky Gap
US 52 north-northwest of Rocky Gap. The highways travel concurrently to Bluefield, West Virginia.
West Virginia
US 460 east-southeast of Princeton
US 19 south-southeast of Camp Creek
I-64 southeast of Crab Orchard. The highways travel concurrently to Charleston.
US 60 southeast of Snow Hill. The highways travel concurrently to Charleston.
I-79 northeast of Charleston
US 33 in Ripley. The highways travel concurrently to Silverton.
US 50 east of Parkersburg
Ohio
SR 7 in Marietta
I-70 south-southeast of Cambridge
US 40 east of Cambridge
US 22 northeast of Cambridge
US 36 in Newcomerstown
US 250 in New Philadelphia. The highways travel concurrently to south-southeast of Strasburg.
US 30 / US 62 in Canton. I-77/US 62 travels concurrently through Canton.
I-277 / US 224 south of Akron
I-76 / SR 8 in Akron. I-76 and I-77 travel concurrently through Akron.
SR 21 West of Akron
I-271 in Richfield
I-80 on the Richfield–Brecksville line
I-480 on the Independence–Brooklyn Heights line
I-490 in Cleveland
US 422 in Cleveland
I-90 in Cleveland

Auxiliary routes

References
  1. Federal Highway Administration (October 31, 2002). "FHWA Route Log and Finder List: Table 1". Retrieved March 28, 2007.
  2. AppalachianMagazine. "Virginia & West Virginia's Shared Tunnel | Appalachian Magazine". appalachianmagazine.com. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  3. Wighton, Doug. "Road trip: the alternate route to Florida". Toronto Star. Toronto Star. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  4. Exner, Rich (December 2, 2001). "Turnpike ramps to I-77 open tomorrow". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
  5. "Ohio Turnpike, I-77 Interchange Opens To Traffic". WEWS-TV. December 3, 2001. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
  6. Ohio Revised Code 5533.37
  7. "Willow Freeway" from Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
  8. Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, August 14, 1957
  9. Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, June 27, 1958

KML is from Wikidata
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.