HPGD

Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) (the HUGO-approved official symbol = HPGD; HGNC ID, HGNC:5154), also called 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD+], is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HPGD gene.[5][6]

HPGD
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2GDZ
Identifiers
Aliases	HPGD, 15-PGDH, PGDH, PGDH1, PHOAR1, SDR36C1, hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
External IDs	OMIM: 601688 MGI: 108085 HomoloGene: 68095 GeneCards: HPGD
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4q34.1 Start 174,490,175 bp[1] End 174,523,154 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8|8 B2 Start 56,294,585 bp[2] End 56,321,043 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • NAD binding • 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity • catalytic activity • prostaglandin E receptor activity • NAD+ binding • oxidoreductase activity • protein homodimerization activity Cellular component • nucleoplasm • basolateral plasma membrane • extracellular exosome • cytoplasm • cytosol • extracellular Biological process • prostaglandin metabolic process • thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway • lipid metabolism • negative regulation of cell cycle • fatty acid metabolic process • lipoxygenase pathway • birth • lipoxin metabolic process • oxidation-reduction process • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway • ovulation • ductus arteriosus closure • response to lipopolysaccharide • kidney development • female pregnancy • response to estradiol • positive regulation of apoptotic process • response to ethanol • positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation • long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process • lipoxin biosynthetic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3248	15446
Ensembl	ENSG00000164120	ENSMUSG00000031613
UniProt	P15428	Q8VCC1
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000860 NM_001145816 NM_001256301 NM_001256305 NM_001256306 NM_001256307 NM_001363574	NM_008278
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000851 NP_001139288 NP_001243230 NP_001243234 NP_001243235 NP_001243236 NP_001350503	NP_032304
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 174.49 – 174.52 Mb	Chr 8: 56.29 – 56.32 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

In melanocytic cells HPGD gene expression may be regulated by MITF.[7]

See also

• Primary hypertrophic osteoathropathy

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164120 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031613 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Persson B, Kallberg Y, Bray JE, Bruford E, Dellaporta SL, Favia AD, Duarte RG, Jornvall H, Kavanagh KL, Kedishvili N, Kisiela M, Maser E, Mindnich R, Orchard S, Penning TM, Thornton JM, Adamski J, Oppermann U (Feb 2009). "The SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and related enzymes) nomenclature initiative". Chem Biol Interact. 178 (1–3): 94–8. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.040. PMC 2896744. PMID 19027726.
6. "Entrez Gene: HPGD hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)".
7. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, et al. (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971. S2CID 24698373.

Further reading

• Erwich JJ, Keirse MJ (1992). "Placental localization of 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase in early and term human pregnancy". Placenta. 13 (3): 223–9. doi:10.1016/0143-4004(92)90037-T. PMID 1635910.
• Ensor CM, Yang JY, Okita RT, Tai HH (1990). "Cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for human placental NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (25): 14888–91. PMID 1697582.
• Ensor CM, Tai HH (1991). "Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved tyrosine 151 of human placental NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase yields a catalytically inactive enzyme". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176 (2): 840–5. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80262-1. PMID 2025296.
• Krook M, Marekov L, Jörnvall H (1990). "Purification and structural characterization of placental NAD(+)-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. The primary structure reveals the enzyme to belong to the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family". Biochemistry. 29 (3): 738–43. doi:10.1021/bi00455a021. PMID 2337593.
• Pichaud F, Frendo JL, Delage-Mourroux R, et al. (1995). "Sequence of a novel mRNA coding for a C-terminal-truncated form of human NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase". Gene. 162 (2): 319–22. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00319-2. PMID 7557451.
• Sangha RK, Walton JC, Ensor CM, et al. (1994). "Immunohistochemical localization, messenger ribonucleic acid abundance, and activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in placenta and fetal membranes during term and preterm labor". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78 (4): 982–9. doi:10.1210/jc.78.4.982. PMID 8157731.
• Krook M, Ghosh D, Duax W, Jörnvall H (1993). "Three-dimensional model of NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and relationships to the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme (carbonyl reductase)". FEBS Lett. 322 (2): 139–42. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81554-D. PMID 8482380. S2CID 21034160.
• Pichaud F, Delage-Mourroux R, Pidoux E, et al. (1997). "Chromosomal localization of the type-I 15-PGDH gene to 4q34-q35". Hum. Genet. 99 (2): 279–81. doi:10.1007/s004390050354. PMID 9048936. S2CID 6220018.
• Delage-Mourroux R, Pichaud F, Frendo JL, et al. (1997). "Cloning and sequencing of a new 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase related mRNA". Gene. 188 (1): 143–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00800-1. PMID 9099873.
• Patel FA, Clifton VL, Chwalisz K, Challis JR (1999). "Steroid regulation of prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity and expression in human term placenta and chorio-decidua in relation to labor". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (1): 291–9. doi:10.1210/jc.84.1.291. PMID 9920098.
• Zhou H, Tai HH (1999). "Threonine 188 is critical for interaction with NAD+ in human NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 257 (2): 414–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0356. PMID 10198228.
• Greenland KJ, Jantke I, Jenatschke S, et al. (2000). "The human NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene promoter is controlled by Ets and activating protein-1 transcription factors and progesterone". Endocrinology. 141 (2): 581–97. doi:10.1210/en.141.2.581. PMID 10650939.
• Conner CE, Kelly RW, Hume R (2001). "Regulation of prostaglandin availability in human fetal lung by differential localisation of prostaglandin H synthase-1 and prostaglandin dehydrogenase". Histochem. Cell Biol. 116 (4): 313–9. doi:10.1007/s004180100323. PMID 11702189. S2CID 13199767.
• Giannoulias D, Patel FA, Holloway AC, et al. (2002). "Differential changes in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and prostaglandin H synthase (types I and II) in human pregnant myometrium". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (3): 1345–52. doi:10.1210/jc.87.3.1345. PMID 11889207.
• Cho H, Tai HH (2003). "Threonine 11 of human NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase may interact with NAD(+) during catalysis". Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 66 (5–6): 505–9. doi:10.1054/plef.2002.0391. PMID 12144871.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Tai HH, Ensor CM, Zhou H, Yan F (2003). "Structure and Function of Human Nad+-Linked 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase". Structure and function of human NAD(+)-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 507. pp. 245–50. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0193-0_37. ISBN 978-1-4613-4960-0. PMID 12664592.
• McKeown KJ, Challis JR (2003). "Regulation of 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase by corticotrophin-releasing hormone through a calcium-dependent pathway in human chorion trophoblast cells". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (4): 1737–41. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021369. PMID 12679466.
• Patel FA, Funder JW, Challis JR (2003). "Mechanism of cortisol/progesterone antagonism in the regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in human chorion and placental trophoblast cells at term". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (6): 2922–33. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021710. PMID 12788907.
• Nandy A, Jenatschke S, Hartung B, et al. (2004). "Genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of the human NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene". J. Mol. Endocrinol. 31 (1): 105–21. doi:10.1677/jme.0.0310105. PMID 12914529.