GRB 190114C

GRB 190114C was a notable gamma ray burst explosion from a galaxy 4.5 billion light years away (z=0.4245;[2] magnitude=15.60est[3]) near the Fornax constellation,[4][5][6] that was initially detected in January 2019.[3][7] The afterglow light emitted soon after the burst was found to be tera-electron volt radiation from inverse Compton emission, identified for the first time.[8] According to the astronomers, "We observed a huge range of frequencies in the electromagnetic radiation afterglow of GRB 190114C. It is the most extensive to date for a gamma-ray burst."[8] Also, according to other astronomers, "light detected from the object had the highest energy ever observed: 1 Tera electron volt (TeV) -- about one trillion times as much energy per photon as visible light";[4] another source stated, "the brightest light ever seen from Earth [to date] ... [the] biggest explosion in the Universe since the Big Bang".[9]

GRB 190114C
The Hubble Space Telescope caught the fading afterglow of GRB 190114C and its home galaxy on February 11 and March 12, 2019. The difference between these images reveals a faint, short-lived glow (center of the green circle) located about 800 light-years from the galaxy’s core. Blue colors beyond the core signal the presence of hot, young stars, indicating that this is a spiral galaxy somewhat similar to our own. The source of the burst is located about 4.5 billion light-years away in the direction of the constellation Fornax.
Other designationsGRB 190114C
Event typeGamma-ray burst 
Date14 January 2019 
InstrumentNeil Gehrels Swift Observatory 
ConstellationFornax 
Right ascension03h 38m 1.63s[1]
Declination−26° 56′ 48.1″[1]
Redshift0.4245 ±0.0005 

Significance

Recent publications following the event indicate that inverse Compton scattering is the mechanism responsible for producing TeV photons.[8] X-ray photons are scattered off of the GRB's polar jets of electrons, which move at 0.9999c. In a scattering event, much of the energy of a relativistic electron is transferred to a photon.[10][11][12][13] Researchers "have been trying to observe such very high energy emission from GRB's for a long time, so this detection is considered a milestone in high-energy astrophysics".[4][14] The most recent studies propose, in summary, a model of binary system of hypernova (BdHN I) with two neutron stars, where one of them collapses in a black hole, surrounded by an accretion disk and from whose poles the GRB is launched.[15][16]

GRB 190114C
Mechanism of Gamma-ray bursts
Artist impression[17]

See also

References
  1. Staff (2019). "SIMBAD - GRB 190114C". SIMBAD. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  2. Staff (2019). "GRB 190114C". University of Chicago. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  3. Palmer, David (14 January 2019). "GRB 190114C: Swift detection of a very bright burst with a bright optical counterpart". Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  4. ESA/Hubble Information Centre (20 November 2019). "Hubble studies gamma-ray burst with the highest energy ever seen". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  5. Byrd, Deborah (24 November 2019). "Epic cosmic explosion detected via faster-than-light particles - Space-based observatories detected a violent explosion in a galaxy billions of light-years away. It became the brightest source of high-energy cosmic gamma rays seen so far. Specialized Earth-based telescopes detected it via faster-than-light particles cascading through Earth's atmosphere". Earth & Sky. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  6. Zhang, Ben (20 November 2019). "Extreme emission seen from γ-ray bursts - Cosmic explosions called γ-ray bursts are the most energetic bursting events in the Universe. Observations of extremely high-energy emission from two γ-ray bursts provide a new way to study these gigantic explosions". Nature. 575 (7783): 448–449. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03503-6. PMID 31748718. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  7. Mirzoyan, Razmik (15 January 2019). "First time detection of a GRB at sub-TeV energies; MAGIC detects the GRB 190114C". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  8. University of Johannesburg (22 November 2019). "Caught in afterglow: 1st detection of Inverse Compton emission from dying gamma-ray burst". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  9. Wood, Tom (22 November 2019). "Scientists Detect Biggest Explosion In The Universe Since The Big Bang". LADbible. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  10. Evgeny Derishev; et al. (2019). "The Physical Conditions of the Afterglow Implied by MAGIC's Sub-TeV Observations of GRB 190114C". The Astrophysical Journal. 2019 (2): L27. arXiv:1905.08285. Bibcode:2019ApJ...880L..27D. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab2d8a. S2CID 160010082.
  11. The H.E.S.S. collaboration (2019). "A very-high-energy component deep in the γ-ray burst afterglow". Nature. 2019 (7783): 464–467. arXiv:1911.08961. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..464A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1743-9. PMID 31748724. S2CID 208175979.
  12. The MAGIC collaboration (2019). "Teraelectronvolt emission from the γ-ray burst GRB 190114C". Nature. 2019 (7783): 455–458. arXiv:2006.07249. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..455M. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1750-x. hdl:2318/1718773. PMID 31748726. S2CID 208190569.
  13. The MAGIC Collaboration (2019). "Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst". Nature. 2019 (7783): 459–463. arXiv:2006.07251. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..459M. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1754-6. PMID 31748725. S2CID 208191199.
  14. Veres, P; et al. (20 November 2019). "Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst". Nature. 575 (7783): 459–463. arXiv:2006.07251. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..459M. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1754-6. PMID 31748725. S2CID 208191199. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  15. Ruffini, R.; Fuksman, J. D. Melon; Vereshchagin, G. V. (2019). "On the Role of a Cavity in the Hypernova Ejecta of GRB 190114C". The Astrophysical Journal. 883 (2): 191. arXiv:1904.03163. Bibcode:2019ApJ...883..191R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3c51.
  16. Rueda, J. A.; Ruffini, Remo; Karlica, Mile; Moradi, Rahim; Wang, Yu (2020). "Magnetic Fields and Afterglows of BdHNe: Inferences from GRB 130427A, GRB 160509A, GRB 160625B, GRB 180728A, and GRB 190114C". The Astrophysical Journal. 893 (2): 148. arXiv:1905.11339. Bibcode:2020ApJ...893..148R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab80b9. S2CID 212725357.
  17. "Hubble Studies Gamma-Ray Burst with the Highest Energy Ever Seen". Hubble Space Telescope. Retrieved 21 November 2019.

Further reading

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