Esquerdes

Esquerdes (Dutch: Zwerde) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

Esquerdes
Commune
The old fortified farmhouse in white limestone and the church
Coat of arms
Location of Esquerdes
Esquerdes Esquerdes
Coordinates: 50°42′19″N 2°11′18″E
Country	France
Region	Hauts-de-France
Department	Pas-de-Calais
Arrondissement	Saint-Omer
Canton	Lumbres
Intercommunality	Pays de Lumbres
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Olivier Obert
Area ^1	9.4 km^2 (3.6 sq mi)
Population  (2017-01-01)[1]	1,629
• Density	170/km^2 (450/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	62309 /62380
Elevation	25–139 m (82–456 ft) (avg. 45 m or 148 ft)
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km^2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Geography

A farming village situated 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Saint-Omer, on the D211 road. The A26 autoroute passes very close by.

Etymology

The village name first appears as Squerda in the year 857. Later known as Ekarde and finally as Esquerdes.

History

An ancient village, Esquerdes was on the Roman road, the Leulène, that ran from Thérouanne to Sangatte on the coast. An archaeological survey of 1984 revealed traces of the Neolithic period (flint and carved bone) at two sites known as Les Tripoux and Le Paradis.
The private Crèvecoeur farm, near the river, is made up of a number of buildings dating from the fifteenth century that belonged to John de Trémoillepuis and his son, Philippe de Crèvecoeur, who served under Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and Kings Louis XI and Charles VII. He was appointed Marshal of France in 1483 and changed his surname to that of Esquerdes.
The story of Esquerdes is linked to the development of two major industries of paper and gunpowder, which developed from the time of Louis XIV until the 19th century and which led to a large growth in population. In 1790, the town was large enough (with its 500 inhabitants) to be appointed chief town of the canton. Two hundred years or so later, this figure has more than tripled.

Population

Historical population of Esquerdes

Year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2007
Population	1147	1205	1182	1278	1530	1460	1620
From the year 1962 on: No double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) are counted only once.

Places of interest

• The church of St.Martin, dating from the twelfth century.
• The remains of a fifteenth-century chateau.
• The old paper mill, still working in a small capacity.
• The gunpowder factory.

Notable people

• Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes (1418–1494), Marshal of France in 1486 and seigneur of the village.

See also

• Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department

References

• INSEE commune file

1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.