Education in Bihar

Bihar has been a major centre of learning and home to one of the oldest universities of one of the earliest universities of India dating back to the fifth century and the tradition of learning which had its origin from ancient times was lost during the medieval period when it is believed that marauding armies of the invaders destroyed these centres of learning.

Bihar saw a revival during the later part of the British rule when they established a University at Patna along with other centres of high learning, namely, Science College, Patna, Prince of Wales Medical College (Now Patna Medical College and Hospital), and Bihar Engineering College (Now National Institute of Technology, Patna). This early lead was lost in the post-independence period when the politicians from Bihar lost out in the race of getting centers of education established in Bihar.

In the 1960s major educational reforms were implemented to streamline the education structure of state by the then education minister and educationist late Satender Narain Sinha; however the phenomenal changes were short-lived as the successive governments failed to implement it.

Modern Bihar has an inadequate educational infrastructure creating a huge mismatch between demand and supply. This problem is further compounded by increases in population. The craving for higher education among the general population of Bihar has led to a migration of the student community from the state. This has led to a "flooding" of students to seek educational opportunities in other states, such as New Delhi and Karnataka, even for graduation level college education. Researchers found out that 37.8% of Bihar's teachers could not be found during unannounced visits to schools, the worst teacher absence rate in India and one of the worst in the world.[1][2]

In spite of the inadequate investment on education in Bihar, compared to other poorer Indian states, the students have done well. National institutes of learning such as IIT, IIM and AIIMS, IISER, NISER have had a good representation from Bihar. A survey by Pratham[3] rated the absorption of their teaching by the Bihar children better than those in other states.

According to the government, out-of-school rate in the age group 6-14 was 6.3% in 2007, a big drop from 12.8 per cent in 2006.[4]

After a series of reforms and steps taken by BSEB such as interviewing toppers before releasing results, the pass percentage has increased considerably. In 2020, 80.44% students who had appeared for class 12 BSEB examination were declared passed. Similarly, for class 10, the pass percentage for 2020 examination improved to 80.59%. To increase the pass percentage, the pattern of examination was also changed with MCQs playing a key role in this improvement.

Education Ministers of Bihar
# Name Took office Left office Chief Minister Party
1 Acharya Badrinath Verma[5][6] 1946 31 January 1961 Shri Krishna Singh Congress
2 Satyendra Narayan Sinha 18 February 1961 1 October 1963 Binodanand Jha Congress
3 Satyendra Narayan Sinha 1 October 1963 5 March 1967 Krishna Ballabh Sahay Congress
4 Karpoori Thakur 5 March 1967 31 January 1968 Mahamaya Prasad Sinha Socialist Party
5 Satish Prasad Singh 28 January 1968 1 February 1968 Satish Prasad Singh Congress
6 Bindeshwari Dubey 28 May 1973 2 July 1973 Kedar Pandey Congress
7 Vidyakar Kavi[7] 25 September 1973 April 10, 1974 Abdul Gafoor Congress
8 Nasiruddin Haider Khan[8] 1980 30 September 1981 Jagannath Mishra Congress
9 Karamchand Bhagat[9] 30 September 1981 1983 Jagannath Mishra Congress
10 Nagendra Jha[10] 1983 1985 Chandrashekhar Singh Congress
11 Uma Pandey

[11][12][13]

 1985 1986 Bindeshwari Dubey Congress
12 Lokesh Nath Jha

[14][15][16]

 1986 1988 Bindeshwari Dubey Congress
13 Nagendra Jha 14 February 1988 10 March 1989 Bhagwat Jha Azad Congress
14 Satyendra Narayan Sinha 11 March 1989 6 December 1989 Satyendra Narayan Sinha Congress
15 Jaiprakash Narayan Yadav 9 March 1999 2 March 2000 Rabri Devi Rashtriya Janata Dal
16 Brishen Patel 24 November 2005 14 April 2008 Nitish Kumar Janata Dal (United)
17 Harinarayan Singh[17] 14 April 2008 26 November 2010 Nitish Kumar Janata Dal (United)
18 Brishen Patel 26 November 2010 20 May 2014 Nitish Kumar Janata Dal (United)
19 Brishen Patel 20 May 2014 22 February 2015 Jitan Ram Manjhi Janata Dal (United)
20 Prashant Kumar Sahi 22 February 2015 20 November 2015 Nitish Kumar Janata Dal (United)
21 Ashok Choudhary 20 November 2015 26 July 2017 Nitish Kumar Congress
22 Krishna Nandan Prasad Verma 27 July 2017 (incumbent) Nitish Kumar Janata Dal (United)

Schools
School girls returning home in Pashchim Champaran, Bihar.

From the British times, Bihar has had a system of district schools (called Zila schools), located at of the older districts of Bihar. In addition, there were private and semi aided schools which were run and administered by local village communities. Several of them were known for their high quality education.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the state government took over management of most privately run schools. This adversely affected school education in the state since the state government was ill equipped to manage the schools through its bureaucrats who were trained for law and order duties. Though the state accorded them government recognition, the standard started to fall. The state did not take over the schools run by the Christian missionaries and these schools provided a fillip (boost) to quality education in Bihar.

As in other states, the central government runs a number of Kendriya Vidyalayas (Central Schools) and Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya for rural students. Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya started by the late Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi have been successful in providing quality education to the weaker sections of the society.

The number of private schools, including school-chains and Missionary Schools run by Christian Missionaries as well as Madrasas, or schools run by Muslim clerics, has increased in the post liberalisation era.

Most of the schools in Bihar are affiliated with the Bihar School Examination Board, while the Kendriya Vidyalaya and a few other elite schools including the Christian Missionary Schools are affiliated to the ICSE and CBSE boards. A recent survey by National University of Educational Planning & Administration (NUEPA) has determined that only 21% of all primary school teachers in Bihar have completed the matriculation; or 10th standard.[18] However, Bihar Government has recently implemented a series of reforms in its Primary Education Sector which includes mandatory digitization of all state-run schools.[19]

Higher education

Patna has emerged as one of the major centers of learning in India. Schools in Patna are either run by the state government or run by private trusts, organizations, missionaries. Government schools are affiliated with the Bihar School Examination Board and most private schools are affiliated with the ICSE, CBSE or NIOS boards. Some of the prominent old schools in Patna like St. Joseph's Convent, St. Michael's High School, St. Xavier's School, were established by missionaries during the British Raj . Patna imparts education in fields like technology, medicine, management, law, and fashion. Institutions of national repute have opened up in Patna increasing the opportunities in higher education in the state capital. Colleges such as Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Birla Institute of Technology, Patna and National Institute of Technology, Patna are the prominent engineering colleges in Patna. Other colleges include the newly opened National Institute of Fashion Technology Patna and medical schools such as Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna Medical College and Hospital and Nalanda Medical College and Hospital. Anugrah Narayan College and B N College are among the best-known colleges for commerce and humanities besides for a range of PG courses.

Nalanda Open University (NOU), established 1987, is a university at Patna in Bihar state, India. It is the only university in Bihar providing education through distance and open education. It is an open university which means that it follows an open-door academic policy and is open to everyone for admission with minimum requirements. It is second largest open university in India.[20]

Three other important universities are Patna University, Pataliputra University and Magadh University.

After coming to power, the Nitish Kumar led government opened the Chanakya National Law University, a national law university, Aryabhatta Knowledge University, a technological university of Bihar and a B-school called Chandragupt Institute of Management. Both these institutes have attracted students from not just within Bihar but also students from far flung states. AN Sinha Institute of Social Sciences, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute, Bihar Research Institute are the research institutes in Patna. The Patna University, one of the oldest universities in Bihar, was established in 1917, and is the 7th oldest university of the Indian subcontinent. Patna also houses one of India's world-renowned libraries, the Khuda Baksh Oriental Library, and the Sinha Library, which is one of the largest in the region.

As on date, there are six engineering colleges for boys and one for girls in public sector and nine others in the private sector in Bihar. The overall annual intake of these technical institutes offering engineering education to students in Bihar is merely 4,559. The process to create infrastructure for three new engineering colleges—one each at Madhepura, Begusarai and Sitamarhi—has started.[21] Bihar government is also supposed to launch new medical college in Bihar.[22]

Patna has emerged as a major center for engineering and civil services coaching. The major private IIT-JEE coaching institutes have opened up their branches in Bihar and this has reduced the number of students who go to, for example, Kota and Delhi for engineering/medical coaching.[23][24][25][26]

Centre-funded Engg. Colleges

Government. Engineering Colleges
  • Bakhtiyarpur college of engineering, Patna
  • Bhagalpur College of Engineering, Bhagalpur
  • Darbhanga College of Engineering, Darbhanga
  • Gaya College of Engineering, Gaya
  • Motihari College of Engineering, Motihari
  • Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur
  • Nalanda College of Engineering, Nalanda
  • Lok Nayak Jayprakash Institute Of Technology, Chapra (Saran)[27]
  • Sitamarhi Institute of Technology, Sitamarhi
  • Katihar Engineering of College, Katihar
  • Supaul College of Engineering, Supaul
  • Purnea College of Engineering, Purnea
  • Saharsa College of Engineering, Saharsa
  • Government Engineering College, Jamui
  • Government Engineering College, Banka
  • Government Engineering College, Vaishali
  • Government Engineering College, Nawada
  • Government Engineering College, Kishanganj
  • Government Engineering College, Araria
  • Government Engineering College, Munger
  • Government Engineering College, Sheohar
  • Government Engineering College, West Champaran
  • Government Engineering College, Aurangabad
  • Government Engineering College, Kaimur
  • Government Engineering College, Gopalganj
  • Government Engineering College, Madhubani
  • Government Engineering College, Siwan
  • Government Engineering College, Jehanabad
  • Government Engineering College, Arwal
  • Government Engineering College, Khagaria
  • Government Engineering College, Buxar
  • Government Engineering College, Bhojpur
  • Government Engineering College, Sheikhpura
  • Government Engineering College, Lakhisarai
  • Government Engineering College, Samastipur
  • Rastrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar College of Engineering, Begusarai
  • B.P. Mandal College of Engineering, Madhepura

Government.Tibbi college and hospital patna

Private Engg. Colleges

National institute of electronics and information technology, bihta, patna

Other colleges in Bihar

References
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  2. Basu, Kaushik (November 29, 2004). "Combating India's truant teachers". BBC. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
  3. Pratham .org | Pratham - A Network of Societal Missions to Achieve Universal Primary Education in India Archived June 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  4. "Bihar improves primary education score". iGovernment. Archived from the original on 2009-02-05.
  5. Acharya Badrinath Verma
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See also
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