Cusco Quechua
Cusco Quechua (Quechua: Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cusco and the Cusco Region of Peru.
| Cusco Quechua | |
|---|---|
| Qosqo runasimi | |
| Native to | Peru |
Native speakers | (1.5 million cited 1989)[1] |
Quechuan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:quz – Cuscoqve – Eastern Apurímac |
| Glottolog | cusc1236 Cuscoeast2551 Eastern Apurímac |
| ELP | Cuzco Quechua[2] |
It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cusco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet.[3] On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels.[4]
Phonology
There is debate about whether Cusco Quechua has five /a, e, i, o, u/ or three vowels: /a, i, u/.[5]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | plain | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | q | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | t͡ʃʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | x | χ | h | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
| Approximant | plain | j | w | ||||
| lateral | l | ʎ | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||||
Grammar
Pronouns[6]
| Cusco Quechua | Northern Quechua | Ancash Quechua | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1º | noqa / ñoqa | ñuka | nuqa | I |
| 2º | qan | kan | qam | you |
| 3º | pay | pay | pay | he, she, it |
| 4º | noqanchis / ñoqanchis | ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash) | nuqantsik | we (inclusive) |
| 5º | noqayku / ñoqayku | ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin) | nuqakuna | we (exclusive) |
| 6º | qankuna | qamkuna | qamkuna | you (plural) |
| 7º | paykuna | paykuna | paykuna | they |
Nouns
| Function | Suffix | Example | (translation) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| suffix indicating number | plural | -kuna | wasikuna | houses |
| possessive suffix | 1.person singular | -y | wasiy | my house |
| 2.person singular | -yki | wasiyki | your house | |
| 3.person singular | -n | wasin | his/her/its house | |
| 1.person plural (incl) | -nchis | wasinchis | our house (incl.) | |
| 1.person plural (excl) | -y-ku | wasiyku | our house (excl.) | |
| 2.person plural | -yki-chis | wasiykichis | your (pl.) house | |
| 3.person plural | -n-ku | wasinku | their house | |
| suffixes indicating case | nominative | – | wasi | the house (subj.) |
| accusative | -(k)ta | wasita | the house (obj.) | |
| instrumental | -wan | wasiwan | with the house, and the house | |
| abessive | -naq | wasinaq | without the house | |
| dative | -paq | wasipaq | to the house | |
| genitive | -q / -pa | wasiq | of the house | |
| causative | -rayku | wasirayku | because of the house | |
| benefactive | -paq | wasipaq | for the house | |
| locative | -pi | wasipi | at the house | |
| directional | -man | wasiman | towards the house | |
| inclusive | -piwan, puwan | wasipiwan, wasipuwan | including the house | |
| terminative | -kama, -yaq | wasikama, wasiyaq | up to the house | |
| transitive | -(rin)ta | wasinta | through the house | |
| ablative | -manta, -piqta | wasimanta, wasipiqta | off/from the house | |
| comitative | -(ni)ntin | wasintin | along with the house | |
| immediate | -raq | wasiraq | first the house | |
| intrative | -pura | wasipura | among the houses | |
| exclusive | -lla(n) | wasilla(n) | only the house | |
| comparative | -naw, -hina | wasinaw, wasihina | like the house | |
See also
References
- Cusco at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
Eastern Apurímac at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016) - Endangered Languages Project data for Cuzco Quechua.
- Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs
- Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.
- "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
- "Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco". Quechua Language. 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
External links
- Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur), Qosqo, Peru, 2006 (pdf 3,8 MB). Dictionary of the AMLQ: Cusco-Quechua - Spanish, Spanish - Cusco-Quechua.
- Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
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