China National Space Administration

China National Space Administration (CNSA) (Chinese: 国家航天局; pinyin: Guójiā Hángtiān Jú) is the national space agency of China responsible for the national space program[2] and for planning and development of space activities. CNSA and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) assumed the authority over space development efforts previously held by the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. It is a subordinate agency of the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND), itself a subordinate agency of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).

This article is about the national space agency of Chinese mainland. For the Taiwanese counterpart, see National Space Organization. For other uses, see CNSA (disambiguation).

China National Space Administration
国家航天局
Agency overview
AbbreviationCNSA
Formed22 April 1993
TypeSpace agency
JurisdictionMinistry of Industry and Information Technology
HeadquartersHaidian District, Beijing, China
AdministratorZhang Kejian
Primary spaceportsJiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
Xichang Satellite Launch Center
Wenchang Satellite Launch Center
Owner People's Republic of China
Annual budget~ US$11 billion (2018 est.)[1]
Websitewww.cnsa.gov.cn
China National Space Administration
Simplified Chinese国家航天局
Traditional Chinese國家航天局
Literal meaningNational Astronautics Administration

The headquarters are in Haidian District, Beijing.

History

CNSA is an agency created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. This arrangement proved somewhat unsatisfactory, as these two agencies were, in effect, one large agency, sharing both personnel and management.[2]

As part of a massive restructuring in 1998, CASC was split into a number of smaller state-owned companies. The intention appeared to have been to create a system similar to that characteristic of Western defense procurement in which entities which are government agencies, setting operational policy, would then contract out their operational requirements to entities which were government-owned, but not government-managed.[2]

Function

CNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the 8th National People's Congress of China (NPC). The Ninth NPC assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges; and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry.

Up to now, China has signed governmental space cooperation agreements with Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, India, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some other countries. Significant achievements have been scored in the bilateral and multilateral and technology exchanges and cooperation.[2]

Administrators of CNSA are appointed by the State Council.

Taikonauts
Main article: List of Chinese astronauts

As of 2013, eleven Chinese people have traveled to space (alphabetical order):

Administrators

The most recent administrator is Zhang Kejian. Wu Yanhua is vice-administrator and Tian Yulong is secretary general.[3]

Departments

There are four departments under the CNSA:

  • Department of General Planning
  • Department of System Engineering
  • Department of Science, Technology and Quality Control
  • Department of Foreign Affairs

CNSA's logo is a similar design to that of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.[6] The arrow in the middle is similar to the Chinese character 人 which means 'human' or 'people', to state that humans are the center of all space exploration. The three concentric ellipses stand for three types of Escape Velocity (minimum speed needed to reach sustainable orbits, to escape the earth system, and to escape the solar system) which are milestones of space exploration. The second ring is drawn with a bold line, to state that China has passed the first stage of exploration (earth system) and is undergoing the second stage exploration (within the solar system). The 人 character stands above the three rings to emphasize humanity's capability to escape and explore. Olive branches were added to state that China's space exploration is peaceful in nature.

See also

References
  1. "China spent 7 times more than India on space; US 13 times". The Times of India. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020. While India's Isro spent about $1.5 billion in 2018, US' Nasa spent $19.5 billion and China's CNSA spent $11 billion
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "Resume of Administrator". Archived from the original on 19 January 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  4. 陈求发任辽宁省代省长 [Chen Qiufa appointed acting governor of Liaoning]. People's Daily (in Chinese). 8 May 2015.
  5. Dr. MA Xingrui was appointed as administrator of China National Space Administration Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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