Arbonne

Arbonne (Basque: Arbona) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

This article is about the French village. For the cosmetics company, see Arbonne International.
Arbonne

Arbona
Commune
The Town Hall
Coat of arms
Location of Arbonne
Arbonne
Arbonne
Coordinates: 43°25′58″N 1°33′00″W
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentPyrénées-Atlantiques
ArrondissementBayonne
CantonUstaritz-Vallées de Nive et Nivelle
IntercommunalityCA Pays Basque
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Marie-Josèphe Mialocq
Area
1
10.59 km2 (4.09 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
2,223
 • Density210/km2 (540/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
64035 /64210
Elevation5–94 m (16–308 ft)
(avg. 21 m or 69 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arbonars[2][3]

Geography

Arbonne is located some 6 km south of Biarritz and 3 km east of Bidart. It is part of the Urban area of Bayonne and is located in the former province of Labourd. Access to the commune is by road D255 from Biarritz in the north passing through the village and continuing south to Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle. The D655 branches off the D255 in the south of the commune and goes to Ahetze. The A63 autoroute passes through the northern tip of the commune but has no access from the commune. In the south of the commune is the hamlet of Le Hameau d'Arbonne. The rest of the commune is mainly farmland with patches of forest especially in the north.

Located in the drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is traversed by the Uhabia, a small coastal river that flows into the ocean at Bidart, and its tributaries: the Zirikolatzeko erreka and the Ruisseau d'Argelos.

The Ruisseau de Pemartin also flows through the commune and there is an extensive network of streams throughout the commune.[4]

Places and Hamlets
  • Aguerrea
  • Alhorga[5]
  • Allexarrea
  • Arditegia
  • Arretxea
  • Berrueta
  • Cassoua
  • Diharzenea
  • Etchardia
  • Guichenea
  • Gure Egoitza
  • le Hameau d'Arbonne
  • Harriague[5]
  • Hegoasea
  • Katalienea
  • Kuttuenea
  • Larreburua
  • Magnienea
  • Menta[5]
  • Mestelan Beherea[5]
  • Mestelania
  • Moleresia
  • Mundustenea
  • Pemartikoborda
  • Pemartin[5]
  • Perukain[5]
  • La Place[5]
  • le Pouy[5]
  • Saskoenea
  • Tribulenea
  • Xantxienea
  • Xokobia
  • Ziburria
  • Ziburriako Errota

[6]

Toponymy

The commune name in Basque is Arbona.[7]

Brigitte Jobbé-Duval[3] indicated that 'Arbona meant "place of tree stumps".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

NameSpellingDateSourcePageOriginDescription
ArbonneNarbona1186Raymond
9
BayonneVillage
Narbone1349Orpustan
Alhorgako ErrekaL'Alhorga1863Raymond
5
A tributary of the Uhabia flowing from Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle and Ahetze
BerruetaBerhouetta1863Raymond
28
Farm
HarriagueHarriague1863Raymond
76
Hamlet
HurmalagueHurmalague1863Raymond
80
Hamlet
MentaMenta1198Raymond
112
BayonneHamlet
Mente1523Raymond
112
Chapter
Mestelan BehereaMestelan1760Raymond
112
CollationsFarm (a prebend of this name was present in the Arbonne church)
Mesthelan1863Raymond
112
PemartinPémartin1863Raymond
133
Farm
PerukainPerucam13th centuryRaymond
134
BayonneHamlet
Pérucain1863Raymond
La PlaceLa Place1863Raymond
135
Hamlet
Le Pouyla chapelle de Pouy près Bayonne1751Raymond
139
IntendanceFarm
Pouy1863Raymond
139

Sources:

Origins:

  • Bayonne: Cartulary of Bayonne or Livre d'Or (Book of Gold)[8]
  • Collations: Collations of the Diocese of Bayonne[9]
  • Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of Bayonne[10]
  • Intendance: Intendance of Pau[11]

History

The oldest lord of Arbonne whose names are known are from the Sault family, Viscounts of Labourd. At the end of the 14th century the lordship was owned by the Saint-Julien family (originally from Lower Navarre) and then in 1408 to the Amezqueta family.[12]

The Act of 4 March 1790,[13] which determined the new administrative landscape of France by creating departments and districts, created the Department of Basses-Pyrénées to bring together Béarn, the Gascon lands in Bayonne and Bidache, and three French Basque provinces. For these three provinces three districts were created: Mauléon, Saint-Palais, and Ustaritz which replaced the Bailiwick of Labourd. The seat of Ustaritz was transferred almost immediately to Bayonne. Its Directorate pushed many municipalities into adopting new names conforming to the spirit of the Revolution. Arbonne was called Constante,[14] Ustaritz became Marat-sur-Nive, Itxassou Union, Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Thermopyles, Saint-Palais Mont-Bidouze, Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Nive-Franche, Louhossoa Montagne-sur-Nive, Saint-Jean-de-Luz Chauvin-Dragon, Ainhoa Mendiarte, and Souraïde Mendialde.

Heraldry
Arms of Arbonne
 Adopted by the Town Council on 20 May 1988.[12]

Blazon:
Or, a Tauzin oak Vert accompanied at sinister by a bear Sable attached to the trunk of the tree and at dexter two nails of Sable posed in chevron inverted.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[15][16]

Mayors from the French Revolution to 1943
FromToNamePartyPosition
1790?1794Daguerre
17941795Dominique DuhartMayor of Constante which united Arbonne, Arcangues, and Bassussarry
1795Jean LabordeMayor of Constante
18141817Pierre Landaboure
18171822Jean Diharce
18221823Martin Hegoas
18231827Charles Borotra
18271840Mathieu Duhart
18401842Hirigoyen
18421849Doyhenard
18491859Laborde
18591864Michel Dokhelar
18641876Laurent Hirigoyen
18761881Jean Dufau
18811896Jean Borotra
18961904Jean Dufau
19041943Bernard Housset
Mayors from 1943
FromToNamePartyPosition
19431945Jean Hegoas
19451948Émile Martin
19531971André Gromard
19711977Didier Borotra
19771995Bernard AbeberryThe council elected in 1983 had two women for the first time
19952008Jean Bareille
20082026Marie-Josèphe Mialocq

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

Arbonne is part of nine inter-communal structures:

  • the Agglomération Sud Pays Basque;
  • the SIVOM of Arbonne-Arcangues-Bassussarry;
  • the SIVU of Arbonne-Bidart;
  • the Ouhabia association;
  • the mixed association of Bizi Garbia;
  • the Association for promotion of basque culture;
  • the mixed association for management of Ura drinking water;
  • the mixed association for sanitation in Ura;
  • the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

The commune is part of the Eurocité basque Bayonne-San Sebastian (fr) (a cross-border association to develop the area from Bayonne in France to San Sebastian in Spain).

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 2,223 inhabitants.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 608—    
1800 555−1.29%
1806 560+0.15%
1821 520−0.49%
1831 690+2.87%
1836 745+1.55%
1841 715−0.82%
1846 708−0.20%
1851 700−0.23%
1856 685−0.43%
1861 700+0.43%
1866 705+0.14%
1872 733+0.65%
1876 724−0.31%
1881 790+1.76%
1886 800+0.25%
1891 770−0.76%
1896 759−0.29%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 764+0.13%
1906 789+0.65%
1911 788−0.03%
1921 689−1.33%
1926 763+2.06%
1931 866+2.56%
1936 980+2.50%
1946 763−2.47%
1954 614−2.68%
1962 628+0.28%
1968 648+0.52%
1975 819+3.40%
1982 1,196+5.56%
1990 1,366+1.68%
1999 1,375+0.07%
2007 1,855+3.81%
2012 2,075+2.27%
2017 2,223+1.39%
Source: EHESS[17] and INSEE[18]

Economy

The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and heritage
The Church of Saint-Laurent
The old benoîterie
Old Hilarri in the cemetery

According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the basque dialect spoken in Arbonne is northern Upper Navarrese

Religious heritage

The commune has two buildings that are registered as historical monuments:

  • The Church of Saint-Laurent (12th century).[19] It is of a medium size with an arched Bell-gable characteristic of Labourd religious buildings. Some old Hilarri are visible in the cemetery.
  • The old Benoîterie d'Arbonne (16th century)[20] The Benoîterie was the residence of the Benoîte or guardian of the church and cemetery and is now the venue for exhibitions (paintings, crafts).

Facilities
Health

The commune has a general practitioner, three nurses, a speech therapist, a physiotherapist, and a dentist - all in the village centre.

Education

Arbonne has two primary schools, one public and one private (Saint-Laurent school)

Notable people linked to the commune
  • Jean Borotra - called the Basque bondissant (the Bounding Basque), born in 1898 at Biarritz and died in 1994 at Arbonne, a tennis player and French politician
  • Bernard Béreau, born in 1940 at Arbonne and died in 2005, he was a French footballer
  • Marie-Michèle Beaufils, born in 1949 at Arbonne, she is a contemporary writer

See also

Bibliography
  • Arbonne, Arbona, Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988 (in French)

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  3. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
  4. Google Maps
  5. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
  6. Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  7. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Basque)
  8. Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  9. Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  10. Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  11. Titles of the intendance of Pau - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  12. Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Arbonne, Arbona, Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988 (in French)
  13. Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1947, reprinted 1975, ISBN 2 7003 0038 6, p. 185 (in French)
  14. Communal Notice for Arbonne, consulted on 7 July 2012 (in French).
  15. Hubert Lamant-Duhart in Arbonne, Arbona, Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988, p. 213 (in French)
  16. List of Mayors of France
  17. Données Cassini, EHESS
  18. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  19. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084554 Church of Saint-Laurent (in French)
  20. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084551 Benoîterie d'Arbonne (in French)
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