2020 Brazilian municipal elections

The 2020 Brazilian municipal elections will take place on 15 and 29 November 2020 (for cities with more than 200,000 voters, where the second round is available).[1] Electors chose Mayors, Vice-Mayors and City Councillors of all 5,568 cities of the country. The partisan conventions will take place between 31 August and 16 September. These will be the first elections since Bolsonaro's election as President.

2020 Brazilian municipal elections
15 November 2020 (first round)
29 November 2020 (second round, if necessary)
Mayors and councillors of all the 5,568 municipalities of Brazil
 
Leader Baleia Rossi Bruno Araújo Alfredo Cotait Neto
Party MDB PSDB PSD
Last election 1,037 803 541
 
Leader Ciro Nogueira Carlos Siqueira Carlos Lupi
Party PP PSB PDT
Last election 495 415 336

Electoral calendar

The Superior Electoral Court defined on 17 December 2019 the Electoral Calendar for 2020 Brazilian municipal election. According to the calendar, the first round should take place on 4 October, and the second round, on 25 October, from 8 am to 5 pm in both cases. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, these dates were moved forward to 15 November and 29 November, respectively.[2][3]

2020 Electoral Calendar
Date Event
1 January Entities or companies conducting polls related to elections or possible candidates are required to register information in the Electoral Polling Registration System up to 5 days before disclosure
1 January Free distribution of goods, values or benefits by the public administration is prohibited, except in cases of public calamity, state of emergency or social programs authorized by law and already under budget execution in the previous year
1 April TSE starts to broadcast institutional advertisements on radio and TV to encourage female, youth and black community participation in politics
4 April Limit for political parties interested in running for election to have the registrations approved by the TSE
15 May Pre-candidates will be able to make prior fundraising in crowdfunding
4 July It is forbidden to hire artistic shows paid for with public funds when conducting inaugurations
31 August Conventions are allowed to choose coalitions and candidates for Mayor, Vice-Mayor and City Councilor
31 August Last day for the Electoral Justice to disclose the spending limits for each position in dispute
16 September Last day for conventions for choosing coalitions and candidates for Mayor, Vice Mayor and Councilor
26 September Last day for parties and coalitions to submit an application for registration of candidates to the Electoral Court
26 September Date from which electoral propaganda will be allowed, including on the internet
31 October Date from which no candidate may be arrested or detained, except in flagrante delicto
5 November Last day for the voter to request a duplicate of the ticket within the electoral domicile
10 November Date from which no voter can be arrested or detained, except in flagrante delicto or by virtue of a condemnatory criminal sentence for an unspeakable crime
12 November Last day to broadcast free electoral propaganda on radio and TV for the first round
12 November Last day for radio and TV debates for the first round
15 November First Round
27 November Last day to broadcast free electoral propaganda on radio and TV for the second round
27 November Last day for radio and TV debates for the second round
29 November Second Round

Background

The 2020 municipal elections are the first since the general elections of 2018, marking the rise of bolsonarism, a movement in support of President Jair Bolsonaro, and a new political-electoral dynamic emerging on the political scene; in a way, an assessment of the President's electoral strength.[4]

The 2018 general elections, in addition to choosing the President of the Republic, the Governors of State and the Federal District, Senators and Federal, State and District Deputies, granted new mayors to many cities in the country. This happened due to article 14, §6, of the Constitution, establishing that:

To run for other positions, the President of the Republic, the State and Federal District Governors and the Mayors must resign their respective mandates up to six months before the election. — Article 14, §6, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brasil[5]

Thus, many mayors, wishing to run for other positions, had to resign their mandate until 5 April 2018, starting a new management in such municipalities. Those who took on such management would be responsible for the remaining period, that is, until 31 December 2020.

The following mayors resigned from their post to be a candidate for governor in 2018:

Of the mayors mentioned above, only one was successful, João Dória, the others, in addition to not winning the elections they disputed, lost their positions as Mayor.[11][12][13][14]

In March 2020, a discussion involving the postponement of the election surrounded the Congress, due to the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil. Some mayors and federal deputies propose that the election should be rescheduled to 2021 or 2022, fusing with the 2022 general election.[15][16][17] Both President of the Superior Electoral Court, Justice Rosa Weber, and President of the Chamber of Deputies, deputy Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ), state that it is "a premature debate" and that it could cause "a very large institutional risk", respectively.[18][19] Federal deputy Aécio Neves (PSDB-MG) filed in a bill to postpone the election to October 2022 and unify all the elections, reduce the term length for senators to four years, ban re-election for executive seats (president, governors and mayors) and increase their term length to five years.[20]

The year 2020 marks the entry of Generation Z into the electoral race, with the youngest group being between 18 and 20 years old,[21] the increase in the number of applications from religious priests[22] and the multiplication of candidates who present themselves armed and in favor of armamentism.[23]

Election system

Mayoral election

The mayoral election has a difference depending on the population of the municipality in question. In municipalities with up to 200,000 voters the first-past-the-post system is used, while in municipalities more than 200,000 the two-round system is used, in compliance with article 77 of the Constitution.[5]

The Municipality will be governed by an organic law, voted in two rounds, with a minimum intersection of ten days, and approved by two-thirds of the members of the City Council, who will promulgate it, in compliance with the principles established in this Constitution, in the Constitution of the respective State and the following precepts:

I - election of the Mayor, the Vice-Mayor and the Councilors, for a term of four years, by means of a direct and simultaneous election held throughout the country;

II - election of the Mayor and the Vice-Mayor held on the first Sunday of October of the year preceding the end of the mandate of those who must succeed, applying the rules of art. 77, in the case of Municipalities with more than two hundred thousand voters;

III - inauguration of the Mayor and the Vice-Mayor on January 1 of the year following the election;

IV - for the composition of the City Councils, the maximum limit of:

[Limited number of members of the City Councils in the country according to the number of inhabitants, ranging from 9 councilors (for cities with uo 15,000 people) to 55 councilors (for cities with more than 8,000,000, only one Municipality: São Paulo)]

[...]

— Article 29 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil[5]

The election of the President and Vice-President of the Republic will take place, simultaneously, on the first Sunday of October, in the first round, and on the last Sunday of October, in the second round, if any, of the previous year. the end of the current presidential term.

§1. The election of the President of the Republic will import that of the Vice-President registered with him.

§2. The candidate who, registered by a political party, obtains an absolute majority of votes will be considered elected, not counting the blank and null votes.

§3. If no candidate reaches an absolute majority in the first vote, a new election will be held within twenty days after the result is proclaimed, with the two most voted candidates running and the one with the most valid votes being considered elected.

§4. If, before the second round takes place, death, withdrawal or legal impediment of a candidate occurs, the one with the most votes will be called, among the remainder.

§5. If, in the hypothesis of the previous paragraphs, more than one candidate with the same vote remains in second place, the oldest will be qualified.

— Article 77 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.[5]

City Council election

The election for City Councils uses the system of proportional representation by open list, however, unlike previous elections, there will be no formation of coalitions for Municipal Legislative Powers, so each party will form a separate list.[4][24]

Results

Results in capitals
Result
Capital State Mayor Vice mayor Coalition
Aracaju Sergipe Edvaldo Nogueira (PDT) Katarina Feitoza (PSD) PDT, PSD; PP, PSC, MDB, PCdoB; PV, Podemos, Solidariedade; Republicanos;
Belém Pará Edmilson Rodrigues (PSOL) Edilson Moura (PT) PSOL, PT, PDT, REDE, PCdoB, UP
Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Alexandre Kalil (PSD) Fuad Noman (PSD) PSD, MDB, DC, PP, PV, REDE, Avante, PDT
Boa Vista Roraima Arthur Henrique (MDB) Cássio Gomes (MDB) MDB;

PMB; Avante,

Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Marquinhos Trad (PSD) Adriane Lopes ( PATRI) PSD; PATRI; PTB; DEM; PSDB; PTB; PSB; PCdoB, Republicanos; Cidadania
Cuiabá Mato Grosso Emanuel Pinheiro (MDB) Stopa (PV) MDB;

PMB; PTC SD; PV Republicanos PL; PSDB PTB PP; PCdoB

Curitiba Paraná Rafael Greca (DEM) Eduardo Pimentel (PSD) DEM; PSD; PP; PSB; PSC; PMN; PRTB; Cidadania; Republicanos
Florianópolis Santa Catarina Gean Loureiro (DEM) Topázio Neto (Republicanos) DEM; Republicanos; PSD; PODE; PSC
Fortaleza Ceará José Sarto (PDT) Élcio Batista (PSB) PDT; PSB; PP; PTB; PL; PSD; Cidadania; REDE; DEM; PSDB
Goiânia Goiás Maguito Vilela (MDB) Rogério Cruz (Republicanos) MDB

Republicanos; PMB; PTC; PATRI; PL; PCdoB

João Pessoa Paraíba Cícero Lucena ( PP) Léo Bezerra (Cidadania) PP;

Cidadania; PMN; PTB; Republicanos; PTC; PMN; Avante, PRTB; PMB

Macapá Amapá TBA TBA TBA
Maceió Alagoas JHC (PSB) Ronaldo Lessa (PDT) PSB; PDT; PSDB
Manaus Amazonas David Almeida (Avante) Marcos Rotta(DEM) Avante,

DEM; PTC; PMB; PROS PV; PRTB

Natal Rio Grande do Norte Álvaro Dias (PSDB) Aíla Cortez (PDT) PSDB; PDT; MDB; Avante, PL; Republicanos; REDE: DEM; PSD
Palmas Tocantins Cinthia Ribeiro (PSDB) Lucas Meira (PSB) PSDB; MDB; REDE; DEM; PATRI; Avante
Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Sebastião Melo (MDB) Ricardo Gomes (MDB) MDB, DEM, Cidadania; SD; DC; e PRTB
Porto Velho Rondônia Hildon Chaves (PSDB) Maurício Carvalho (PSDB) PSDB;

PSD PL; DEM

Recife Pernambuco João Campos (PSB) Isabella de Roldão (PDT) PSB; PDT;

MDB; Republicanos; PP; PSD; PCdoB; Avante; SD; PROS; PV; REDE

Rio Branco Acre Tião Bocalom ( PP) Marfiza Galvão (PSD) PP;

PSD

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Eduardo Paes (DEM) Nilton Caldeira (PL) DEM, PL, Cidadania; DC; PV; Avante, PSDB;
Salvador Bahia Bruno Reis (DEM) Ana Paula Matos (PDT) DEM; PDT; Republicanos; MDB; SD, Cidadania; PL; PSL; PSC; Patriota; PSDB; PV; DC; PMN; PTB
São Luís Maranhão Eduardo Braide (Podemos) Professora Esmênia(PSD) Podemos, PSD, PSDB, PSC; PMN
São Paulo São Paulo Bruno Covas (PSDB) Ricardo Nunes (MDB) PSDB; MDB, Podemos; PP; PSC; PL; Cidadania; DEM; PTC; PV; PROS
Teresina Piauí Dr. Pessoa (MDB) Robert Rios (PSB) MDB; PSB, PRTB
Vitória Espirito Santo Delegado Pazolini (Republicanos) Capitã Estéfane (Republicanos) Republicanos;

MDB; DEM; PTC; Solidariedade;

Note: Macapá postponed the first round to December 6 and the second round to December 20 because of a major blackout in Amapá. This did not happen in other municipalities in the state.[25]

National level

In the 2016 municipal elections, parties had the following votes at national level: [26][27][28][29]

Mayoral Election
Party 2016 Votes 2020 Votes Swing Mayors Elected in 2016 Mayors Elected in 2020 Swing
PSDB 17,633,653 803 520 -283
MDB (former PMDB) 15,026,090 1,037 784 -253
PSB 8,407,656 415 252 -163
PSD 8,085,600 541 654 113
PT 6,795,749 255 183 -72
PDT 6,404,512 336 314 -22
PP 5,747,833 495 685 190
DEM 4,937,238 267 464 197
PL (former PR) 4,553,814 298 343 45
REP (former PRB) 3,882,124 105 211 106
PTB 3,565,309 261 212 -49
CDN (former PPS) 2,621,541 122 139 17
PSOL 2,098,633 2 5 3
PCdoB 1,781,388 83 46 -37
PSC 1,761,906 88 116 28
PV 1,691,428 102 47 -55
SD 1,469,099 63 94 31
REDE 995,447 6 5 -1
PHS 957,467 Merged with PODE 38 Merged with PODE[30]
PMN 797,497 28 13 15
PODE (former PTN) 697,627 29 102 73
PROS 687,250 53 41 -12
PSL 487,592 31 90 59
PMB 283,369 4 1 -3
PATRI (former PEN) 286,493 14 49 35
PRP 280,645 Merged with PATRI[30] 18 Merged with PATRI[30]
PTC 268,155 15 1 -14
Avante (former PTdoB) 267,680 13 82 69
DC (former PSDC) 211,648 9 1 -8
PRTB 162,418 9 6 -3
PPL 158,650 Merged with PCdoB[30] 4 Merged with PCdoB[30]
PSTU 78,256 - - 0
NOVO 38,512 - 1 1
PCB 24,501 - - 0
PCO 5,689 - - 0
UP[31] New New New - New
Source: Uol[32]

References
  1. "Saiba quais regras vão vigorar nas eleições municipais de 2020". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  2. "Eleições 2020: confira as datas do calendário eleitoral". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  3. "Eleições 2020: confira as datas do calendário eleitoral". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  4. "Eleição de 2020 já tem mais de 200 pré-candidatos a prefeituras de capitais". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 5 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  5. "Constituição da república federativa do Brasil de 1988". www.planalto.gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  6. "Você sabia? Além de Amastha, outros quatros prefeitos renunciaram os cargos no TO | Gazeta do Cerrado |". | Gazeta do Cerrado | (in Portuguese). 9 April 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  7. "Prefeito de Natal anuncia renúncia ao cargo e pré-candidatura ao Governo do RN". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  8. "Com renúncia de Marcus Alexandre, PT perde único prefeito entre as Capitais". ContilNet - O Acre em um só lugar - Portal de Notícias do Acre (in Portuguese). 27 March 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  9. "Doria renuncia ao cargo, e Bruno Covas é o novo prefeito de São Paulo". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 6 April 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  10. "José Ronaldo deixa o cargo de prefeito de Feira de Santana". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  11. "Resultado da apuração das Eleições 2018 - Acre para governador, senador, deputado federal e deputado estadual". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  12. "Resultado da apuração do 2º turno das Eleições 2018 - Rio Grande do Norte (RN) para governador, senador, deputado federal e deputado estadual". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  13. "João Doria, do PSDB, é eleito governador de São Paulo". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  14. "Resultado da apuração das Eleições 2018 - Bahia para governador, senador, deputado federal e deputado estadual". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  15. "Prefeitos defendem adiamento de eleições e votação única" (in Portuguese). Estado de Minas. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  16. Borges, Laryssa (29 March 2020). "Centrão deve intensificar em abril movimento para adiar eleições" (in Portuguese). Veja. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  17. "Senadores defendem adiamento das eleições municipais para 2022" (in Portuguese). Senado Notícias. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  18. Sanches, Mariana (29 March 2020). "Coronavírus pode causar o adiamento das eleições nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil?" (in Portuguese). BBC News Brasil. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  19. Calcagno, Luiz (27 March 2020). "Adiar eleição é um 'risco institucional muito grande', afirma Maia" (in Portuguese). Correio Braziliense. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  20. Alves, Fransciny (27 March 2020). "Aécio apresentará projeto para unificação das eleições e mandato de cinco anos" (in Portuguese). O Tempo. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  21. "A estreia dos candidatos da geração Z" [The debut of the Z generation candidates] (in Portuguese). 28 September 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  22. "Puxadas por Universal, candidaturas de sacerdotes religiosos batem recorde em 2020" [Pulled by Universal, applications from religious priests break record in 2020]. Agência Pública (in Portuguese). 5 October 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  23. "Candidatos armados se multiplicam nas campanhas eleitorais" [Armed candidates multiply in election campaigns] (in Portuguese). 5 November 2020. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  24. "Entenda as mudanças na lei eleitoral que agora barram coligações para o Legislativo". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 16 September 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  25. https://g1.globo.com/ap/amapa/eleicoes/2020/noticia/2020/11/18/tre-do-amapa-decide-que-1o-turno-das-eleicoes-municipais-em-macapa-sera-no-dia-6-de-dezembro.ghtml
  26. "PSDB e MDB perdem o maior nº de prefeituras e PT encolhe pela 2ª eleição seguida; DEM e PP são os que mais ganham em 2020". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  27. "Votos para prefeito que cada partido recebeu no Brasil". UOL (in Portuguese). Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  28. "Votos para prefeito que cada partido recebeu no Brasil". Metropoles (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  29. "MDB encolhe, mas lidera ranking de prefeitos eleitos; PP e PSD crescem e ocupam 2ª e 3ª posições0". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  30. "Lista de partidos políticos brasileiros extintos", Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre (in Portuguese), 14 December 2019, retrieved 30 January 2020
  31. "TSE aprova registro do estatuto e do órgão de direção nacional do partido Unidade Popular (UP)". www.tse.jus.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  32. "Raio-x do 2º turno". www.uol. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
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