2010 JO179

2010 JO179 is a high-order resonant trans-Neptunian object and a likely dwarf-planet candidate from the outermost regions of the Solar System, approximately 700 kilometers in diameter.[4] Long-term observations suggest that the object is in a meta-stable 5:21 resonance with Neptune.[4] Other sources classify it as a scattered disc object.[5][6]

2010 JO179
Discovery [1][2]
Discovered byPan-STARRS 1
Discovery siteHaleakala Obs.
Discovery date10 May 2010
(first observed only)
Designations
2010 JO179
TNO [3] · 5:21 res [4]
SDO [5][6] · distant [1]
p-DP [7]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 2
Observation arc69.54 yr (25,399 days)
Earliest precovery date4 February 1951 (POSS-I)[1]
Aphelion117.997 AU
Perihelion39.590 AU
78.793 AU
Eccentricity0.49755
699.43 yr (255,466 d)
35.211°
0° 0m 5.04s / day[3]
Inclination32.025°
147.350°
1951-Sep-12
10.427°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
597 km[7]
735 km[5]
600–900 km[4]
30.6 h[4]
30.6324 h (best fit)[4]
0.07 ~ 0.21 (estimated)[4]
0.10 (assumed)[7]
0.09 (assumed)[5]
G–R = 0.88±0.21 (red)[4]
3.44±0.10 (R-band)[4]
4.0[3][1]
4.3 (Brown)[7]

    First observation and orbit
    The libration of 2010 JO179's nominal orbit, in a frame co-rotating with Neptune (click image to view animation)

    The Minor Planet Center credits the object's first official observation on 10 May 2010 to Pan-STARRS (F51) at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States.[1][2] The observations were made by Pan-STARRS' Outer Solar System Survey.[4] There are 4 February 1951 precovery images from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey, extending the observation arc by approximately 60 years.[1] The precovery images are from the same year the object came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun).

    2010 JO179 orbits the Sun at a distance of 39.6–118 AU once every 699 years and 5 months (semi-major axis of 78.8 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.50 and an inclination of 32° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]

    Physical characteristics

    Photometry

    Photometric observations of 2010 JO179 gave a monomodal lightcurve with slow rotation period of 30.6 hours, suggesting a rather spherical shape with significant albedo patchiness. An alternative period solution of a bimodal lightcurve is considered less likely. It would double the period and imply an ellipsoidal shape with an axis-ratio of at least 1.58.[4]

    Diameter and albedo

    The object's mean diameter has been estimated to measure 574 and 735 kilometers, with an assumed albedo of 0.09, by Michael Brown and the Johnston's Archive respectively,[5][7] while the discoverers estimate a diameter of 600–900 kilometers with an estimated albedo of 0.21 to 0.07.[4] In his classification scheme, astronomer Michael Brown considers this object a likely dwarf planet, rather than a "highly likely" one, as his diameter-estimate is below the 600-kilometer mark.[7]

    Numbering and naming

    As of 2018, this minor planet has not been numbered or named.[1]

    References
    1. "2010 JO179". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
    2. "MPEC 2017-S54 : 2010 JO179". Minor Planet Center. 18 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2010 JO179)" (2020-08-19 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
    4. Holman, Matthew J.; Payne, Matthew J.; Fraser, Wesley; Lacerda, Pedro; Bannister, Michele T.; Lackner, Michael; et al. (2018). "A dwarf planet class object in the 21:5 resonance with Neptune". The Astrophysical Journal. 855 (1): L6. arXiv:1709.05427. Bibcode:2018ApJ...855L...6H. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaadb3. S2CID 55279330.
    5. Johnston, Wm. Robert (15 October 2017). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
    6. "List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
    7. Michael E. Brown. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 15 December 2017.

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