(35671) 1998 SN165

(35671) 1998 SN165, provisional designation 1998 SN165, is a trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper belt located in the outermost region of the Solar System. It was discovered on 23 September 1998, by American astronomer Arianna Gleason at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona.[1] The cold classical Kuiper belt object is a dwarf planet candidate, as it measures approximately 400 kilometers (250 miles) in diameter. It has a grey-blue color and a rotation period of 8.8 hours.[14]

(35671) 1998 SN165
Discovery [1]
Discovered byA. Gleason
Discovery siteKitt Peak Obs.
Discovery date23 September 1998
Designations
(35671) 1998 SN165
1998 SN165
TNO [2] · cubewano [3][4]  
p-DP [5] · distant [1]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 2 · 1[1]
Observation arc19.03 yr (6,949 d)
Aphelion39.334 AU
Perihelion36.309 AU
37.821 AU
Eccentricity0.0400
232.60 yr (84,958 d)
290.41°
0° 0m 15.12s / day
Inclination4.6125°
192.11°
≈ 15 July 2065[6]
±9 days
265.75°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
393±39 km[3][7]
446±80 km[8]
460±80 km[9]
473 km (radiometric)[5]
8.84 h[10]
0.043[5][9]
0.060[3][7]
BB (grey-blue)[11]
BR = 1.13[3] · 1.123[12]
BV = 0.712[13] · 0.710[11]
VR = 0.444[13] · 0.420[11]
VI = 0.861[13] · 0.820[11]
5.5[1][2]

    Orbit and classification

    1998 SN165 orbits the Sun at a distance of 36.3–39.3 AU once every 232 years and 7 months (semi-major axis of 37.82 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 4.6° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The body's observation arc begins at Kitt Peak in September 1998, just eight nights prior to its official discovery observation.[1]

    As a cubewano, also known as classical Kuiper belt object,[3][4] 1998 SN165 is located in between the resonant plutino and twotino populations and has a low-eccentricity orbit. It belongs to the cold population, distinct from the "stirred" hot population with inclinations higher than 5°. In a previous publication, the object was originally classified as a plutino.[15]

    Numbering and naming

    This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 27 February 2002 and received the number 35671 in the minor planet catalog (M.P.C. 44869).[16] As of 2019, it has not been named.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    1998 SN165 has a blue-grey color (BB),[11] with various color indices measured,[8][14] giving a difference between the blue and red filter magnitude (BR) of 1.123 and 1.13, respectively.[3][12][13]

    Rotation period

    In February 2001, a rotational lightcurve of 1998 SN165 was obtained from photometric observations by Pedro Lacerda and Jane Luu. Lightcurve analysis gave an ambiguous rotation period of 8.84 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.16 magnitude (U=2). An alternative period of 8.70 hours is also possible.[10][14]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to observations by the space-based Herschel and Spitzer telescopes, 1998 SN165 measures between 393 and 460 kilometers and its surface has a low albedo between 0.043 and 0.060.[7][8][9] While Johnston's Archive adopts a diameter of 393 kilometers, astronomer Michael Brown gives a radiometric diameter of 473 kilometers and lists this object as a "probable" dwarf planet (400–500 km), which is the category with the second lowest certainty in his 5-class taxonomic system.[5] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 334 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 5.5.[14] A generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion with an albedo of 0.9 gives a diameter of 352 kilometers.[17]

    References
    1. "35671 (1998 SN165)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 35671 (1998 SN165)" (2017-09-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    3. Johnston, Wm. Robert (7 October 2018). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    4. "Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 35671". Southwest Research Institute. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    5. Brown, Michael E. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    6. JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 3-sigma.)
    7. Vilenius, E.; Kiss, C.; Müller, T.; Mommert, M.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Pál, A.; et al. (April 2014). ""TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. X. Analysis of classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel and Spitzer observations". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 564: 18. arXiv:1403.6309. Bibcode:2014A&A...564A..35V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322416.
    8. "Asteroid (35671) 1998 SN165". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    9. Stansberry, John; Grundy, Will; Brown, Michael E.; Cruikshank, Dale; Spencer, John; Trilling, David; Margot, Jean-Luc (2008). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope". In M. Antonietta Barucci; Hermann Boehnhardt; Dale P. Cruikshank; Alessandro Morbidelli (eds.). The Solar System beyond Neptune. University of Arizona Press. arXiv:astro-ph/0702538. Bibcode:2008ssbn.book..161S.
    10. Lacerda, Pedro; Luu, Jane (April 2006). "Analysis of the Rotational Properties of Kuiper Belt Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (4): 2314–2326. arXiv:astro-ph/0601257. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.2314L. doi:10.1086/501047.
    11. Belskaya, Irina N.; Barucci, Maria A.; Fulchignoni, Marcello; Dovgopol, Anatolij N. (April 2015). "Updated taxonomy of trans-neptunian objects and centaurs: Influence of albedo". Icarus. 250: 482–491. Bibcode:2015Icar..250..482B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.004.
    12. Peixinho, N.; Delsanti, A.; Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.; Gafeira, R.; Lacerda, P. (October 2012). "The bimodal colors of Centaurs and small Kuiper belt objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 12. arXiv:1206.3153. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..86P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219057.
    13. Hainaut, O. R.; Boehnhardt, H.; Protopapa, S. (October 2012). "Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 20. arXiv:1209.1896. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A.115H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219566.
    14. "LCDB Data for (35671)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    15. Gil-Hutton, R.; Licandro, Javier (August 2001). "VR Photometry of Sixteen Kuiper Belt Objects". Icarus. 152 (2): 246–250. Bibcode:2001Icar..152..246G. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6627.
    16. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
    17. "Asteroid Size Estimator". CNEOS NASA/JPL. Retrieved 5 January 2019.

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