Zawiyas in Algeria

The Zawiyas in Algeria are religious buildings located in Algeria honoring the memory of patron saints and dedicated to Quranic and religious education. They are affiliated with Sufi Torouq brotherhoods under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments in accordance with the precepts of the Algerian islamic reference.[1][2]

History

Zawiya Thaalibia

The history of the zawiyas in Algeria is linked to that of the Sufi or Tourouq brotherhoods which merge with the Sufism which was their inspiration and founder.[3]

It was with the advent of the fifteenth century that the movement to create these spiritual retreats intensified with the decline of the Muslim world in the Machrek as in the Maghreb.[4]

The large Muslim cities lost their scientific and spiritual influence when the last Muslim dynasties lost educational and initiatory control over the mass of Muslim faithful due to the fragmentation of territories between rival emirates.[5]

The current Algerian territory was thus torn between two Berber Muslim dynasties that were the Zianid kingdom of Tlemcen to the west and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis to the east.[6]

Religious education in the Maghreb was then concentrated in Fez in the Al Quaraouiyine mosque, and in the Great Mosque of Kairouan.[7]

As for the central part bordering the two dynasties Zianide and Hafside, it saw its great intellectual centers in Cherchell and Béjaïa being reduced to their simplest formal expression.[8]

To save Quranic teaching in this conflicting central Maghreb, which later became Algeria, the village customary authorities took charge of safeguarding the Muslim cult by erecting zawiyas in each confederation of tribes.[9]

Scholarly students were selected at the end of the fourteenth century and the beginning of the fifteenth century after preliminary local Quranic studies to then be sent to the Al-Azhar mosque in Egypt, passing either through Fez or Kairouan, to perfect their skills and doctrinal training.[10]

The return of these hundreds of Maghrebian theologians after a journey of several years of study in the Machrek, and their installation in the Eastern Zianid and Western Hafsid villages, allowed the creation of the Zawiyas which perpetuated the Muslim influence despite the civilizational decline that then fell on the south of the Mediterranean basin.[11]

The advent of the reconquista and the massive exodus of Andalusian Moors, towards the coast and the coastal urban centers of the Maghreb, brought with them a version of Muslim mystic inherited from Ibn Arabi and Abdul Qadir Gilani for to become embedded in the landscape of Maghrebian Sufism.[12]

This is how the Qadiriyya tariqa spread across the central Maghreb and saw the emergence of notable theologians and ascetics like Sidi Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi who had his Zawiya Thaalibia built next to Thaalibi Mosque in the Casbah of Algiers.[13]

Quran recitation

The Quran is the main subject taught in each zawiya in Algeria where the reading of the Quran is done according to the canonical method of Warsh recitation, by way of Al-Azraq and Al-Isfahani (death 908 CE), which is assumed in this religious institution.

Before the advent of modern mechanized printing, Algerian zawiyas relied on manuscripts of the Holy Quran for the reading and recitation of verses and suras, but the founding of the Thaalibia Publishing in 1895 for the first time made it possible to produce the Thaalibia Quran written with the Maghrebi script, and this Mus'haf was used until 1979 as the official Mus'haf of the zawiyas in particular and of the Algerians in general.

The burgeoning popularity of the Kufic script for transcribing the Arabic language into Algerian textbooks forced zawiyas and mosques to produce a printed version of the Holy Quran in 1979 named Algeria Quran according to this Kufic script.

Teachings

Zawiya of Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine

Several Islamic sciences are taught in the Algerian zawiyas, as the Hadith which is taught on the basis of Al-Muwatta compiled by Imam Malik ibn Anas.

This is how the fiqh according to the Malikite Madhhab is observed in the courts of each zawiya which is based on the body of the Mukhtasar Khalil written by Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi.

Another reference of the Malikite fiqh dispensed in this zawiya is the Risala fiqhiya written by Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani.

A third Malikite fiqh reference inculcated in this zawiya is Matn Ibn Ashir written by Abdul Wahid Ibn Ashir.

The Arabic language is taught on the basis of the text of the Al-Alfiyya of Ibn Malik composed by Ibn Malik.

The syntax of the Arabic language is taught on the basis of the text of the Al-Ajurrumiyya composed by Ibn Adjurrum.

The teaching of this same syntax is based on the text of Qatr al-Nada composed by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari.

Idjazates

The talibe receives in the zawiya a certificate called Idjaza at the end of each level of his teaching to certify his pedagogical success.

This Idjaza, in addition to opening the talibe the professional doors of recruitment in the sector of religious affairs as mudaris or muezzin or imam, allows him to be gratified in the Sufi Tariqa with a Sanad level in the Silsila of the Shuyukhs.

Ceremonies

The zawiyas as popular religious institutions participate in social life through activities combining the spiritual with the festive.

Thus the daily and periodic collective recitation of the Quran such as the Hizb Rateb and the Salka is at the center of the activity of each zawiya.

The ceremonies linked to the Mawlid and to the memory of the ancient Sufis in the Haḍra and the Ziyarat are also part of the social activities of these Quranic schools.

Other social festivals with religious connotations see the participation of the zawiyas in their organization and joviality such as the Ashura, the Sebiba, the Tweeza, the Wezeea and the Mawsim.

Tariqas

Zawiya of Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine in Bounouh.

Each one of the Algerian Zawiyas is affiliated to a Sufi Tariqa among:[14][15][16]`

Alawiyya[17]
Chabiyya[18]
Darqawiyya[19]
Dardouriyya[20]
Habibiyya[21]
Hansaliyya[22]
Isawiyya[23]
Karzaziyya[24]
Khalwatiyya[25]
Madyaniyya[26]
Nasiriyya[27]
Omariyya[28]
Ouazzaniyya[29]
Qadiriyya[30]
Rahmaniyya[31]
Senusiyya[32]
Shadhiliyya
Sheikhiyya[33]
Taïbiyya[34]
Tijaniyya[35]
Youssoufiyya[36]
Zaïaniyya[37]
Zarrouqiyya[38]

Zawiyas

Zawiya of El Hamel in El Hamel.

More than 1600 Zawiyas were existing in Algeria before its independence in 1962, among them:[39][40][41]

Zawiya Thaalibia in Algiers.
Zawiya Thaalibia in the Issers.
Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif in Sidi Daoud.
Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi in Tidjelabine.
Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine in Algiers.
Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine in Bounouh.
Zawiyet Sidi Saadi in Algiers.
Zawiyet Sidi Amar in Algiers.
Zawiya Belkaïdia in Algiers.
Zawiya Belkaïdia in Oran.
Zawiyet El Hamel in El Hamel.
Zawiyet Sidi Brahim Boushaki in Thenia.
Zawiyet Sidi M'Hamed Saadi in Aafir.
Zawiyet Sidi Ali Debbaghi in Beni Amrane.
Zawiyet Sidi Ghobrini in Khemis El-Khechna.
Zawiyet Sidi Salem in Boudouaou.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] ttps://www.marw.dz/

[2] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=_GT8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107#v=onepage&q&f=false

[3] ttp://quintessences.unblog.fr/2017/09/24/les-confreries-religieuses-en-algerie/

[4] ttp://histoiredelalgerie.over-blog.com/article-l-etat-algerien-les-zawiyya-et-les-turuq-111069703.html

[5] ttps://www.persee.fr/doc/rhmc_0048-8003_1954_num_1_3_2576

[6] ttp://niarunblog.unblog.fr/lalgerie-a-travers-la-presse/le-1er-mai-2009-en-algerie/pour-une-justice-liberee/soufisme-et-zaouia-en-algerie/

[7] ttp://kabyleuniversel.com/2012/12/30/ces-kabyles-par-qui-jure-alger-2-sidi-mhamed-bou-qobrine/

[8] ttps://jijel-archeo.123.fr/histoire/index.php?folder=histoire_jijel&page=ulema-djidjelli

[9] ttps://www.algerie1.com/actualite/conference-a-adrar-sur-les-zaouias-du-touat-et-limportance-des-manuscrits

[10] ttps://www.tifrit.info/village-algerien-kabyle-tifrit-nath-oumalek/48-zaouia/64--organisation-des-confreries-au-sein-des-zaouias?showall=1

[11] ttp://kenadsa.e-monsite.com/pages/les-confreries-du-sud-algerien.html

[12] ttps://reflexionsetcommentaires.blogspot.com/2014/04/algerie-la-zaouia-pilier-historique-de.html

[13] ttp://ethnopolis-net.over-blog.com/2014/12/le-soufisme-algerien-a-l-epoque-coloniale.html

[14] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q&f=false

[15] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q&f=false

[16] ttps://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2011/2/17/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1

[17] ttps://www.djazairess.com/ennahar/36880

[18] ttps://al-maktaba.org/book/33512/1777

[19] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q&f=false

[20] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=sDBxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA242#v=onepage&q&f=false

[21] ttps://journals.openedition.org/insaniyat/5515?lang=ar

[22] ttps://islahway.com/v2/index.php/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9/item/543-2014-05-26-16-17-40

[23] ttps://al-maktaba.org/book/33512/1575

[24] ttps://al-maktaba.org/book/33512/1579

[25] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=yAFrDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

[26] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA129#v=onepage&q&f=false

[27] ttps://www.naciriya.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2/

[28] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q&f=false

[29] ttps://essalihine.yoo7.com/t178-topic

[30] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q&f=false

[31] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151#v=onepage&q&f=false

[32] ttps://www.djazairess.com/alfadjr/177882

[33] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=9eVhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false

[34] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q&f=false

[35] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false

[36] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q&f=false

[37] ttp://www.nebrasselhaq.com/home/item/1401-%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%91%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%91%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1-2

[38] ttps://books.google.dz/books?id=OOfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q&f=false

[39] ttps://platform.almanhal.com/Files/2/111867

[40] ttps://www.echoroukonline.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%88/

[41] ttps://www.djazairess.com/djelfa/2131

Zawiyas in Algeria
Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments - Algerian islamic reference
Zawiyas	Zawiya Thaalibia_(Algiers) Zawiya Thaalibia_(Issers) Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif_{(Sidi Daoud)} Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi_{(Tidjelabine)} Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine_(Algiers) Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine_(Bounouh) Zawiyet Sidi Saadi_(Algiers) Zawiyet Sidi Amar_(Algiers) Zawiya Belkaïdia_(Algiers) Zawiya Belkaïdia_(Oran) Zawiyet El Hamel_{(El Hamel)} Zawiyet Sidi Brahim Boushaki_(Thenia) Zawiyet Sidi M'Hamed Saadi_(Aafir) Zawiyet Sidi Ali Debbaghi_{(Beni Amrane)} Zawiyet Sidi Ghobrini_{(Khemis El-Khechna)} Zawiyet Sidi Salem_(Boudouaou)
Tariqas	Alawiyya Chabiyya Darqawiyya Dardouriyya Habibiyya Hansaliyya Isawiyya Karzaziyya Khalwatiyya Madyaniyya Omariyya Ouazzaniyya Naciriyya Qadiriyya Rahmaniyya Senusiyya Shadhiliyya Sheikhiyya Taïbiyya Tijaniyya Youssoufiyya Zaïaniyya Zarrouqiyya
Islam in Algeria - Muftis in Algiers - List of mosques in Algeria

Mosques in Algeria
Algiers	Djamaa Ben farès Ali Bitchin Mosque El Barani Mosque Djamaa el Djedid Djamaa el Kebir Djamaa el Djazaïr Ketchaoua Mosque Safir Mosque Shrine of Sidi Abder Rahman Mausoleum of Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine Djamaa Sidi Ramdane
Tlemcen	Mansourah Mosque El Mechouar Mosque Sidi Boumediene Mosque Sidi Bellahsen Mosque Great Mosque of Nedroma Great Mosque of Tlemcen
Oran	Abdellah Ben Salem Mosque Abdelhamid Ben Badis Mosque Hassan Pasha Mosque
other cities	1st November of 1954 Great Mosque Emir Abdelkader Mosque El Rahman Mosque Salah Bey Mosque Sidi Okba Mosque
Category Islam in Algeria Mosques by country

Sufism terminology
Sufis	Abdal Ahl al-Khutwa Al-Insān al-Kāmil Bash Hezzab Dervish Fakir Hafiz Hezzab Imam Khatib Majzoob Marabout Mudaqiq Muqaddam Muqarrab Murshid Mutahaqiq Murid Nass al-Houdhour Pir Qalandar Qāriʾ Qutb Rabbani Salik Sheikh Siddiq Sufis ranks Talibe The Seven ranks Wali Wassil
Concepts	Aayane Aayane Thabita Aql Baqaa Dhawq Fana Ghaflah Haal Hijab Ihsan Ishq Ismul Azam Lataif-e-Sitta Maqaam Nafs Qalb Ran Rouh Sadr Yaqeen
Awrads	Dhikr Djamaa Djoua Dua Ibara Ichara Latifa Lazimi Muhasabah Muraqabah Raising hands in Dua Sabr Sahar Salat al-Fatih Salawat Samt Shuhud Shukr Sufism pillars Tafakur Tahara Tahlia Takhlia Tawajud Tawakkul Tawassul Tazkiah Uzla Wajd Wazifa Zarruqiyya Wird Zuhd
Waridates	Barakah Basira Bast Djadba Fath Haqiqa Hidayah Ilham Irfan Ishrak Karamat Kashf Khatir Ma'rifa Nūr Qabdh Rabita Ru'ia Sirr Tajalli Uns Walayah Warid
Misconducts	Rahbaniya Shath Wihdat Shuhud Zandaqa
Ceremonies	Ashura Bay'ah Haḍra Hizb Rateb Idjaza Mawlid Mawsim Salka Sbooa Sebiba Silsila Sufi orders Tariqa Tweeza Wezeea Ziyarat
Arts	Ashewiq Madih nabawi Nasheed Naʽat Qawwali Sama Sufi cosmology Sufism history Sufi metaphysics Sufi music Sufis persecution Sufi philosophy Sufi poetry Sufi psychology Sufi whirling
Places	Daara Dargah Datuk Keramat Eidgah Gonbad Gongbei Jama masjid Jama'at Khana Khalwa Khanqah Külliye Kuttab Madrasa Maqam Maqbara Mausoleum Mazar Mosque Musalla Qubba Rauza Ribat Surau Tekyeh Turbah Türbe Zawiya
Objects	Ammama Balgha Burnous Djellaba Gandoura Jellabiya Khirqa Misbaha Miswak Prayer rug Qashabiya Tagelmust Taqiyah Tarboosh Turban

Muslim scholars of the Maliki School
by century (AH CE)
2nd/8th	Malik ibn Anas (founder of the school) Ibn al-Qasim Ibn Wahb Ali ibn Ziyad
3rd/9th	Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam Asad ibn al-Furat Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi Sahnun
4th/10th	Abu Imran al-Fasi Ibn Abi Zayd Sidi Mahrez
5th/11th	Al-Baqillani Ibn 'Abd al-Barr Al-Baji Al-Lakhmi Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab Al-Lamti
6th/12th	At-Turtushi Al-Maziri Qadi Ayyad Averroes Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi Ibn Barrajan Al-Suhayli Al-Tamimi
7th/13th	Ibn Ata Allah Al-Qurtubi Al-Qarafi Al-Azafi Al-Qattan Ibn Rushayd Al-Zarwili
8th/14th	Ibn al-Haj Ibn Farhun Ash-Shatibi Ibn Juzayy Khalil ibn-Ishaq Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi Al-Sakkak
9th/15th	Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi Ibn Marzuq Ibn al-Azraq Ibn 'Arafa Ibn Khaldun Ibn Faïd Ahmad Zarruq Ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi
10th/16th	Al-Akhdari Al-Hattab Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq Al-Wansharisi Ibn Abi Jum'ah Al-Miknasi Al-Mandjur Al-Tamgruti
11th/17th	Al-Laqani Az-Zurqani Ibn Ashir Mayyara Muhammad al-Zurqani Al-Dila'i Al-Rahman al-Fasi Al-Qadir al-Fasi
12th/18th	Al-Bannani Ad-Dardir Al-Hajj al-Fasi Al-Tawudi ibn Suda Ibn al-Tayyib Al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi M'Hamed Al-Azhari
13th/19th	Ad-Desouki Al Alawi Muhammad 'Ilish Ahmed Harrak Srifi Ahmed Skirej Usman dan Fodio
14th/20th	Abdallah Bin Bayyah Muhammad al-Yaqoubi Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki Mohamed Taher ben Achour Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour Hamza Yusuf Othman Battikh Rashid Al Marikhi Ahmad al-Tayyeb Ahmad Karima
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence Hanafi Hanbali Shafi'i Zahiri

Muftis in Algiers
Maliki Muftis	Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi Ahmed Zouaoui Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine Ali ben El-Amine Mostafa El Kebabti Mostafa Kadiri H'mida Ammali Ali Ben El-Haffaf Belkacem El Hafnaoui Mohamed SaÎd Benzekri Mahmoud Bendali Hamoud Hamdane Mohamed Baba Ameur Ahmed Hammani Mohamed Charef Abderrahmane Djilali Mohamed Tahar Aït Aldjet
Hanafi Muftis	Mohamed ben Annabi Hamdan Khodja
Islam in Algeria - Algerian islamic reference