West Singhbhum district

West Singhbhum or Pashchimi Singhbhum is one of the 24 districts of Jharkhand state, India. It came into existence on 16 January 1990, when the old Singhbhum district was bifurcated. Chaibasa is the district headquarters.[1]

West Singhbhum district
District of Jharkhand
Location of West Singhbhum district in Jharkhand
CountryIndia
StateJharkhand
DivisionKolhan division
HeadquartersChaibasa
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesSinghbhum (shared with Seraikela Kharsawan district)
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencies5
Area
 • Total12,805 km2 (4,944 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total1,502,338
 • Density120/km2 (300/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy59.54 per cent
 • Sex ratio1001
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Average annual precipitation1422 mm
Websitehttp://chaibasa.nic.in/

The district is bounded on north by Khunti district, on the east by Saraikela Kharsawan district, on the south by Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj and Sundergarh districts of Odisha and on the west by Simdega district of Jharkhand and Sundergarh district of Odisha.

History

Several Iron slags, microlith, Potsherds have been discovered from Singhbhum district which are from 1400 BCE according to Carbon dating age.[2]

West Singhbhum is one of the oldest districts of Jharkhand. After the British conquest of Kolhan in 1837, a new district was consequently constituted to be known as Singhbhum with Chaibasa as its headquarters. Subsequently, three districts, namely East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Seraikela Kharsawan have been carved out of erstwhile Singhbhum district.[1]

West Singhbhum district came into existence when the old Singhbhum District bifurcated in 1990. With 9 community development blocks the Eastern part became East Singhbhum district with Jamshedpur as its headquarters and with remaining 23 blocks the larger Western part became West Singhbhum district with Chaibasa as its headquarters. In 2001 West Singhbhum again divided into two parts. With 8 blocks Saraikela-Kharsawan district came into existence. At present West Singhbhum remains with 15 blocks and two administrative sub-divisions.[1]

There are several accounts relating to the origin of the name of the district:

  • According to one the name Singhbhum, or the land of "Singhs" has been derived from the patronymic of the Singh Rajas of Porahat, the junior branch of whom went on to found the ruling "Singh Deo" family of Saraikela State.
  • A second account suggests that the name is a corrupt form of the Singh Bonga the principal deity of the district's tribal population.

It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.[3]

Geography

West Singhbhum district forms the Southern part of the newly created Jharkhand state and is the largest district in the state. The district spreads from 21.97°N to 23.60°N and from 85.00°E to 86.90°E. The district is situated at an average height of 244 metres above sea level and covers an area of 7629.679  km².

The district is covered with hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, and deep forests on the mountain slopes. It contains some of the best Sal tree forests and the famous Saranda forest. There are plenty of waterfalls and a large variety of wild life like elephants, bison, tigers, leopards, bear, wild dogs and wild boars. Sambar Deer and spotted deer are also found but their numbers are decreasing in the forests adjoining inhabited areas.

Rivers

Following are some of the rivers flowing in the West Singhbhum District: Koel, Karo-Koina, Kuju, Kharkai, Sanjai, Roro, Deo, and Baitarini.[4]

Mines and minerals

The greater part of West Singhbhum district is covered with deposits of iron-ore used for iron and steel industry. Other industrially important minerals including the following:

  • Chromite
  • Magnetite
  • Manganese
  • Kainite
  • Limestone
  • Iron Ore
  • Asbestos
  • Soap-stone

Administration

Blocks/Mandals

West Singhbhum district consists of 18 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in West Singhbhum district:

  1. Chaibasa
  2. Chakradharpur
  3. Khuntpani
  4. Jhinkpani
  5. Tonto
  6. Kumardungi
  7. Tantnagar
  8. Jagannathpur
  9. Manjhari
  10. Manjhgaon
  11. Noamundi
  12. Bandgaon
  13. Manoharpur
  14. Goilkera
  15. Sonua
  16. Gudri
  17. Anandpur
  18. Hatgamharia

Demographics
A potter from Chaibasa

According to the 2011 census West Singhbhum district has a population of 1,502,338,[5] roughly equal to the nation of Gabon[6] or the US state of Hawaii.[7] This gives it a ranking of 335th in India (out of a total of 640).[5] The district has a population density of 209 inhabitants per square kilometre (540/sq mi) .[5] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.69%.[5] Pashchimi Singhbhum has a sex ratio of 1004 females for every 1000 males,[5] and a literacy rate of 59.54%. Over 2/3 of the district's population is from Tribal community.[5]

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 54.37% of the population in the district spoke Ho, 18.74% Odia, 9.16% Mundari, 8.63% Hindi, 3.35% Santali, 1.96% Urdu, 1.80% Bengali and 1.15% Kurukh as their first language.[8]

The majority of the population of West Singhbhum consists of Ho tribals.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901356,991—    
1911398,590+1.11%
1921421,587+0.56%
1931515,137+2.02%
1941614,298+1.78%
1951667,390+0.83%
1961765,128+1.38%
1971879,564+1.40%
1981922,491+0.48%
19911,080,780+1.60%
20011,233,945+1.33%
20111,502,338+1.99%
source:[9]

Flora and fauna

West Singhbhum district is full of dense forests and hills and harbors a variety of flora and fauna.

References
  1. "About District | District West SinghBhum, Government of Jharkhand | India". Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  2. Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. p. 220. ISBN 9788131711200.
  3. "83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme". IntelliBriefs. 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
  4. "West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand". River Systempublisher = District administration. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
  5. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  6. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Gabon 1,576,665
  7. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Hawaii 1,360,301
  8. 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
  9. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901

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