Wedgwood, Seattle

Wedgwood is a middle class residential neighborhood of northeast Seattle, Washington with a modest commercial strip. Wedgwood is located about two miles (3.2 km) north, and slightly east, of the University of Washington; it is about six miles (9.7 km) northeast of Downtown. The neighborhood is further typical of Seattle neighborhoods in having more than one name and having different, overlapping, but well-documented definitions of the neighborhood.

Wedgwood
Seattle Neighborhood
The Picardo Farm P-Patch community garden in Wedgwood
Map of Wedgwood's location in Seattle

The misspelling Wedgewood is not uncommon—it is used by at least five businesses and even appears in the unofficial City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas[1][2]—but the origin and spelling of the name are clear: the neighborhood was named after the English bone china-maker Wedgwood, the favorite of the wife of Albert ("Al") Balch (1903–1976), the developer who named the neighborhood. Balch was also the founder of adjoining View Ridge.[1]

History
The Wedgwood Rock

The area has been inhabited since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8,000 BCE—10,000 years ago). The Dkhw'Duw'Absh, "the People of the Inside", and the xachua'bsh or hah-choo-AHBSH, "People of a Large Lake" or "Lake People", today the Duwamish tribe, Native Americans of the Lushootseed (Skagit-Nisqually) Coast Salish hunted and traveled through what is now Wedgwood.[3] The Wedgwood Rock, a glacial erratic boulder 19 ft (5.8 m) tall by 75 ft (23 m) circumference became the intersection of a number of trails through dense, old growth forest that covered what is now Seattle. The neighborhood has adopted Big Rock after it was protected from housing development in 1941.[1]

The land that formed the original core of Wedgwood, west of 35th Avenue NE between 80th and 85th Streets, was at one time a heavily wooded ginseng farm. Charles E. Thorpe had cleared a portion of his 40-acre (160,000 m2) tract north of the Seattle city limits of the time, building a log cabin from the wood of his own trees. By the 1920s, 35th Avenue NE was becoming a thoroughfare with homes and businesses (the first store opened in 1922), the electric (1923), water (1926), and sewer grids had been extended to the area, and it was becoming too urban for Thorpe's tastes. The Jesuit institution Seattle University paid Thorpe $65,000 for the property, planning to build a new campus there and move north from First Hill. Thorpe left Seattle, never to return.[4] [5]

One month later came the Stock Market Crash of 1929. The Great Depression put the Jesuits plans for the new campus on hold. Thorpe's cabin became St. Ignatius Parish in 1929; the congregation grew through the Depression years, although it was served at that time only by visiting priests. By 1940, the Jesuits had decided not to relocate Seattle University, and sold Thorpe's 40 acres (160,000 m2) to Albert Balch at a loss, for only $22,500, barely a third of what they had paid for the land in 1929.[4][6]

A Catholic presence remains in the neighborhood: the parish of St. Ignatius became the parish of Our Lady of the Lake at its present location on 35th Avenue at 89th Street NE (c. 1961).[7][8]

Wedgwood was the first Seattle neighborhood where considerable numbers of large trees were preserved when the neighborhood was built.

When Balch obtained the land from the Jesuits, it was still "completely undeveloped, heavily treed, and with only one structure," Thorpe's cabin. [9]

Major development of the neighborhood began during World War II with defense worker housing; initial development was largely by Balch and his partner Maury Setzer. Balch and Setzer built 500 homes on 40 acres (160,000 m², 16 hectares), constituting the center of today's Wedgwood neighborhood.[1] At the time, the area was north of Seattle city limits (Seattle ended at NE 65th Street). In its first act of community organizing, Wedgwood formed its own Volunteer Fire Department (Fire District #19), founded November 11, 1943, absorbed (with Wedgwood) into the city March 20, 1945. During its short life, the volunteer department operated a Ford Model A truck with a pump, based in the garage of a neighborhood home. In this wartime period, many of the volunteer firefighters were women.[10][11]

Al Balch was a direct descendant of 17th century New England settler John Balch.[12] Possibly in tribute to this heritage, he had the firm of Thomas, Grainger & Thomas design the houses in the Cape Cod style.[12] Each house was unique in some way,[13] and each originally sold for $5,000[1] ($65,900 in 2005 dollars[14]); currently (as of 2005, 2006) all go for upwards of $300,000 ($22,800 in 1941 dollars[14]); many (albeit with updating and often with further improvements and extensions) go for as much as $450,000.

Other portions of Wedgwood have distinct histories of their own. In 1936, Dr. and Mrs. Philip M. Rogers purchased 15 acres (61,000 m2) between 40th and 45th Avenues NE, from NE 88th Street to NE 92nd Street. Maple Creek flows through this property, forming a ravine. Until shortly after 1950, they left the land almost entirely undeveloped, allowing it to be used as a Boy Scout camp. According to Valarie Bunn, at the time "no traffic noise could be heard and no electric lights" could be seen in the area of the camp. The land was developed in the 1950s.[15] The Earl J. McLaughlin Plat (between NE 85th and NE 90th Streets, and 30th and 35th Avenue NE) was filed in 1907, but at the time there was no city water or electricity in the area. Few lots were sold at that time, and those were sold cheaply. In 1917, Earl J. McLaughlin relocated to Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained active in real estate for 12 years, before emigrating to Canada.[16]

The large P-Patch Community Garden near the west edge of the neighborhood, and the adjoining University Prep School[17] and Temple Beth Am (Reform synagogue)[18] are on land that remained a working farm as late as 1965. Wedgwood has Seattle's oldest and largest P-Patch (mid-1960s); as of 2005, there are now 52 others. The "P" originally stood for "Picardo", the family who farmed the land (1922–1965).[19]

Just south of the old Picardo Farm is Dahl Playfield.[20] Like the P-Patch, it is former peat bog land, once known as the Ravenna Swamp. In the 1940s houses stood on part of what is now the playfield; at that time, Picardo Farm was the site contemplated for a park. However, after sewer lines were built along 25th Avenue NE in the late 1940s, houses began sinking in the peat; the city bought them out and turned the land into the "80th Street Playfield". In 1952, the bog caught fire: portions subsided as much as 5 feet (1.5 m), and the park was temporarily closed. Over the next few years, an estimated 75,000 cubic yards (57,000 cubic meters) of peat was replaced by fill dirt, and the park reopened. In 1955, the park was renamed after a former Park Board director, Waldo J. Dahl. In September 1992, the Wedgwood Community Council officially "adopted" the park.[21]

The Wedgewood [sic] Estates apartment complex on NE 75th Street between 37th and 39th avenues NE was purchased by the Seattle Housing Authority in 2001 in an effort to preserve a supply of moderately priced housing in this part of Seattle.[22]

Business
The Fruit Lady, a seasonal business in Wedgwood (2008)

Mr. and Mrs. Nick Jacklin opened the first store in what is now Wedgwood in 1922, before either electricity or city water reached the neighborhood. The building still survives as the garage of a house in the 7500 block of 35th Avenue NE.[5] That same block was later (1949–1974) home of McGillivray's Variety and Gift Store, whose range of wares ranged from penny candy, children's clothing and hundreds of different children's birthday cards to "fine collector dolls… in a better selection than… even… the downtown Frederick & Nelson's" and "sequins in every color manufactured".[23]

Half a mile (0.7 km) north, McVicar's Hardware Store (1946–1986)—in the space in the 8500 block of 35th Avenue NE opened shortly after World War II. The shortage of consumer goods right after the war meant that some of their early stock was manufactured on-site from war surplus. Adapting their business to whatever people in the neighborhood wanted to buy, as Wedgwood residents began putting in lawns and gardens, McVicar's sold them the requisite supplies; they sold specialty foods and rented out skis; they were also, for a decade, the only hardware store in the state licensed to sell beer and wine. They ran do-it-yourself clinics on everything from tools to gourmet cooking; in 1954, they were mentioned in a Time magazine article on the do-it-yourself trend.[24][25][26]

7300 block of 35th Ave NE

Today, there is a shopping district along 35th Avenue NE, with concentrations of stores at NE 75th Street and NE 85th Street, including a supermarket at each of these corners; a lesser concentration near NE 95th Street includes the Fiddler's Inn bar, a live music venue, one of relatively few this far from the center of the city. Near that intersection, a gas station, veterinary office and east-coast style Hunan Chinese restaurant and bar reside. The Wedgwood Broiler is a quintessential '50s American style neighborhood restaurant and bar. And while 35th NE doesn't rise to the level of having "street life", it does have a good smattering of businesses, including numerous banks, a U.S. Post Office,[27] coffee shops, restaurants, several popular bars, a dry cleaner, the Seattle Audubon Society,[28] miscellaneous medical offices, and a variety of retail stores, mostly independent.

On NE 68th Street, just south of what the city unofficially defines to be Wedgwood proper, is the Seattle Public Library Northeast Branch,[29] the largest neighborhood branch and the second-busiest public library, second only to the Seattle Central Library.[30] At NE 70th Street is the Grateful Bread Cafe, a bakery-coffeehouse that sometimes hosts live music and community events;[31] and Seattle-based Top Pot Doughnuts.[32]

Community

Community organizations

In 1946, Wedgwood residents formed Wedgwood Community Club, which lasted for several decades, but eventually petered out. In the 1980s this vacuum was filled by the current Wedgwood Community Council.[33][34]

The Musicians Emeritus Symphony Orchestra (MESO), Wedgwood's non-profit community orchestra, was founded in 1971 by Seattle mayor Wes Uhlman. MESO was originally intended specifically for older musicians, and as of 2008, the oldest is 91 years old, but now the orchestra includes players of all ages. In 2009 MESO changed its name to Seattle Festival Orchestra (SFO). Currently SFO rehearses and performs in the Wedgwood neighborhood. Four times a concert season, SFO performs at the University Prep Academy.[35][36]

Education

Wedgwood neighborhood schools (as defined by the unofficial city map) include:

  • Wedgwood Elementary School (Kindergarten–5th grade)[37][38] – Seattle Public Schools
  • Our Lady of the Lake Parish School (preschool–8th grade)[39][40] – Roman Catholic
  • Concordia Lutheran School (preschool–8th grade)[41][42] – Lutheran, is several blocks further south and is east of NE 35th Street, and might be considered to fall well within View Ridge
  • Nathan Eckstein Middle School (6th–8th grade)[43][44] – Seattle Public Schools, is immediately south of NE 75th Street (considered by some to place it just outside Wedgwood)
  • University Prep (6th–12th grade)[45][46]

Religion

Wedgwood and the adjoining View Ridge and Bryant neighborhoods constitute one of the three centers of Seattle's Jewish community, along with Seward Park and the suburb of Mercer Island. Nonetheless, Jews constitute less than 10% of the neighborhood's population. Located in Wedgwood are:

  • Community Center: Stroum Jewish Community Center, now located near Dahl Field
  • Reform synagogue: Temple Beth Am
  • Conservative synagogue: Congregation Beth Shalom
  • Two Orthodox synagogues are within walking distance of Wedgwood, though outside of the city's unofficial boundary for the neighborhood: Emmanuel Congregation and Congregation Shaarei Tefilah, the latter which is associated with Chabad Lubavitch)

Christian churches based in Wedgwood include:

  • Messiah Lutheran Church (Missouri Synod), with a preschool through 8th grade school (Concordia), on 35th Avenue at 70th Street
  • Wedgwood Presbyterian Church[47] on 35th Avenue at NE 80th Street (which also hosts an Indonesian Presbyterian congregation[48])
  • Our Lady of the Lake Catholic Church, with a parish preschool through 8th grade school, on 35th Avenue at NE 89th[6]
  • Wedgwood Community Church on 30th Avenue at 82nd Street[49][50]
  • University Unitarian Church, a Modernist structure designed by Paul Hayden Kirk,[51] on 35th Avenue at NE 68th Street

Wedgwood also hosted a congregation of Mars Hill Church, a multi-campus church with several locations across western Washington. The church[52] meets in a renovated Baptist church originally built in 1952 on NE 95th Street near 35th. Official services began in 2007. After the dissolution of Mars Hill in 2014, this became OneLife Community Church.[53]

Geography
Hunter's Tree Farm

Like all Seattle neighborhoods, Wedgwood has no official or universally agreed-upon borders. The unofficial City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas shows its boundaries as

  • bounded on the north by NE 95th Street
  • bounded on the east by 45th Avenue NE
  • bounded on the south by NE 75th Street
  • bounded on the west by a route coming north from NE 75th Street along 25th Avenue NE, then jogging due west along NE 85th Street and snaking up Lake City Way NE to NE 95th Street

This is quite similar to how the Wedgwood Community Council (WCC) defined the neighborhood limits in 1956, the only difference being the western limit. The WCC considered 25th Avenue NE to be the limit all the way north; this excludes the area west of 25th Avenue NE, extending west to Lake City Way NE between NE 85th Street and NE 95th Street.[54]

However, NE 75th Street presents no discernible break in the business strip along 35th Avenue NE, which continues south to NE 65th Street; many of the businesses and churches in these ten blocks identify themselves as being in Wedgwood; some even have "Wedgwood" in their names. If the City Clerk's unofficial borders are accepted, then the landmark Wedgwood Rock, a large 19-foot (5.8 m)-tall boulder at the corner of 28th Avenue NE and NE 72nd Street, lies in the adjoining Ravenna neighborhood.[2]

Several other well-documented interpretations exist. Among them, "Seattle Neighborhoods" of HistoryLink.org's Encyclopedia of Washington State History does not define boundaries for Wedgwood, other than as adjacent to surrounding neighborhoods. Their map suggests Wedgwood is between 25th and 45th Avenues, and 75th Street may divide from View Ridge neighborhood.[55]

The "Neighbors" project (1996–2000) of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, currently updated as the "Webtowns" section of the on-line P-I, defines Wedgwood a little differently. While they say the boundaries are NE 95th Street to the north, NE 75th Street to the south, 25th Ave NE to the west and approximately 45th Avenue NE to the east, "Neighbors" defines Wedgwood primarily in terms of a series of businesses and other public spaces on 35th Avenue NE, extending as far south as NE 68th Street: from south to north, the Northeast Library (NE 68th), Rod and Judy Neldam's Grateful Bread bakery (NE 70th), the post office at NE 77th, the Wedgwood Broiler (NE 83rd), Matthew's Red Apple Market (NE 85th, since overtaken by supermarket chain QFC), and finally the Fiddler's Inn Pub (NE 94th), built in 1934, a former dive that was fixed up in the early 1990s. They describe Wedgwood as having more in common with Ballard than with Capitol Hill (which is to say, not particularly hip or trendy), and say that downtown Wedgwood along 35th Avenue NE has a look and feel of a small town main street, for better and worse, as it struggles like Main Streets across the country in the age of malls and Internet shopping.[56]

"Neighbors" further asserts that Wedgwood has always been a middle-class neighborhood, trending toward upper middle, with home sales suggesting that it is currently becoming more of a young family area, as the initial 1940s owners reach the end of their lives and Baby Boomers become retirees. Emblematic of this change, the former McVicar's space, after serving as a full-service bicycle shop 1986–2001, is now All That Dance, Seattle's largest dance studio with an enrollment of more than 1,500—mostly children, a testament to the changes in the area.[57][58] Wedgwood has long had an active neighborhood council, one of the most active in Seattle, effectively lobbying in and for the neighborhood, as well as working with the unusually numerous schools in the area.[56]

The P-I's current "Webtowns" section has merged Wedgwood and View Ridge with Sand Point and two popular waterfront parks, Magnuson Park and Matthews Beach Park. "Webtowns" Wedgwood is located between Sand Point Way and a small business district on 35th Avenue NE around NE 75th Street. The neighborhood is described as less expensive, though with respect to Seattle housing prices, the comparison is relative to places with expansive views in tonier adjacent neighborhoods like View Ridge and Sand Point, or high demand like the University District.[59][60]

National standards long adopted by the Seattle Department of Transportation define minor arterials, in part, as generally along neighborhood boundaries: NE 65th, 75th, and 95th streets, and 35th Avenue.[61] There is also a reasonable argument to be made that the northern boundary of Wedgwood is NE 100th Street as this street coincides with the northern limit of the 98115 ZIP Code.

See also

Note and references
  1. Wilma, David (July 24, 2001). "Seattle Neighborhoods: Wedgwood – Thumbnail History". Historylink.org Essay 3462. Retrieved April 21, 2006.
  2. (1) "Wedgwood". Seattle City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas. Office of the Seattle City Clerk. n.d., map .jpg dated 2002-06-17. Retrieved April 21, 2006. Check date values in: |date= (help)
    Maps "NN-1030S", "NN-1040S".jpg June 17, 2002.
    (2) "About the Seattle City Clerk's On-line Information Services". Information Services. Seattle City Clerk's Office. April 30, 2006. Retrieved May 21, 2006.
    See heading, "Note about limitations of these data".
    Accessed December 2004, re-accessed July 15, 2006, so the site has been this way at least 18 months.
    (3) Shenk, Pollack, Dornfield, Frantilla, & Neman
    "Sources for this atlas and the neighborhood names used in it include a 1980 neighborhood map produced by the Department of Community Development (relocated to the Department of Neighborhoods and other agencies), Seattle Public Library indexes, a 1984–1986 Neighborhood Profiles feature series in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, numerous parks, land use and transportation planning studies, and records in the Seattle Municipal Archives ."
    See also the "Neighbors" project of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer and "Webtowns" of the on-line P-I.
    See also Seattle neighborhoods #Informal districts.
  3. Dailey, (29, ref. 2, 8)
  4. Bunn, Valarie (April–May 1995). "Thorpe". Wedgwood Heritage Project. Wedgwood Community News.
  5. Bunn, Valarie (May 2001). "The First Store in Wedgwood". Wedgwood Community Newsletter. Wedgwood Community Council.
  6. Parish History, Our Lady of the Lake Parish. Accessed online July 31, 2008. Archived October 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Parish History". About Us. Our Lady of the Lake Parish. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
    Includes photo of the 1961 dedication of the current church.
  8. Home page, Our Lady of the Lake Parish. Accessed online July 31, 2008.
  9. Bunn, Valarie (July 2005). "[no title]". 20 (IV). Wedgwood Echo. p. 4. Cite uses generic title (help)
  10. Bunn, Valarie (September 1999). "(untitled article)". Wedgwood Community Newsletter. Wedgwood Community Council.
  11. Valarie Bunn, "A History of Emergency Preparedness—Wedgwood's Do-It-Yourself Fire Department", Wedgwood Echo, Volume 26, Issue VI, October 2011, p. 7.
  12. Bunn, Valarie (November 2009). "History Bits: Balch Houses by Thomas, Grainger & Thomas". Wedgwood Echo. Wedgwood Community Council. p. 3.
  13. "Work Starts in Wedgewood" (sic), The Seattle Times, July 13, 1941, reprinted in the Wedgwood Echo, November 2009, p. 5.
  14. Conversely, $5000 in 2005 dollars would buy $380 in 1941 dollars. Further, virtually all the Wedgwood housing stock has been extensively updated if not renovated or restored over the years. For the inflation calculations, see Sahr, Robert (April 12, 2006). "Inflation Conversion Factors for Dollars 1665 to Estimated 2016". Oregon State University. Archived from the original on July 17, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
    Revised to reflect final 2005 CPI data and early 2006 inflation estimates from the OMB and CBO
    Basic tables for 2005 were revised January 18, 2006, using final 2005 CPI, released that day by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Most graphs in the price levels and the US economy section were revised January 23, 2006, to reflect final 2005 CPI.
    The summary Excel file was revised March 10 and updated April 12, 2006, using the inflation estimates for 2006 and later years published by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
    Tables for all other-year conversion factors were revised April 12, 2006, and minor corrections made May 25, 2006.
    Original data from John J. McCusker and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, "original data for conversion factors 1665 to estimated 2016 (pdf format)", with an explanation of the conversion.
    Firefox users can access items by downloading the "ieview" extension from Firefox. Then right-click and select "open link target in IE" when opening a link.
  15. Bunn, Valarie (September 2009). "History Bits: The Scout Camp in Wedgwood". Wedgwood Echo. Wedgwood Community Council. p. 3.
  16. Valarie Bunn, "The McLaughlin Realty Company (The Earl J. McLaughlin Plat in Wedgwood)", Wedgwood Echo (Seattle), Volume 26, Issue II, March 2011, p. 3.
  17. Home page, University Prep School. Accessed online July 31, 2008.
  18. Home page, Temple Beth Am. Accessed online July 31, 2008.
  19. "P-Patch Community Gardens: Picardo Farm". Home > Garden Locations > Picardo Farm. Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. c. 1994. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  20. Dahl Playfield, Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation. Accessed online July 31, 2008.
  21. Bunn, Valarie (September 1993). "History of Dahl Field". Wedgwood Community Newsletter. Wedgwood Community Council.
  22. "Seattle Housing Authority Letter on Wedgewood Estates". Wedgwood Community Council. June 4, 2001. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  23. Bunn, Valarie (July 1994). "McGillivray's: The Biggest Little Store in the Northwest – 1949 to 1974". Wedgwood Community Newsletter. Wedgwood Community Council.
  24. Bunn, Valarie (November 1992). "McVicar's Hardware Store". Wedgwood Community Newsletter. Wedgwood Community Council.
  25. Bunn, Valarie (September 2001). "McVicar's and the Halloween Windows". Wedgwood Community Newsletter. Wedgwood Community Council.
  26. Beers, Carole (September 22, 1995). "Hardware Retailer Grant McVicar, 74; His Store's Coffeepot Was Always On". The Seattle Times.
  27. "Post Office Details". Locator. USPS. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  28. "Seattle Audubon Society". Archived from the original on June 14, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  29. "Northeast Branch". Seattle Public Library. Archived from the original on July 15, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  30. Becker, Paula (May 22, 2005). "Northeast Branch, The Seattle Public Library, reopens after a $4,765,276 expansion project on June 26, 2004". HistoryLink. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  31. Grateful Bread Cafe, official site, accessed July 31, 2008.
  32. Top Pot Doughnuts, official site, accessed July 31, 2008.
  33. Bunn, Valarie (January 1997). "(untitled)". Wedgwood Community Newsletter. Wedgwood Community Council.
  34. Wedgwood Community Council official site, accessed online July 31, 2008.
  35. "Musicians Emeritus Symphony Orchestra". Musicians Emeritus Symphony Orchestra. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  36. Valerie Bunn, "Wedgwood's Own Symphony Orchestra, Wedgwood Echo, September 2008, Volume 23, Issue V, p. 6.
  37. "Wedgwood Elementary". School Guide > Public schools. The Seattle Times. September 2004. Archived from the original on May 2, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  38. "Wedgwood Elementary School". Seattle Public Schools. Archived from the original on February 5, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  39. "Our Lady of The Lake Parish School". School Guide > Private schools. The Seattle Times. September 2004. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  40. Our Lady of the Lake Parish School, Our Lady of the Lake Parish. Accessed online 31 July 2008.
  41. "Concordia Lutheran School". School Guide > Private schools. The Seattle Times. September 2004. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  42. Concordia Lutheran School official site. Accessed July 31, 2008. Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  43. "Eckstein Middle School". School Guide > Public schools. The Seattle Times. September 2004. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  44. Eckstein Middle School Overview, Eckstein Middle School (Seattle Public Schools). Accessed July 31, 2008. Archived January 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  45. "University Preparatory Academy". School Guide > Private schools. The Seattle Times. September 2004. Archived from the original on May 18, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  46. "University Preparatory Academy". UniversityPrep.org. Archived from the original on July 11, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.
  47. Wedgwood Presbyterian official site. Accessed July 31, 2008.
  48. Indonesian Presbyterian Church official site. Accessed November 24, 2008.
  49. Wedgwood Community Church.
  50. Wedgwood Community Church listing, Seattle Times website. Accessed July 31, 2008.
  51. The Architect, University Unitarian Church. Accessed July 31, 2008. Archived July 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  52. "Mars Hill Church Wedgwood Campus". Archived from the original on December 14, 2007.
  53. "Where to find us". One Life Community Church. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  54. Valarie Bunn, Wedgwood Echo, Volume 25, Issue III, May 2010, p. 4.
  55. (1) "Northeast". Seattle Neighborhoods. HistoryLink.org. Archived from the original on July 10, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
    (2) "Wedgwood & View Ridge". Seattle Neighborhoods. HistoryLink.org. Archived from the original on October 6, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  56. "Neighbors". Neighbors project. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2000. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
    (2) Higgins, Mark (February 7, 1998). "A little slice of life that suits neighbors just fine". Neighbors project. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
    (3) Higgins, Mark (February 7, 1998). "Even the business district is small-town cozy". Neighbors project. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
    (4) Higgins, Mark (February 7, 1998). "From rats to schools, active council works to enhance community". Neighbors project. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  57. Wurzer, Maygan (June 30, 2004). "Facilities". All That Dance. Archived from the original on April 21, 2006. Retrieved August 23, 2006. and Wurzer, Maygan. "About". All That Dance. Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  58. Lorenzini, Sarah (July 13, 2005). "Kids can exercise their bodies and minds this summer: Many North End studios are offering healthier activities for youths". North Seattle Herald-Outlook. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
  59. "Sand Point". Webtowns. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. July 15, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  60. "Sand Point: Popular parks and some airplane firsts". Webtowns. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  61. "Street Classification Maps". Seattle Department of Transportation. 2005. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2006.
    High-Resolution Version Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, PDF format, 16.1 MB
    Medium-Resolution Version Archived March 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, PDF format, 1.45 MB January 12, 2004.
    Low-Resolution Version Archived June 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, PDF format, 825 KB January 12, 2004.
    "Planned Arterials Map Legend Definitions" Archived January 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, PDF format. January 12, 2004.
    The high resolution version is good for printing, 11 x 17. The low and medium resolution versions are good for quicker online viewing. [Source: "Street Classification Maps, Note on Accessing These PDF Files" Archived June 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine ]

Bibliography
  • Dailey, Tom (n.d.). "Duwamish-Seattle". Coast Salish Villages of Puget Sound. Retrieved April 21, 2006.
    Page links to Village Descriptions Duwamish-Seattle section. Recommended start is "Coast Salish Villages of Puget Sound"
  • "Parish History" (PDF). Our Lady of the Lake Parish. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  • Shenk, Carol; Pollack, Laurie; Dornfeld, Ernie; Frantilla, Anne; Neman, Chris (June 2002). "About neighborhood maps". Seattle City Clerk's Office Neighborhood Map Atlas. Office of the Seattle City Clerk, Information Services. Retrieved April 21, 2006.
    Sources for this atlas and the neighborhood names used in it include a 1980 neighborhood map produced by the Department of Community Development (relocated to the Department of Neighborhoods and other agencies), Seattle Public Library indexes, a 1984–1986 Neighborhood Profiles feature series in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, numerous parks, land use and transportation planning studies, and records in the Seattle Municipal Archives .
    See also the "Neighbors" project of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer and "Webtowns" of the on-line P-I.
    See also Seattle neighborhoods#Informal districts.
  • Wilma, David (July 24, 2001). "Seattle Neighborhoods: Wedgwood – Thumbnail History". Historylink.org Essay 3462. Retrieved April 21, 2006.
    Among other things, this gives a good account of the last farming in the neighborhood, of the initial development, and of the Wedgwood Rock; it also gives an extensive set of print references.

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