Wanetsi

Wanetsi
Native to	Afghanistan, Pakistan
Region	Balochistan
Native speakers	95,000 (1998)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Eastern Iranian Northeastern Pashto Wanetsi; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Pashto alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	wne
Glottolog	wane1241

Waṇetsi (Pashto: وڼېڅي‎), also called Tarino (Pashto: ترينو‎), Tsalgari (Pashto: څلګري‎) it is the most distinct dialect amongst the Pashto dialects.

It is spoken by a small population of Tareen tribes in Pakistan and Afghanistan, primarily in Harnai and Sanjawi area east of Quetta, northern Balochistan, Pakistan.[2]

Although considered a dialect of Pashto, Prods Oktor Skjærvø states that Waṇetsi branched off from the other Pashto dialects in the Middle Iranian stage. [3]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Denti-alveolar	Alveolar	Retroflex	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular / Glottal
Nasal		m		n	ɳ			ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t̪		ʈ			k
Plosive	voiced	b	d̪		ɖ			ɡ
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s		t͡ʃ
Affricate	voiced			d͡z		d͡ʒ
Flap					ɽ
Fricative	voiceless			s		ʃ		x	h
Fricative	voiced			z		ʒ		ɣ
Approximant				l			j	w
Rhotic				r

Waṇetsi has [ʃ] and [ʒ] for Pashto ښ and ږ, respectively.[4]

څ does not merge with [s] but can be pronounced as [t͡s] and ځ does not merge with [z] but can be pronounced as [d͡z].[5]
[h] is generally dropped in Waṇetsi [4]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open	a		ɑ

There is a marked spontaneous tendency to palatalize [i] as [yi] and e as [ye]; and to labialize [u] as [wu] and [o] as [wo]. Initial delabialization is common in [wu] as [u] and [wo] as [o]. [5]
The standard weakening of final vowels in Waṇetsi makes the masculine-feminine gender distinction much less audible: [ə] and [a] are not phonemically distinct when unstressed in any position. But stressed final ә́ is kept apart from stressed á as in general Pashto. [5]

Comparison With General Pashto

Class 1

Masculine Animate: اس [as] - horse

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	اس as	اسان asā́n	Direct	اس as	اسان asā́n
Oblique	اسې asé	اسانو asā́nu	Oblique	اس as	اسانو asā́no

Masculine Animate: لېوۀ [lewә́] - wolf

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	لېوه lewә́	لېوان lewā́n	Direct	لېوه lewә́	لېوان lewā́n
Oblique	لېوه lewә́	لېوانو lewā́nu	Oblique	لېوه lewә́	لېوانو lewā́no

Masculine Inanimate: کور [kor] - house

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	کور kor	کورونه korúna	Direct	کور kor	کورونه korúna
Oblique	کورۀ korə́	کورونو korúnu	Oblique	کور kor	کورونو korúno

As can be seen there can be an addition of [əˈ] in the oblique singular. And in the oblique plural the [o] in general Pashto changes to [u]

Feminine Animate: پشي [pśi] - cat (in general Pashto: پيشو)

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	پشي pśi	پشيانې pśyā́ne	Direct	پيشو piśó	پيشوګانې piśogā́ne
Oblique	پشې pśe	پشيانو pśyā́nu	Oblique	پيشو piśó	پيشوګانو piśogā́no

Feminine Inanimate: ليار [lyār] - way (in general Pashto: لار)

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	ليار lyār	ليارې lyā́re	Direct	لار lār	لارې lā́re
Oblique	ليارې lyā́re	ليارو lyā́ru	Oblique	لارې lā́re	لارو lā́roClass 1

Class 2

Masculine Animate: يرږه [yirźá] - bear (in general Pashto: يږ [yәẓ̌, yәg, yәź])

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	يرږه yirźá	يرږيان yirźiān	Direct	يږ yәź	يږان yәźā́n
Oblique	يرږي yirźí	يرږيو yirźiu	Oblique	يږ yәź	يږانو yәźā́no

Masculine Animate: سپه [spa] -dog (in general Pashto: سپی [spáy])

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	سپه spa	سپيان spiān	Direct	سپی spáy	سپي spi [sometimes:سپيان]
Oblique	سپي spi	سپيانو spiānu	Oblique	سپي spi	سپو spo [sometimes:سپيانو, سپيو]

Masculine Inanimate: وګوړه [waguṛá] -village (in general Pashto: کلی [kaláy])

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	وګوړه waguṛá	وګوړيان waguṛyā́n	Direct	کلی kaláy	کلي kalí
Oblique	وګوړي waguṛí	وګوړيو waguṛyú	Oblique	کلي kalí	کلو kaló

Feminie Animate: سپي [spi] - female-dog (in general Pashto سپۍ [spə́i]

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	سپي spi	سپي spi	Direct	سپۍ spə́i	سپۍ spə́i
Oblique	سپي spi	سپيو spiu	Oblique	سپۍ spə́i	سپيو spə́io

Class 3

Masculine Inanimate: شپږمي [špaźmí] -moon (in general Pashto: سپوږمۍ [spoẓ̌mə́i] a feminine noun)

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	شپږمي špaźmí	شپږمي špaźmí	Direct	سپوږمۍ spoẓ̌mə́i	سپوږمۍ spoẓ̌mə́i
Oblique	شپږمي špaźmí	شپږميو špaźmyú	Oblique	سپوږمۍ spoẓ̌mə́i	سپوږميو spoẓ̌mə́io

Feminine Inanimate: مېلې [méle] -celebration (in general Pashto: مېله [melá] )

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	مېلې méle	مېلې méle	Direct	مېله melá	مېلې melé
Oblique	مېلې méle	مېليو melyú	Oblique	مېلې melé	مېلو meló

Class 4

Masculine Animate: سپور [spor] - horseman (in general Pashto an adjective as well as a noun)

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	سپور spor	سپارۀ spārə́	Direct	سپور spor	سپارۀ spārə́
Oblique	سپارۀ spārə́	سپارو spārú	Oblique	سپارۀ spārə́	سپرو sparó

Masculine Inanimate: رېبون [rebún] - shirt (no equivalent in Pashto but declension simialr ون as in پښتون)

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	رېبون rebún	رېبنان rebnā́n	Direct	-	انۀ- [un removed] -ānə́
Oblique	رېبنانۀ rebnānə́	رېبنانو rebnā́nu	Oblique	انۀ- [un removed] -ānə́	نو-[un removed] -ano

Class 5

Masculine Animate: غل [ɤal]

Waṇetsi			General Pashto
	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural
Direct	غل ɣal	غلونۀ ɣlúnə	Direct	غل ɣal	غلۀ ɣlə
Oblique	غلۀ ɣlə	غلونو ɣlunú	Oblique	غلۀ ɣlə	غلو ɣlo

Aggultinative Formation

The (e)ya case is aggultinative.[5]

Waṇetsi	General Pashto	Translation
شايه šāya	د/له شا نه də/lə šā nə	from the back
څاهيه tsā́hya	له څاه نه lə tsā́h nə	from the well
چايه tsāya	له چا نه lə cā nə	from whom
خلخويه xalxúya	له خلکو نه lə xalkó nə	from the people

Demonstratives

In Waṇetsi اغه [aɣa] functions for both Pashto دغه (this) and هغه (that).[5]

	Singular		Plural
	Masc.	Fem.	Plural
Direct	اغه áğa	اغه áğa áğә	اغه áğa اغې áğe
Oblique	اغه áğә	اغې áğe	اغو áğo áğu

Infinitive

Where as General Pashto employs the ل [ә́] to the past stem to make it infinitive, Waṇetsi employs نګ [ang] to the past stem to make it infinitive.[5]

Waṇetsi Pashto	General Pashto	Translation
خوړنګ xwaṛang	خوړل xwaṛә́l	to eat
لمبېدنګ lambedang	لمبېدل lambedә́l	to bathe
وېزنګ wezang	وژل waźә́l	to kill
وينګ wayang	ويل wayә́l	to say
کړنګ kṛang	کول kawә́l	to do
چينوستنګ cinostang	کښېنستل kṣ̌enāstә́l	to sit

Suffixes

Some verbal suffixes also change:

Waṇetsi Pashto	General Pashto	Translation	Change noted
زې کي ze ki	زه کوم zә kawә́m	I do	م ← ي i ←әm
زې وايي ze wāyi	زه وايم zә wāyә́m	I say	م ← ي i ←әm

Vocabulary

Waṇetsi Pashto	Standard Pashto	Translation
si	səl	hundred
šwi	šəl	twenty
agha/gha (postposition)	da (preposition)	of
moš	muẓ̌	we
piyār	plār	father
yirža	yiẓ̌	bear
tərža	təẓ̌ay	thirsty
tow, towa	tod, tawda	hot
ğandəm	ğanəm	wheat
māst	myāst	month
atā	atyā	eighty
wžəndz	ẓ̌mundz	comb
sunzən	stən	needle
brestəṇ	bṛastən	quilt

Examples of sentences showing the difference between Waṇetsi Dialect and Kandahari Dialect :[2]

Waṇetsi	Kandahari	Translation
اندي وګوړي چي موښ پيار غه څټ لېژدي وي indī waguṛi či moš piyār ğa tsaṭ leždī wi	په دې کلي کې زموږ د پلار ډېر غويان وو pə de kəli ke zmuẓ̌ da plār ḍer ğwayān wu	In this village our father had many bulls.
شمزې و خوارږه شوې مي دې غوزين šamze o xwāržə šwe mi de ğozin	شلومبې او خوږې شيدې هم چښي šlombe aw xwaẓ̌e šide ham čṣ̌i	[They] also drink buttermilk and sweet milk.

References

Wanetsi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
"AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto, F. Waṇecī". G. Morgenstierne. Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Version. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
Hallberg, Daniel G. 1992. Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 4. LINK
Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 742. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
Elfenbein, J. H. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 61. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211626.

External links

Word list of terms in Waṇetsi and other languages

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[e18-1] Wanetsi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Iranica-2] "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto, F. Waṇecī". G. Morgenstierne. Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Version. Retrieved 2012-02-15.

[3] Hallberg, Daniel G. 1992. Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 4. LINK

[:1-4] Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 742. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.

[:0-5] Elfenbein, J. H. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 61. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211626.