Timeline of Rotterdam

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Prior to 19th century

Map of Rotterdam, 1649

• 1270 - Dam built on Rotte (river).
• 1328 - Latin school established
• 1340 - City rights granted.[1]
• 1350 - Rotterdamse Schie (canal) constructed (approximate date).
• 1477 - Saint Lawrence Church consecrated.
• 1489 - Rotterdam besieged by forces of Frans van Brederode.[2]
• 1563 - Fire.[3]
• 1572 - Spanish in power.[2]
• 1574 - Admiralty of Rotterdam organized.
• 1611 - Guild of Saint Luke active (approximate date).
• 1622 - Erasmus statue erected.[4]
• 1626 - Collegium Mechanicum established.[5]
• 1632 - Population: 20,000 (approximate).[2]
• 1643 - Scotch Presbyterian church built.[6]
• 1722 - Exchange built.[4]
• 1769 - Batavian Society for Experimental Philosophy founded.
• 1773 - Studium Scientiarum Genetrix literary society formed.[7]
• 1781 - Rotterdamse Academie established.
• 1796 - Population: 53,212.[2]
• 1797 - Netherlands Missionary Society founded.
• 1798 - Organ installed in Saint Lawrence Church.[1]

19th century

• 1813 - Johan François van Hogendorp van Heeswijk becomes mayor.
• 1835 - Town Hall rebuilt.[1]
• 1838 - Population: 72,000.[8]
• 1844 - Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant begins publication.[9]
• 1847 - Delftsche Poort railway station opens.
• 1849 - Boymans Museum opens.[10]
• 1851 - Royal Maas Yacht Club founded.
• 1857 - Zoo opens.[2]
• 1859 - Rotterdamsch Leeskabinet (library) founded.[11]
• 1863 - Rotterdam Bank established.
• 1866 - Population: 115,277.[12]
• 1869 - Feijenoord becomes part of city.[2]
• 1870 - Municipal waterworks established.[2]
• 1872 - Nieuwe Waterweg constructed.
• 1873 - Netherlands-America Steamship Company in business.
• 1874
  • Katendrecht village becomes part of city.
  • Oldenzeel art gallery in business.[13]
  • Fountain installed at Nieuwe Markt.[4]
  • Maritime Museum founded.[14]
• 1875
  • Post office built.[2]
  • Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd shipping firm in business.
• 1876 - Rotterdamsche reinigingsdienst formed.
• 1877 - Railway Bridge,[4] Rotterdam Zuid railway station, and Rotterdam Beurs railway station open.
• 1878 - Willemsbrug (Rotterdam) opens.[4]
• 1879
  • Horsecar trams begin operating.
  • Passage (arcade) built.[4]
• 1882 - Fish Market built.[4]
• 1885 - Museum for Geography and Ethnology opens.[15]
• 1886 - Delfshaven becomes part of city.[2]
• 1891 - Population: 203,500.[4]
• 1894 - Municipal gas and electricity established.[2]
• 1895 - Charlois and Kralingen become part of city.
• 1898 - Witte Huis built.
• 1900 - "Record office" established.[2]

20th century

• 1904
  • Museum van Oudheden (city history museum) in operation in the Schielandshuis.
  • Schiecentrale built.
• 1905
  • Electric trams begin operating.
  • Population: 379,017.[2]
• 1908
  • Rotterdam Hofplein railway station opens.
  • Wilhelmina football club formed.
• 1913 - Netherlands School of Commerce founded.
• 1920 - Voorwaarts newspaper begins publication.[9]
• 1925 - Economic Faculty Association established.
• 1927 - Natural History Museum established.
• 1930
  • Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra active.
  • Naamlooze Vennootschap Margarine Unie in business.[16][17]
  • Rotterdams Conservatorium founded.
• 1931
  • Rotterdamse Dansschool founded.
  • Van Nelle Factory built.
• 1934
  • Hoogvliet and Pernis become part of city.
  • De Doelen (concert hall and convention centre) built.
• 1937
  • Stadion Feijenoord and Rotterdam Stadion railway station open.
  • Museum of Taxation founded.[18]
• 1938
  • Pieter Oud becomes mayor.
  • Yevhen Konovalets is assassinated in Rotterdam by Pavel Sudoplatov.
• 1940
  • May 14: Rotterdam Blitz.[19]
  • Diergaarde Blijdorp (zoo) re-opens.
• 1941 - Hillegersberg, IJsselmonde, Overschie, and Schiebroek become part of city.
• 1945 - Pieter Oud becomes mayor again.
• 1946
  • Plan for the Reconstruction of Rotterdam adopted.
  • Algemeen Dagblad begins publication.
• 1953
  • Rotterdam Blaak railway station and Rotterdam Noord railway station open.
  • Groothandelsgebouw built.
• 1956 - Airport opens.
• 1957 - Rotterdam Centraal railway station opens.
• 1958 - Arboretum Trompenburg opens.
• 1960
  • Euromast tower built.
  • City hosts Floriade horticulture exhibition.
• 1962 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest port by cargo tonnage.
• 1964
  • Rotterdam Lombardijen railway station opens.
  • Hilton Hotel built.
• 1965 - Regional Rinjmond Public Authority created.[20]
• 1966 - De Doelen (concert hall and convention centre) rebuilt.
• 1968 - Rotterdam Metro begins operating.
• 1969 - Rotterdam Alexander railway station opens.
• 1970
  • NRC Handelsblad begins publication, after the merger between Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant and Algemeen Handelsblad
  • Nedlloyd shipping firm in business.
  • Kralingen Music Festival held.
• 1973
  • Charlois, Hoogvliet, and Hoek van Holland sub-municipalities created.[21]
  • Maasvlakte in operation.
• 1974 - André van der Louw becomes mayor.
• 1975
  • Prins Alexander sub-municipality created.[21]
  • Werkcentrum Dans founded.
• 1976
  • IJsselmonde and Centrum Noord sub-municipalities created.[21]
  • Stoom Stichting Nederland railway museum founded.
• 1977 - Sviib (student association) organized.
• 1979 - HNLMS Buffel museum ship opens.
• 1981
  • Rotterdam Marathon begins.
  • Baroeg (music venue) in business.
• 1982 - Bram Peper becomes mayor.
• 1984
  • Zomercarnaval begins.
  • Cube houses built near Oude Haven.
• 1986 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest container port.
• 1988 - Hogeschool Rotterdam established.
• 1990 - Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art[22] and Shipping and Transport College established.[23]
• 1991 - Gebouw Delftse Poort built.
• 1992 - Kunsthal art museum opens.
• 1993
  • Netherlands Architecture Institute relocates to Rotterdam.
  • Chabot Museum opens.[24]
• 1994 - V2 Institute for the Unstable Media active.
• 1996
  • Erasmus Bridge opens.
  • Schouwburgplein (square) redesigned.
• 1997 - MAMA project established by Public Art Squad Foundation.[25]
• 1999
  • Ivo Opstelten becomes mayor.
  • WORM (Rotterdam) active.[26]
• 2000
  • Architecture Film Festival Rotterdam begins.
  • Codarts University for the Arts opens.
  • KPN Tower built.

21st century

• 2001
  • World Port Center built.
  • Oceanium (aquarium) opens.
  • City designated a European Capital of Culture.
• 2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed.[27]
• 2003 - Netherlands Photo Museum opens.
• 2005 - Montevideo (residential skyscraper) built.
• 2006
  • North Sea Jazz Festival begins in Rotterdam.
  • Rotterdam Circus Arts founded.
• 2007 - RandstadRail and Betuweroute in operation.
• 2009
  • Ahmed Aboutaleb becomes first Muslim mayor of a major European city.
  • Maastoren skyscraper built.
• 2010
  • Rozenburg becomes part of city.
  • Pernis sub-municipality created.
  • New Orleans (residential skyscraper) built.
  • 2010 Tour de France cycling race starts from Rotterdam.
• 2012 - Population: 616,250.
• 2014 - Market Hall built.

See also

• History of Rotterdam
• List of mayors of Rotterdam
• List of churches in Rotterdam
• List of national monuments in Rotterdam
• Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Utrecht

References

1. "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 397759
2. "Rotterdam", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
3. Hammond's Comprehensive Atlas of the World, New York: Hammond & Co., 1913, OCLC 77937509, OL 23470505M
4. "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1891, OCLC 5624932, OL 23280595M
5. Arjan Van Dixhoorn; Susie Speakman Sutch, eds. (2008). The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16955-5.
6. C.B. Black (1908). "Rotterdam". Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways (3rd ed.). London: Adam and Charles Black.
7. Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
8. "Rotterdam", A hand-book for travellers on the continent (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, 1838, OCLC 2030550
9. Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
10. Beschrijving der schilderijen enz. in het Museum te Rotterdam, gesticht door Mr. F. J. O. Boymans. 1859.
11. "Rotterdamsch Leeskabinet". Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
12. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.
13. Martha Op de Coul (2002). "In search of Van Gogh's Nuenen studio: the Oldenzeel exhibitions of 1903". Van Gogh Museum Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
14. "Maritiem Museum Rotterdam". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
15. "History". Wereldmuseum Rotterdam. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
16. Unilever Nederland. "Onze geschiedenis" (in Dutch). Retrieved November 29, 2012.
17. "History of Unilever". Unilever. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
18. Charles Adams (1999), For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of History (2nd ed.), Madison Books, ISBN 1568331231, OL 387134M, 1568331231
19. David T. Zabecki (2015). "Chronology of World War II in Europe". World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-81242-3.
20. Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe. Council of Europe Press. 1993. ISBN 978-92-871-2394-7.
21. Robert L. Morlan (1982). "Sub-Municipal Governance in Practice: The Rotterdam Experience". Western Political Quarterly. 35 (3): 425–441. doi:10.2307/447555. JSTOR 447555.
22. "Witte de With Contemporary Art". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
23. "History". STC-Group. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
24. "Chabot Museum". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
25. "Showroom MAMA". Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
26. "WORM Rotterdam". Myspace. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
27. Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.

Bibliography

in English

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Rotterdam", The Grand Tour, 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt
• "Rotterdam". Gazetteer of the Netherlands. Attributed to Clement Cruttwell. London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson. 1794.CS1 maint: others (link)
• "Rotterdam". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822.
• Frans Dieleman & Robert C. Kloosterman (2000). "Room to manoeuvre: governance, the post-industrial economy, and housing provision in Rotterdam". In Mario Polèse & Richard E. Stren (eds.). The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8320-3.
• Anton Kreukels; et al., eds. (2005). "Rotterdam". Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
• Stefan Couperus (2016). "Building Democracy Anew: Neighborhood Planning and Political Reform in Post-Blitz Rotterdam". Journal of Urban History. 42.

in Dutch

• Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1847). "Rotterdam". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). 9. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn – via HathiTrust.
• Rotterdam in den loop der eeuwen [Rotterdam in the course of ages] (in Dutch). Rotterdam: W. Nevens. 1906.
• Henri Zondervan, ed. (1921), "Rotterdam", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), 14 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“

External links

Media related to History of Rotterdam at Wikimedia Commons

• "All buildings in the Netherlands, shaded according to year of construction". Amsterdam: Waag Society. (map that includes Rotterdam)
• Europeana. Items related to Rotterdam, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Rotterdam, various dates