Timeline of Maastricht

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Maastricht, Netherlands.

Roman Period

• circa 10 BC - Construction of Roman main road from Cologne to the coast (Via Belgica).
• 1st half of 1st century AD - Maastricht Roman bridge built; gradual development of settlement on both sides of the river Meuse.
• ca. 150 - Construction of Roman baths and walled sanctuary (with a 9-meter sculpted Jupiter column).
• ca. 270 - Destruction of Roman Maastricht by invading Germanic tribes.
• 333 - Roman Castellum, Maastricht (fortress) built.
• 384 - Death of Saint Servatius in Maastricht (traditional); establishment of Roman Catholic Diocese of Maastricht (uncertain; this may have happened in the 6th c. only).[1]

Middle Ages

• ca. 570 - Bishop Monulph builds a large stone church on the grave of Saint Servatius.
• ca. 590-670 - At least twelve royal mint masters active in Maastricht.
• 595 - Childebert II in Maastricht.
• 667-670 - Childeric II in Maastricht.
• 690-695 - Clovis IV in Maastricht.
• ca. 700 - Murder of Lambert of Maastricht.
• 720 - Seat of the Maastricht diocese moved to Liège (traditional date; this may have happened later in the 8th/9th c.).
• late 8th/early 9th c. - Alcuin and Einhard (lay) abbots of Saint Servatius.
• 881 - Sack of Maastricht by Vikings.[2]
• 1001 - Reburial of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine in the crypt of the church of Saint Servatius.
• 11th/12th c. - Chapter of Saint Servatius at its apogee; at least five provosts were chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire; collegiate churches of Saint Servatius and Our Lady renewed.
• 1204 - Siege of Maastricht (1204) by Hugues de Pierrepont, prince-bishop of Liège, and Louis II, Count of Loon; Maastricht condominium established between Liège and Brabant.
• 1229 - Duke of Brabant gives permission to replace the earthen defence works by stone city wall.
• 1230 - Order of St Mary Magdalene ("white nuns") establish monastery in Maastricht (until 1796).
• 1234 - Franciscans establish a monastery in Maastricht (throughout the ages around twenty Franciscan monasteries existed in Maastricht, including Third Order monasteries).
• ca. 1240 - Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony establish monastery ('commandry') in Maastricht (until 1783).
• ca. 1250 - Dominicans and Augustinians establish monasteries in Maastricht (until 1796).
• 1251 - First mention of Nieuwenhof beguinage, later turned into several monasteries of Third Order Franciscan nuns and friars.
• 1275 - Roman bridge collapses during a procession; many drowned.
• 1280-98 - Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) built.
• 1282 - Teutonic Order establish a commandry in Maastricht (until 1796).
• mid-14th century - second Medieval city wall built, enlarging the city surface by 400%.
• 1376 - first mention of Saint Andrew Monastery, first a beguinage, later a monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.
• 1391 - First recorded instance of the seven-yearly Pilgrimage of the Relics.
• 1407/08 - Siege of Maastricht (1407/08) by Liège rebels.
• 1438 - Crosier Monastery, Maastricht established (until 1796)
• ca. 1470 - Dinghuis courthouse built.
• 1476 - Beyart established, monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.

16th–18th century

• 1535 - Fifteen anabaptists burned in Vrijthof.
• 1551 - Jacob Bathen starts printing and publishing business.[3]
• 1566 - Beeldenstorm in Maastricht; several churches looted by fanatic Protestants.
• 1570 - Jesuits establish a monastery and a college (1575).
• 1576 - Sack of Maastricht by Spanish troops and German mercenaries.
• 1579 - Siege of Maastricht (1579) by Spanish forces, followed by three-day sack; all Protestants killed or expelled.[4]
• 1632 - Capture of Maastricht by Dutch forces;[5][6] equal rights for Protestants and Catholics; several churches ceded to Protestants.
• 1638 - Maastricht Treason: 22 traitors accused of helping the Spanish in recapturing the city; nine are executed.
• 1659-83 - Maastricht City Hall built (opening in 1664).[4]
• 1662 - Municipal library founded.[7][8]
• 1673 - Siege of Maastricht (1673) by French forces.[4]
• 1678 - Peace of Nijmegen: French vacate the city; Dutch in power.[5]
• 1748 - Siege of Maastricht (1748) by French forces; occupation lasted only a few months.[4]
• 1789 - Bonbonnière theatre opens.
• 1793 - Siege of Maastricht (1793) by French forces (failed).
• 1794 - Capture of Maastricht (1794) by French forces.[4]
• 1795 - Maastricht becomes capital of the French Meuse-Inférieure département as part of the First French Empire.
• 1796 - Suppression of the monasteries and religious chapters in Maastricht; parish churches remain open if priests take the Oath of Hatred.

19th century

• 1805 - Generaalshuis (now a theater) built in Vrijthof.
• 1811 - General Cemetery Tongerseweg established (including Jewish Cemetery, Maastricht).
• 1815 - Maastricht becomes capital of the Province of Limburg, as part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• 1822 - Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts founded.[9]
• 1824 - Population: 20,271.[10]
• 1826 - Zuid-Willemsvaart (canal), including Bassin (Maastricht) (port) opened.
• 1834 - Petrus Regout manufacturer of glass and pottery in business.[11]
• 1837 - Maastricht City Park in use.
• 1838 - Saint Nicholas Church, Maastricht demolished.
• 1840 - Maastricht Synagogue built.[12]
• 1850 - Luik-Maastricht Canal dug.
• 1851 - Le Courrier de la Meuse French-language newspaper begins publication.
• 1853 - Aken-Maastrichtsche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (railway) begins operating.[13]
• 1859 - Saint Martin's Church, Maastricht built.[4]
• 1861 - Liège–Maastricht railway begins operating.
• 1863 - Société Céramique manufactory in business.
• 1865 - Maastricht–Venlo railway begins operating.
• 1866 - Population: 28,495.[14]
• 1871 - Advertentieblad voor Limburg newspaper begins publication.[9]
• 1877 - Population: 29,083.[15]
• 1878 - Fortifications dismantled.[4]
• 1881 - Limburg State Archives headquartered in Maastricht, in the Oude Minderbroederskerk (Maastricht).[16]
• 1884 - Bonnefantenmuseum established (as a museum of archaeology and local history).
• 1886 - Courrier du Limbourg newspaper begins publication.[17]

20th century

• 1902 - MVV Maastricht football club formed.
• 1912 - Maastricht Natural History Museum founded.
• 1915 - Maastricht railway station opens (current station; it had four predecessors).
• 1916 - Saint Lambert Church built.
• 1919 - Population: 41,305.[18]
• 1926 - Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie factory begins operating.
• 1929 - Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society established.
• 1932 - Wilhelmina Bridge built.
• 1935 - Juliana Canal opened.
  

  Liberation of Maastricht on 14 September 1944
• 1940, 10 May - Battle of Maastricht; Germans in power.
• 1944, 13/14 September - US allied forces liberate the city.
• 1945 - Maastricht Aachen Airport begins operating.
• 1948 - Jan Van Eyck Academie established.
• 1950 - Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts established.
• 1951 - Bonnefanten Museum active on Avenue Céramique.
• 1959 - Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts active.
• 1960 - Population: 90,202.
• 1961 - De Geusselt stadium built.
• 1962 - Maastricht Academy of Music established.
• 1968 - John F. Kennedy Bridge, Maastricht opens.[19]
• 1973 - Museum aan het Vrijthof established.
• 1976 - Maastricht University opens.[20]
• 1987 - Maastricht Randwyck railway station and Lumiere Cinema[21] open.
• 1988 - The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) begins; Museumkelder Derlon opens.
• 1990 - Population: 117,008.
• 1991 - Academic Hospital Maastricht opens.
• 1992 - 7 February: International Maastricht Treaty signed in city;[11] Theater aan het Vrijthof opens.
• 1995 - Bonnefantenmuseum moves to new building by Aldo Rossi.
• 1999 - Centre Céramique (library and arts centre) opens.

21st century

• 2002 - Gerd Leers becomes mayor; Mestreechs Volksleed officially adopted as the city's anthem.
• 2003 - Hoge Brug (pedestrian bridge) opens.
• 2005 - Limburg Regional History Centre headquartered in city.
• 2006 - Entre Deux shopping mall rebuilt; Selexyz bookshop in adjacent Dominican Church, Maastricht.
• 2010 - Onno Hoes becomes first openly gay mayor of Maastricht.
• 2013 - Maastricht Noord railway station opens.
• 2014 - Population: 121,906 municipality; 182,721 metro.
• 2015 - Annemarie Penn-te Strake becomes first female mayor of Maastricht.
• 2016 - Koning Willem-Alexandertunnel officially opened.

See also

• Maastricht history
• History of Maastricht
• List of mayors of Maastricht
• List of rijksmonuments in Maastricht
• Other names of Maastricht
• Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Nijmegen, Rotterdam, Utrecht

References

1. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
2. Adriaan Verhulst (1999). The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-46909-8.
3. P. J. H. Ubachs (2000). Handboek voor de geschiedenis van Limburg [Handbook of the history of Limburg] (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-097-9.
4. Britannica 1910.
5. Haydn 1910.
6. Myron P. Gutmann (1980). "Chronology of Military and Political Events in the Basse-Meuse (1620- )". War and Rural Life in the Early Modern Low Countries. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5529-2.
7. Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal. International Federation of Library Associations. 24.
8. Flament 1888.
9. Heijde 2002.
10. Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts. Annuaire de la province de Limbourg ... 1825 (in French). Maastricht: L. Th. Nypels.
11. Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
12. "Maastricht". Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
13. J.W. Sluiter (1967). Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven [Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies] (in Dutch). Brill.
14. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.
15. Verslag van den toestand van het hertogdom Limburg in het jaar 1877 [Report of the condition of the Duchy of Limburg in the year 1877] (in Dutch), Maastricht: Henri Bogaerts, 1878
16. "Historie Minderbroederskerk" (in Dutch). Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
17. Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
18. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
19. "Bruggen database: Limburg: Maastricht" [Database of Bridges] (in Dutch). Rijswijk: Nederlandse Bruggenstichting. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
20. Walter Rüegg, ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
21. "Movie Theaters in Maastricht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

published in the 18th-19th century

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Maestricht", The Grand Tour, 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Maestricht, a town in France", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
• "Maestricht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Maestricht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
• "Maestricht", Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium (20th ed.), London: John Murray, 1881

published in the 20th century

• "Maestricht". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
• "Maastricht", Belgium and Holland (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910
• "Maastricht", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Maestricht", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.

published in the 21st century

• Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Maastricht". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.

in other languages

• Philippe Vandermaelen (1835). "Maestricht". Dictionnaire géographique du Limbourg (in French). Établissement géographique de Bruxelles.
• Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1846). "Maastricht". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). 7. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn – via HathiTrust.
• Auguste Jean Flament, ed. (1888). Catalogus der Stadsbibliotheek van Maastricht (in Dutch). Maastricht: J. Germain & cie.
• Henri Zondervan, ed. (1919), "Maastricht", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), 11 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“
• G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Limburg: Maastricht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.
• Marina Kessels-van der Heijde (2002). Maastricht, Maestricht, Mestreech: de taalverhoudingen tussen Nederlands, Frans en Maastrichts in de negentiende eeuw (in Dutch). Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-713-2.
• P. Ubachs & I. Evers (2005). Historische encyclopedie Maastricht (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-5730-399-X.
• Caspar Cillekens & Wim Dijkman (2006). 20 eeuwen Maastricht (in Dutch). Nijmegen: BnM.
• P. Ubachs & I. Evers (2006). Tweeduizend jaar Maastricht: een stadsgeschiedenis (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-5730-441-4.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Maastricht, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Maastricht, various dates