Timeline of Peshawar

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Prior to 19th century

• 127 CE - Purushapura becomes eastern capital of Buddhist kingdom Gandhara (approximate date).
• 978 CE - Sabaktagin defeats Jayapala.[1]
• 1001 - 27 November: Battle of Peshawar; Mahmud of Ghazni in power.
• 1006 - Mahmud of Ghazni defeats Anandapala.[2]
• 1180 - Mu'izz-Ud-Din Muhammad Ibn Sam in power.[2]
• 1630 - Mohabbat Khan Mosque built.
• 1758 - 8 May: Battle of Peshawar; Marathas in power.

19th century

• 1810 - Wazir Bagh (garden) laid out.
• 1825 - Sikh Ranjit Singh in power.[3]
• 1834
  • Hari Singh Nalwa in power.
  • Bala Hissar (fort) rebuilt.[4]
• 1838 - Italian Paolo Avitabile in power.[5]
• 1849
  • British in power.[6]
  • Gorak Nath Temple built.[7]
• 1850s - Grand Trunk Road Lahore-Peshawar extension constructed (approximate date).[8]
• 1851 - Peshawar cemetery established.[9]
• 1860 - Flood.[10]
• 1867 - Municipality constituted.[11]
• 1868
  • British Peshawar Cantonment laid out near city.
  • Population: 56,589 (city); 58,555 (municipality).[10]
• 1881 - Population: 79,982.[12]
• 1882 - Sethi Mohallah residence built.[13]
• 1883 - All Saints Church opens in cantonment.[4]
• 1891 - Population: 54,191.[11]
• 1900
  • Cunningham clock tower built.[9]
  • Edwardes College established.[9]

20th century

• 1901
  • City becomes capital of the North-West Frontier Province.[11]
  • Population: 95,147.[14]
• 1906 - Victoria Hall built.
• 1907 - Peshawar Museum founded.
• 1909 - Ancient Buddhist Kanishka casket discovered by archaeologists in Shah-ji-Dheri near city.
• 1913 - Islamia College established.[15]
• 1922 - Kapoor Haveli (residence) built.
• 1925 - Khaiber railway built.[16]
• 1930
  • 23 April: Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre.
  • Novelty cinema opens.[17]
• 1932 - Khyber Mail newspaper begins publication.[18]
• 1934 - Landsdowne cinema opens.[17]
• 1936 - Radio station begins broadcasting.[19]
• 1939 - Al Falah newspaper begins publication.[20]
• 1941
  • Al-Jamiat-e-Sarhad newspaper begins publication.[20]
  • Population: 130,967.[6]

Independence: since 1947

• 1947 - City becomes part of the Dominion of Pakistan.
• 1948 - City becomes capital of the Peshawar province.[2]
• 1949 - Frontier Corps military reserve headquartered in Bala Hissar (fort).[9]
• 1950
  • University of Peshawar established.
  • Shahab-e-saqib and Qallandar Urdu-language newspapers begin publication.[20]
• 1951 - Population: 151,776.[21]
• 1954 - Khyber Medical College established.
• 1955
  • City becomes part of West Pakistan.[2]
  • The Statesman English-language newspaper begins publication.[20]
  • Abasin Arts Society established.
• 1956 - City becomes part of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• 1958 - Amal newspaper begins publication.[20]
• 1964 - Peshawar Press Club founded.
• 1965 - Bacha Khan International Airport in operation.
• 1972 - Population: 268,366.[22]
• 1975
  • Qayyum Stadium opens.
  • Hayatabad suburb established.[23]
• 1976 - Wahdat Pashto-language newspaper begins publication.
• 1977 - Shahādat newspaper begins publication.[18]
• 1980 - May: Explosion at Jamiat Islami Afghanistan headquarters.[24]
• 1981
  • Population: 555,000.[2]
  • Kacha Garhi refugee camp established near city.[23]
• 1982
  • Jalozai Afghan refugee camp in operation.[23]
  • Afghan Islamic Press news agency established.
• 1984 - Mujāhid Wulas newspaper begins publication.[18]
• 1985
  • Karkhano Market and Nishtar Hall[25] established.
  • The Frontier Post (English-language) newspaper begins publication.[20]
• 1987 - Frontier Times in publication (approximate date).[18]
• 1988 - Al-Qaeda Islamist group organized.[26]
• 1996 - Qalb-e-Asia Cultural Centre established.[23]
• 1998 - Population: 982,816.[27]

21st century

• 2004 - Peshawar Panthers (cricket team) formed.
• 2008 - 5 December: Bombing.[28]
• 2009
  • 8 March: Bombing at Rahman Baba shrine.[29]
  • 9 June: Pearl Continental hotel bombing.
  • August: Bombing.[30]
  • 9 October: Bombing in Khyber Bazaar.
  • Amn Tehrik (peace effort) launched.
• 2010
  • 19 April: Bombing in Qissa Khawani Bazaar.[31]
  • July: Flood.
  • Air pollution in Peshawar reaches annual mean of 111 PM2.5 and 540 PM10, much higher than recommended.[32]
• 2011
  • PIA Planetarium inaugurated.
  • Saeed Book Bank closes.[33]
  • 10 May: Car bomb kills journalist.
  • 12 June: Bombings in Khyber market area.
• 2012 - 15 December: 2012 Peshawar airport attack.
• 2013 - 21 June: Bombing at Shiite mosque in Gulshan Colony.
• 2014 - 16 December: 2014 Peshawar school massacre
• 2017 - Population: 1,970,042.[34]

See also

• History of Peshawar
• Timelines of other cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Lahore
• Urbanisation in Pakistan

References

1. Balfour 1885.
2. Davies 2007.
3. Jocquim Hayward Stocqueler (1848), Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge, London: C. Cox, OCLC 3145677, OL 13521975M
4. "Peshawar". Pakistan. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
5. Ross 1883.
6. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, OL 6112221M
7. "Life and times of Peshawar's Kaka Ram". Qissa Khwani. 21 June 2012. Originally published by The News on Sunday, 17 June 2012
8. Mill, John Stuart (1858), Memorandum of the Improvements in the Administration of India During the Last Thirty Years: And the Petition of the East-India Company to Parliament, East India Company
9. Directorate of Information Technology, Web Portal Management Cell. "About Us: Town & Places". Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Official Gateway to Government. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
10. Gazetteer 1883.
11. Gazetteer of India 1908.
12. Thornton 1886.
13. "Forgotten in the 'lost-and-found' of our heritage". Daily Times. 6 May 2006.
14. Britannica 1910.
15. Schellinger 1996.
16. Encyclopaedia of Islam 1927.
17. "Curtain going down on cinema culture in Peshawar". Daily Times. Pakistan. 2 February 2009.
18. "Peshawar (Pakistan) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
19. "Bollywood's Shah Rukh Khan, Dilip Kumar and the Peshawar club". BBC News. 28 November 2012.
20. "Pakistan". Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2002. p. 1160+. ISBN 9781857431339.
21. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
22. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
23. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (2006), Afghans in Peshawar: Migration, settlements and social networks, Case Study Series, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
24. "Peshawar a hot-bed of spies and plotters". New Sunday Times. Malaysia. 2 November 1980.
25. "Nishtar Hall to host musical concert today after five years". Daily Times. Lahore. May 27, 2008.
26. Andrew Wander (12 July 2008). "A history of terror: Al-Qaeda 1988-2008". The Observer. UK: Guardian Media Group.
27. "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
28. Farhan Janjua (5 December 2008). "Pakistan: Deadly Bomb Blast in Peshawar". Global Voices.
29. "Taliban attack the tomb of Rahman Baba in Peshawar". Let Us Build Pakistan. 8 March 2009.
30. "Pakistan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
31. "Bomb blast hits Pakistan protest". Al Jazeera English. 19 April 2010.
32. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva
33. "Closure: Final page turns on Saeed Book Bank Peshawar". Express Tribune. Karachi. 24 February 2011.
34. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

• Edward Thornton (1844), "Peshawer", Gazetteer of the Countries Adjacent to India on the Northwest, London: W.H. Allen, hdl:2027/nyp.33433000638944, OCLC 6141828
• E.G.G. Hastings (1878), Report on the Settlement of the Peshawar District of the Punjab, Lahore
• "Towns, Municipalities, and Cantonments". Gazetteer of the Peshawar District. 1883. p. 287+. OCLC 663560992.
• David Ross (1883), "Peshawar", Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive, London: Chapman and Hall
• Edward Balfour (1885), "Peshawur", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
• Edward Thornton (1886), "Peshawar", in Roper Lethbridge and Arthur N. Wollaston (ed.), Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the Viceroy of India, London: W. H. Allen & Co., OCLC 710600

Published in 20th century

• The Punjab, its Feudatories, and the North-West Frontier Province. Census of India, 1901. 17, Part 2. Simla. 1902. Part 1
• "Peshawar City", Imperial Gazetteer of India (New ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908
• "Peshawar", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• "Peshawar", Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon (8th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1911
• "Peshawar". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1927. p. 1066. OCLC 39715711.
• Peshawar District Gazetteer, Lahore, 1933
• Ahmad Hasan Dani (1969). Peshawar, Historic City of the Frontier. Peshawar. OCLC 556485417.
• Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Peshawar". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 669+. ISBN 9781884964046.

Published in 21st century

• Maneesha Tikekar (2004), "Peshawar", Across the Wagah: an Indian's sojourn in Pakistan, New Delhi: Promilla & Co. in association with Bibliophile South Asia, New Jersey, ISBN 8185002347
• C.C. Davies; C.E. Bosworth (2007). "Peshawar". In C. E. Bosworth (ed.). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 426+. ISBN 9789004153882.

External links