Timeline of Jeddah

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Prior to 20th century

• 500 BCE - Quda'a settle.
• 647 CE - Uthman Ibn Affan, turns Jeddah into a port making it the port of Makkah instead of Al Shoaiba port.
• 703 CE - Jeddah was briefly occupied by pirates from the Kingdom of Axum.
• 969 CE - Fatimids in power.
• 1177 - Jeddah becomes part of the Ayyubid Empire.
• 1254 - City becomes part of the Mamluk Sultanate.
• 1517 - City besieged by Ottomans.
• 1525 - Barracks built; city walls rebuilt with six watchtowers and six city gates.
• 1541 - City besieged by Portuguese.[1]
• 1804 - Town besieged by Sauds.[2]
• 1811 - Ottomans in power.[1]
• 1813 - Battle of Jeddah (1813).
• 1814 - Population: 15,000 (approximate).[1]
• 1820 - European cemetery established (approximate date).[1]
• 1858 - 15 June: "Massacre."[1]
• 1881 - Nasseef House built.[3]

20th century

• 1910 - Population: 20,000 (approximate).[4]
• 1916 - Sharifians in power.[1]
• 1924 - Capital of Kingdom of Hejaz relocates to Jeddah from Mecca.[1]
• 1925 - Battle of Jeddah (1925), House of Saud in power.
• 1927 - Ittihad Football Club formed.
• 1932 - Khozam Palace built.
• 1937
  • Al Madina (newspaper) begins publication.
  • Al-Ahli Saudi Sports Club formed.
• 1938 - Al-Ahli Jeddah (basketball) club formed.
• 1946 - Jeddah Chamber of Commerce & Industry established.
• 1947 - City wall dismantled.[5]
• 1953 - National Commercial Bank headquartered in Jeddah.
• 1960 - Okaz newspaper begins publication.[6]
• 1962 - Population: 147,859.[7]
• 1967 - King Abdulaziz University established.[8]
• 1970 - Prince Abdullah al-Faisal Stadium opens.
• 1971 - Organization of the Islamic Conference headquartered in city.[9]
• 1972 - International Islamic News Agency headquartered in Jeddah.
• 1974 - Population: 561,104.[10]
• 1975
  • Islamic Development Bank headquartered in Jeddah.[11]
  • Hajj Research Centre founded at King Abdul Aziz University.
  • Arab News begins publication.[12]
• 1976 - Saudi Gazette begins publication.
• 1977 - British International School established.
• 1981 - King Abdulaziz International Airport begins operating.
• 1983 - Corniche Road constructed.[5]
• 1984 - Dallah Al-Baraka in business.
• 1985 - King Fahd's Fountain begins operating.
• 1987
  • Jufali Mosque, King Saud Mosque,[13] and Al-Mahmal Center built.[3]
  • King Abdul Aziz Public Library[14] and Prince Sultan bin Fahd Stadium open.
  • Population: 1,312,000.[5]
• 1988 - Azizeyah Mosque,[3] Binladen Mosque, and Suleiman Mosque built.[13]
• 1990
  • Jeddah Light (lighthouse) constructed.
  • Jeddah Historical Preservation Society organized.[15]
• 1993 - Arab Radio and Television Network established.
• 1998
  • Iqraa TV headquartered in Jeddah.
  • Al-Ittihad Jeddah (basketball) club formed.
• 1999
  • Jeddah Economic Forum begins.
  • Saudi Geological Survey headquartered in Jeddah.

21st century

• 2003 - Jeddah United women's basketball team formed.[16]
• 2005
  • Adel Fakeih becomes mayor.
  • Population: 2,800,000 (estimate).[1]
  • Serafi Mega Mall in business.
• 2006
  • Jeddah Film Festival begins.[17]
  • Jeddah TV Tower built.
• 2008 - Mall of Arabia and Red Sea Mall in business.
• 2009 - 25 November: Flood.[18]
• 2010
  • Hani Mohammad Aburas becomes mayor.[19]
  • Population: 3,430,697.[20]
• 2011
  • 26 January: Flood.[21]
  • King Road Tower built.
  • Women to drive demonstrations.[22]
• 2012 - Population: 5,112,018.
• 2014 - Air pollution in Jeddah reaches annual mean of 68 PM2.5 and 161 PM10, much higher than recommended.[23]

See also

• List of universities and colleges in Jeddah
• Timelines of other cities in Saudi Arabia: Mecca, Medina, Riyadh

References

1. Bosworth 2007.
2. Milburn 1813.
3. Saudi Arabia: Jeddah, ArchNet, archived from the original on March 2012
4. Britannica 1910.
5. Daghistani 1993.
6. "Spreading the Word: Who's Who in the Arab Media", New York Times, 6 February 2005
7. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
8. Ayman Shabana (2010), "Saudi Arabia: Libraries, Archives and Museums", in Marcia J. Bates (ed.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, ISBN 9780849397127
9. Richard Green (2004). "Major Non-UN Organizations". Chronology of International Organizations. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-35590-6.
10. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
11. M. Kabir Hassan; Mervyn Lewis, eds. (2007). Handbook of Islamic Banking. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84720-541-4.
12. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
13. Andrea L. Stanton, ed. (2012). Middle East. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia: an Encyclopedia. Sage. ISBN 9781412981767.
14. "About the Library". King Abdulaziz Public Library. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
15. Nancy Um (2012). "Reflections on the Red Sea Style: Beyond the Surface of Coastal Architecture". Northeast African Studies. 12.
16. "Saudi Women And the Right To Play Sports". New York Times. 20 November 2010.
17. Ali Jaafar (20 July 2009). "Saudi Arabia nixes Jeddah festival". Variety. Los Angeles.
18. Karen Elliott House (2013). On Saudi Arabia. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-47328-8.
19. "Jeddah Municipality". Retrieved 30 January 2013.
20. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
21. "Floods inundate Saudi city". Al Jazeera.com. 27 January 2011.
22. "Saudi Women Defy Driving Ban". New York Times. 17 June 2011.
23. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva

Bibliography

Published in 18th-19th centuries

• Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the City of Jidda and its Vicinity". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son – via HathiTrust.
• William Milburn (1813), "Judda", Oriental Commerce, London: Black, Parry & Co., OCLC 6856418
• Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1829). "(Djidda)". Travels in Arabia. London: H. Colburn.
• James Horsburgh (1852). "Red Sea, East Side: Jiddah". India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America (6th ed.). London: William H. Allen & Co. – via Google Books.
• Richard Burton (1857), "To Jeddah", Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to el Medinah and Meccah (2nd ed.), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, OCLC 5778233
• Heinrich Freiherrn von Maltzan (1865), "Dschedda", Meine Wallfahrt nach Mekka (in German), Leipzig: Dyk'sche Buchhandlung, OCLC 72240504

Published in 20th century

• "Jidda", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• A. Pesce. Jiddah: Portrait of an Arabian City. London, 1974.
• Madge Pendleton (1984), "Jeddah", Green Book Guide for Living in Saudi Arabia (4th ed.), Washington DC: Middle East Editorial Associates, OL 8342230M
• Abdal-Majeed Ismail Daghistani (1993), A Case Study in Planning Implementation: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Global Urban Research Unit
• Tawfiq M. Abu-Ghazzeh (1994). "Built Form and Religion: Underlying Structures of Jeddah Al-Qademah". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments. 5 – via University of California, Berkeley.
• "Jeddah", Arab Gulf States, Lonely Planet, 1993, OL 8314448M

Published in 21st century

• Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Jeddah". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
• Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Jeddah". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. p. 298. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.

External links

• "Jeddah History". Jeddah Municipality. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
• Paul Salopek (May 2013). "Walking Jeddah". Out of Eden Walk. USA: Knight Foundation.