The Flowers of War

The Flowers of War (Chinese: 金陵十三钗) is a 2011 historical drama war film directed by Zhang Yimou, starring Christian Bale, Ni Ni, Zhang Xinyi, Tong Dawei, Atsuro Watabe, Shigeo Kobayashi and Cao Kefan.[4][5][6] The film is based on a novella by Geling Yan, 13 Flowers of Nanjing, inspired by the diary of Minnie Vautrin.[7] The story is set in Nanking, China, during the 1937 Nanking Massacre in the Second Sino-Japanese War. A group of escapees, finding sanctuary in a church compound, try to survive the Japanese atrocities.[8][9]

The Flowers of War
Theatrical release poster
Traditional金陵十三釵
Simplified金陵十三钗
MandarinJīnlíng shísān chāi
LiterallyThirteen Hairpins of Jinling
Directed byZhang Yimou
Produced byWilliam Kong
David Linde
Zhang Weiping
Zhang Yimou
Brandt Andersen
Written byLiu Heng
Based on13 Flowers of Nanjing
by Geling Yan
StarringChristian Bale
Ni Ni
Zhang Xinyi
Tong Dawei
Atsuro Watabe
Shigeo Kobayashi
Cao Kefan
Music byQigang Chen
CinematographyZhao Xiaoding
Edited byPeicong Meng
Production
company
EDKO Film
Beijing New Picture Film
New Picture Company
Distributed byEDKO Film
Wrekin Hill Entertainment
Row 1 Productions
Release date
  • December 16, 2011 (2011-12-16) (China)
Running time
146 minutes
CountryChina
Hong Kong
LanguageMandarin
English
Japanese
Budget$94 million[1]
Box officeIn China: $95,311,434[2][3]

It was selected as the Chinese entry for Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards,[10][11][12] but did not make the final shortlist.[13] It also received a nomination for the 69th Golden Globe Awards.[14] The 6th Asian Film Awards presented The Flowers of War with several individual nominations, including Best Film.[15][16] The film's North American distribution rights were acquired by Wrekin Hill Entertainment, in association with Row 1 Productions, leading to an Oscar-qualifying limited release in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco in late December 2011, with general release in January 2012.[17][18][19]

Plot

In 1937, Japan invades China, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese Imperial Army overruns China's capital city, Nanking, in December and carries out the Nanking massacre. As the Japanese overrun the Chinese army, desperate schoolgirls flee to the sanctuary of their convent at a Western-run Roman Catholic cathedral. John Miller (Bale), an American mortician on a task to bury the head priest, joins the group of innocent schoolgirls. He finds George, an orphan boy who was raised by the dead priest and taught English. Soon a group of flamboyant prostitutes arrive at the cathedral, seeking refuge by hiding in the cellar. Pretending to be a priest, Miller tries to keep everyone safe while trying to repair the convent's truck to escape.

After an incident when rogue Japanese forces assault the cathedral (who are then killed by the dying effort of a lone Chinese Major (Tong)), Japanese Colonel Hasegawa promises to protect the convent by placing guards outside the gate and requests that the schoolgirls sing a chorale for him. Several days later, he hands Miller an official invitation for the schoolgirls to sing at the Japanese Army's victory celebration. Fearing for the safety of the virginal schoolgirls, Miller declines. Hasegawa informs him that it is an order and that the girls are going to be picked up the next day. Before they leave, the Japanese soldiers count the schoolgirls and erroneously include one of the prostitutes (who has strayed from the cellar), totalling 13.

When the de facto leader of the schoolgirls, Shu Juan (Zhang Xinyi), convinces them that they are better off committing suicide by jumping off the cathedral tower, they are saved at the last moment when the de facto leader of the prostitutes, Yu Mo (Ni), convinces her group to protect the schoolgirls by taking their place at the Japanese party. As there are only 12 prostitutes, George, the dead priest's adoptive son, volunteers as well. Miller initially opposes their self-sacrificing decision but relents and assists in disguising them, using his skills as a mortician to adjust their makeup and cut their hair to appear like schoolgirls. The prostitutes also create knives out of broken windows and hide them in their cloaks.

The next day, the "13 Flowers of Nanking" are led away by the unsuspecting Japanese soldiers. After they depart, Miller hides the schoolgirls on the truck he repaired and using a single-person permit provided by the father of a schoolgirl, drives out of Nanking. In the last scene, the truck is seen driving on a deserted highway heading west, away from the Japanese army. The fate of the 13 Flowers remains unknown, apparently martyring themselves for the schoolgirls' freedom.

Cast

Production

In December 2010, it was announced that the film would be made, and pre-production started the same month. They began shooting on location in Nanjing, China, on January 10, 2011.[20] The dialogue of the film was shot about 40% in English and the rest in Mandarin Chinese (particularly in the Nanjing dialect, distinct from Standard Chinese) and Japanese,[21][22] with an estimated production budget of $94 million,[1] which makes it the most expensive film in Chinese history.[23]

No matter what wars or disasters happen in history, what surrounds these times is life, love, salvation and humanity. I hope those things are felt in this story. The human side of the story was more important to me than the background of the Nanjing massacre. Human nature, love and sacrifice – these are the things that are truly eternal. For me, the event is the historical background of the film. But the enduring question of the story is how the human spirit is expressed in wartime.[24]

Zhang Yimou on the film's message.

To distinguish the film from previous depictions of the same subject, Zhang said that he tried to portray the Japanese invaders with multiple layers. Regarding Colonel Hasegawa's sympathetic features, he explained that "in 1937, the militaristic notion among Japanese armies was very prevalent, and officers were not allowed to sing a homesick folk song, but we still wanted to endow this character with something special."[25] The director articulated that his biggest, though challenging, accomplishment in the film was the creation of John Miller, saying that "this kind of character, a foreigner, a drifter, a thug almost, becomes a hero and saves the lives of Chinese people. That has never ever happened in Chinese filmmaking, and I think it will never happen again in the future." Filming completed within 6 months.[26] One challenging aspect was what Zhang called the "very slow pace" of negotiation with the Chinese censorship authorities during the editing process.[27]

Marketing

On September 9, 2011, the film was retitled The Flowers of War, after a 20-minute screening for prominent U.S. film distributors and the media at the Toronto International Film Festival.[28] Zhang stated that the story in The Flowers of War differs from many other Chinese films on this subject as it is told from the perspectives of women.[29] In October 2011, the first trailer was released, making way for an American trailer to be revealed.[30][31][32][33]

Release

On November 22, 2011, New Pictures Film requested an inflation in the minimum ticket price within China. When in negotiations with the eight cinema circuits in question, it resulted in a threat to boycott the movie over the distributors' share. Wu Hehu, the general manager of Shanghai United Cinema Circuit, made a statement, saying “this is a simple business situation. Without the agreement, we cannot screen the film." Zhang Weiping, producer of The Flowers of War and head of New Pictures Film, also refused to make any concessions. A letter was sent to the Film Bureau of SARFT, hoping it would mediate the dispute.[34] At the order of SARFT, both sides were to reach a compromise, which was achieved after four hours of negotiation.[35][36]

China

The Flowers of War was released in China just days after the 74th anniversary of the Nanking Massacre.[37] In its first four days of release, it took in $24 million at the box office.[38][39] It was the top-grossing Chinese film of 2011, having earned $70 million after two weeks.[40][41] After 17 days, the movie had grossed nearly $83 million, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film in China, following American exports such as Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen ($145.5 million) and Avatar ($204 million).[42][43] After five weeks of release the movie earned $93 million.[44] The film reportedly earned $95 million in China.[2]

Critical reaction

The movie received mixed reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported a 41% critical approval rating based on 58 reviews, with an average of 5.53/10.[45] Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film an average score of 46 (out of 100) based on 22 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews.[46]

Twitch Film called it "arguably the most eagerly-anticipated Chinese movie of the year", saying that "The Flowers of War is a big movie in every sense of the word, from its kinetic battle scenes to the beautiful photography and impressive performances from a mostly young and inexperienced cast."[47] Pete Hammond from Boxoffice Magazine gave it 4 stars of 5, and said "The Flowers of War is ultimately an inspiring, stirring and unforgettable human drama in the face of a horrifying war. It is highly recommended."[48] Variety gave a generally positive review, describing the film as "a uniquely harrowing account of the rape of Nanjing," and defined it as "a work of often garish dramatic flourishes yet undeniable emotional power, finding humor and heartbreak in a tale of unlikely heroism in close quarters."[49] Andrew Pulver describes it as "a new dawn in China-Hollywood co-operation", arguing that "this ambitious war film from Zhang Yimou is an attempt to turn the revolting aftermath of the 1937 Japanese assault on Nanjing into a globally friendly, putatively inspiring epic that also aims to underscore the US and China's geopolitical mutual respect."[50]

Most negative feedback from critics were similar to that from Toronto Star, which gave the film 2.5/4, and said that "the drama is often weakened by the penchant for creating spectacles."[51] Roger Ebert, who gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, took issue with making the story about a white American, "Can you think of any reason the character John Miller is needed to tell his story? Was any consideration given to the possibility of a Chinese priest? Would that be asking for too much?"[52]

Accolades
Award Category Recipients and nominees Result
Asian Film Awards[53] Best Composer Qigang Chen Nominated
Best Costume Designer William Chang Nominated
Best Director Zhang Yimou Nominated
Best Film The Flowers of War Nominated
Best Newcomer Ni Ni Won
Best Screenwriter Geling Yan and Liu Heng Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[54] Best Foreign Language Film The Flowers of War Nominated
Hong Kong Film Award[55] Best Film of Mainland and Taiwan Nominated
The Golden Reel Awards[56] Best Sound Editing – Foreign Feature Row 1 Entertainment Won

Home media

The Flowers of War was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on June 10, 2012.[57][58]

See also

References
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