Serotonin receptor antagonist

A serotonin antagonist, or serotonin receptor antagonist, is a drug used to inhibit the action at serotonin (5-HT) receptors.

Types

5-HT_2A antagonists

Antagonists of the 5-HT_2A receptor are sometimes used as atypical antipsychotics (contrast with typical antipsychotics, which are purely dopamine antagonists).

They include, but are not limited to:

• Cyproheptadine blocks 5-HT_2A, H1 and is a mild anticholinergic.
• Methysergide is a 5-HT_2A antagonist and nonselective 5-HT₁ receptor blocker. It causes retroperitoneal fibrosis and mediastinal fibrosis.
• Quetiapine blocks 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_1A, dopamine receptors D₁ and D₂, histamine receptor H1, and A1 adrenoreceptors.

5-HT_2A/2C antagonists

• Ketanserin Antihypertensive. Blocks 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2C and Alpha 1 (A1) adrenoreceptors.
• Risperidone antipsychotic
• Trazodone antidepressant
• Clozapine antipsychotic. Blocks 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2C and D₄ receptors.
• Nefazodone acts primarily as a potent 5-HT_2A antagonist.

5-HT₃ antagonists

Another subclass consists of drugs selectively acting at the 5-HT₃ receptors, and thus are known as 5-HT₃ antagonists. They are efficacious in treating chemotherapy-induced emesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting.[1]

They include, but are not limited to:

• Dolasetron
• Granisetron
• Ondansetron
• Palonosetron
• Tropisetron

Other 5-HT₃ antagonists are used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome:

• Alosetron
• Cilansetron

Also, the antidepressant mirtazapine acts as a 5-HT₃ antagonist.

Non-selective 5-HT antagonists

Please note, that although some non-selective serotonin antagonists may have a particular affinity for a specific 5-HT receptor (and thus may be listed below e.g., methysergide), they still may also possess a generalised non-selective action.

They include, but are not limited to:

• Chlorpromazine
• Cyproheptadine
• Metergoline
• Methysergide
• Mianserin
• Mirtazapine
• Oxetorone
• Pizotifen
• Propranolol
• Ritanserin
• Spiperone

Antihistamines with antiserotonergic activity

• Carbinoxamine
• Cyproheptadine
• Hydroxyzine
• Methdilazine
• Pizotifen
• Promethazine
• Pizotifen is a 5-HT_2C antagonist, H1 blocker and anticholinergic useful in migraine prophylaxis. Also used in the treatment of migrane.
• Oxatomide
• Oxetorone Also used in the treatment of migrane.
• Ketotifen

Others

• Fenclonine (para-chlorophenylalanine; PCPA) An inhibitor of serotonin synthesis that has been used in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome.
• Feverfew[2] Is a herb traditionally used for migraines.
• Reserpine Depletes serotonin stores in the brain, heart, and many other organs and has been used in hypertension and psychosis

See also

• Serotonin receptor agonist

References

1. Lindley, C.; Blower, P. (2000). "Oral serotonin type 3-receptor antagonists for prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 57 (18): 1685–1697. doi:10.1093/ajhp/57.18.1685. PMID 11006796.
2. Pittler MH, Ernst E (2004). "Feverfew for preventing migraine". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD002286. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002286.pub2. PMID 14973986.

External links

• Serotonin+Antagonists at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• MeSH list of agents 82012702