Sándor Wekerle

Sándor Wekerle (14 November 1848 – 26 August 1921) was a Hungarian politician who served three times as prime minister. He was the first non-noble to hold the office in Hungary.

Sándor Wekerle
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
In office 17 November 1892 – 14 January 1895
Monarch	Francis Joseph I
Preceded by	Gyula Szapáry
Succeeded by	Dezső Bánffy
In office 8 April 1906 – 17 January 1910
Monarch	Francis Joseph I
Preceded by	Géza Fejérváry
Succeeded by	Károly Khuen-Héderváry
In office 20 August 1917 – 30 October 1918
Monarch	Charles IV
Preceded by	Móric Esterházy
Succeeded by	János Hadik
Personal details
Born	14 November 1848 Mór, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire
Died	26 August 1921 (aged 72) Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
Nationality	Hungarian
Political party	Liberal Party (-1906) National Constitution Party (1906-1918) Constitution Party of '48 (1918)
Spouse(s)	Gizella Molnár
Children	Sándor
Profession	Jurist, Politician

Biography

He was born in Mór to a Danube Swabian family, in the comitatus of Fejér. His mother was Antónia Szép. After studying law at the University of Budapest he graduated doctor juris. He then entered the government service, and after a period of probation was appointed to a post in the ministry of finance. He still, however, continued an academic career by lecturing on political economy at the university.

In 1886 Wekerle was elected to the House of Deputies, became in the same year financial secretary of state, and in 1889 succeeded Kálmán Tisza as minister of finance. He immediately addressed himself to the task of improving the financial position of the country, carried out the conversion of the state loans, and succeeded, for the first time in the history of the Hungarian budget, in avoiding a deficit.

In November 1892 Wekerle succeeded Count Gyula Szapáry as premier, though still retaining the portfolio of finance. At the head of a strong government he was enabled, in spite of a powerful opposition of Catholics and Magnates, to carry in 1894 the Civil Marriage Bill. The continued opposition of the clerical party, however, brought about his resignation on 22 December 1894, when he was succeeded by Dezső Bánffy. On 1 January 1897 he was appointed president of the newly created judicial commission at Budapest, and for the next few years held aloof from politics, even under the ex-lex government of Khuen-Héderváry. On the reconciliation of the king-emperor with the coalition he was therefore selected as the most suitable man to lead the new government, and on 8 April 1906 was appointed prime minister, taking at the same time the portfolio of finance. He resigned the premiership on 27 April 1909, but was not relieved of his office until the formation of the Khuen-Héderváry cabinet on 17 January 1910.

Wekerle returned to power in 1917, and served for the last year of the First World War. As in his 1906 to 1910 ministry, Wekerle was largely acting as a figurehead for a coalition of stronger personalities around him. Although, towards its end, the ministry began to move in the direction of an expansion of the Hungarian franchise, events, particularly the imminent military defeat of Austria-Hungary and its allies, moved too fast for it, and Wekerle resigned in October 1918.

During the time of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, Wekerle was held prisoner as a hostage.[1]

Legacy

Wekerle died in Budapest, aged 72.[2] In the south of Budapest, the notable Wekerle estate (Wekerletelep) neighbourhood is named after him. Built before World War II, its central square was designed by the architect Károly Kós. The neighbourhood provided affordable housing to working-class families in a green, open and familiar setting. This was an early example of a planned residential neighbourhood in Europe.

Notes

1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Wekerle, Alexander" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
2. Spencer Tucker (2006). World War I: A Student Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 1916. ISBN 978-1-85109-879-8.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wekerle, Santor". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.