Resident Commissioner of the Philippines

Resident Commissioner of the Philippines
Inaugural holder	Benito Legarda; Pablo Ocampo
Formation	November 22, 1907
Final holder	Carlos P. Romulo
Abolished	July 4, 1946

The Resident Commissioner of the Philippines was a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives sent by the Philippines from 1907 until its internationally recognized independence in 1946. It was similar to current non-voting members of Congress such as the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico and delegates from Washington, D.C., Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and other United States territories.

Like current non-voting members, Resident Commissioners could speak and otherwise participate in the business of the House, but did not have full voting rights. Two were sent until 1937 when after the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the number was changed to one.[1]

History

Philippine Commissioner J.M. Elizalde with future Philippine president Sergio Osmena and John W. Hausermann, (a Republican Party leader and goldmine owner in the Philippines), in 1938 or 1939, Library of Congress

The Philippines was a United States territory from 13 August 1898 until Philippine independence was internationally recognized on 4 July 1946.

The office was first created by the Philippine Organic Act (1902) section 8 and re-authorized on its subsequent replacements—the Jones Law of 1916 (known as the Philippine Autonomy Act) section 20, and the Tydings–McDuffie Act of 1934 (known as the Philippine Independence Act) section 7(5).

The procedures for appointment of the Resident Commissioners were ambiguous and a source of friction.[2] Under the Insular Government, they were appointed by the American government-appointed Philippine Commission with agreement of the fully elected, fully Filipino Philippine Assembly. This conflict ended when the Tydings-McDuffle Act dissolved the Commission and replaced it with the Philippine Senate, the upper house of the new Philippine Commonwealth legislature.

List of Resident Commissioners

Territorial era: 1907–1936

Cong ress	Years	Seat A			Seat B
Cong ress	Years	Resident commissioner	Party	Electoral history	Resident commissioner	Party	Electoral history
60th	November 22, 1907 – March 3, 1909	Benito Legarda	Federalist (Republican)	Retired.	Pablo Ocampo	Democratic	Retired.
61st	March 4, 1909 – November 22, 1909				Pablo Ocampo	Democratic	Retired.
61st	November 23, 1909 – March 3, 1911				Manuel L. Quezón	Nacionalista	Retired.
62nd	March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1913
63rd	March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915	Manuel Earnshaw	Nonpartisan	Retired.
64th	March 4, 1915 – October 15, 1916
64th	October 16, 1916 – March 3, 1917				Vacant
65th	March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1919	Jaime C. de Veyra	Nacionalista	Retired.	Teodoro R. Yangco	Nonpartisan	Retired.
66th	March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1920				Teodoro R. Yangco	Nonpartisan	Retired.
66th	March 4, 1920 – March 3, 1921				Isauro Gabaldón	Nacionalista	Resigned.
67th	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923
68th	March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1925	Pedro Guevara	Nacionalista	Retired.
69th	March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1927
70th	March 4, 1927 – July 16, 1928
70th	July 16, 1928 – March 3, 1929				Vacant
71st	March 4, 1929 – March 3, 1931				Camilo Osías	Nacionalista	Retired.
72nd	March 4, 1931 – March 3, 1933
73rd	March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935
74th	January 3, 1935 – February 14, 1936				Francisco Afan Delgado	Nacionalista	Retired.

Commonwealth era: 1936–1946

Resident commissioner	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
Quintín Paredes	Nacionalista	February 14, 1936 – September 29, 1938	74th 75th	Resigned
Joaquín Miguel Elizalde	Nonpartisan	September 29, 1938 – August 9, 1944	76th 77th 78th	Resigned
Carlos P. Romulo	Liberal	August 10, 1944 – July 4, 1946	78th 79th	Resigned; final Philippine representative

References

Dorothy B. Fujita-Rony (2003). American Workers, Colonial Power. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23095-7.
Kramer, Paul Alexander (2006). The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, & the Philippines. University of North Carolina Press. p. 325. ISBN 9780807856536.

External links

"PI Resident Commissioner - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved August 28, 2020.

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[1] Dorothy B. Fujita-Rony (2003). American Workers, Colonial Power. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23095-7.

[2] Kramer, Paul Alexander (2006). The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, & the Philippines. University of North Carolina Press. p. 325. ISBN 9780807856536.

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