Nacionalista Party

The Nacionalista Party (Filipino: Partido Nacionalista) is the oldest political party in both the Philippines and in Southeast Asia in general. It is responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Presidents Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953–1961 (under Presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia) and 1965–1972 (under President Ferdinand Marcos).

For National and Nationalist Parties in other countries, see National Party and Nationalist Party.

Nacionalista Party

Partido Nacionalista
PresidentManuel Villar
ChairmanCynthia Villar
Secretary-GeneralAlan Peter Cayetano
FounderManuel L. Quezon
Sergio Osmeña
FoundedApril 25, 1907 (1907-04-25)
HeadquartersStarmall EDSA-Shaw 4F, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila
Youth wingYoung Nacionalistas (YN)
IdeologyModern:
Conservatism[1][2]
National conservatism[3]
Populism (since 1946)[4][5]
Historical:
Filipino nationalism (1907–1978)[6]
Political positionClaimed:
Big tent[5][1][7]
Traditional spectrum:
Centre-right[8][2]
National affiliationCoalition for Change
ColorsNational colors:
  Red,   blue, and   white
Customary:
  Light green
SloganAng Bayan Higit sa Lahat
(The Nation Above All Else)
Seats in the Senate
4 / 24
Seats in the House of Representatives
42 / 304
Provincial governorships
8 / 81
Provincial vice governorships
11 / 81
Provincial board members
116 / 1,023

Ideology

The Nacionalista Party was initially created as a Filipino nationalist party that supported Philippine independence until 1946 when the United States granted independence to the country.[1][6][7] Since then, many scholarly articles that dealt with the history of political parties during the Third Republic agreed that the party has been increasingly populist,[4][5][7][9][10] although some argued they had conservative[1][8] tendencies because of their opposition to the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party. The populist ideology of the party remained to present day as described on their website.

History

The original Nacionalista Party that was founded on August 21, 1901 in Calle Gunao, Quiapo, Manila, was forgotten. In that Quiapo Assembly, the following officers of the true Nacionalista were elected, namely Santiago Álvarez and Pascual Poblete as presidents; Andres Villanueva, vice president; Macario Sakay, secretary general; Francisco Carreón, Alejandro Santiago, Domingo Moriones, Águedo del Rosario, Cenón Nicdao, Nicolás Rivera, Salustiano Santiago, Aurelio Tolentino, Pantaleón Torres, Valentín Diza, Briccio Pantas, Lope K. Santos, Pío H. Santos, Salustiano Cruz, Valentín Solís and José Palma.

The party began as the country's vehicle for independence, through the building of a modern nation-state and the advocacy of efficient self-rule, dominating the Philippine Assembly (1907–1916), the Philippine Legislature (1916–1935) and the pre-war years of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1941). During the Japanese occupation, political parties were replaced by the KALIBAPI.

By the second half of the century, the party was one of the main political contenders for leadership in the country in competition with the Liberals and the Progressives during the decades between the devastation of World War II and the violent suppression of partisan politics of the Ferdinand Marcos dictatorship.

In 1978, in a throwback to the Japanese occupation, political parties were asked to merge into the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, although the Nacionalistas preferred to go into hibernation. Eventually, the party was revived during the late 1980s and early 1990s by the Laurel family, which has dominated the party since the 1950s. The Nacionalista Party is now being led by party president and former Senator Manuel Villar and had three vice presidential candidates running independently or in tandem with other political parties (Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos and Antonio Trillanes) in the 2016 general elections. Two of the other present parties, the Liberal Party and the Nationalist People's Coalition, are breakaways from the Nacionalista Party.[1]

Electoral performance

President
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
1935 Manuel L. Quezon 695,332 67.99% Won
1941 Manuel L. Quezon 1,340,320 81.78% Won
1946 Sergio Osmeña 1,129,996 45.71% Lost
1949 José P. Laurel 1,318,330 37.22% Lost
1953 Ramon Magsaysay 2,912,992 68.90% Won
1957 Carlos P. Garcia 2,072,257 41.28% Won
1961 Carlos P. Garcia 2,902,996 44.95% Lost
1965 Ferdinand Marcos 3,861,324 51.94% Won
1969 Ferdinand Marcos 5,017,343 61.47% Won
1981 Alejo Santos (Roy wing) 1,716,449 8.25% Lost as main wing boycotted
1986 N/A N/A N/A Supported Corazon Aquino who won
1992 Salvador Laurel 770,046 3.40% Lost
1998 N/A N/A N/A Did not take part
2004 N/A N/A N/A Supported Gloria Macapagal Arroyo who won
2010 Manuel Villar 5,573,835 15.42% Lost
2016 N/A N/A N/A Supported Rodrigo Duterte who won

Vice president
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
1935 Sergio Osmeña 812,352 86.91% Won
1941 Sergio Osmeña 1,445,897 92.10% Won
1946 Eulogio Rodriguez 1,051,243 47.38% Lost
1949 Manuel Briones 1,184,215 46.08% Lost
1953 Carlos P. Garcia 2,515,265 62.90% Won
1957 José Laurel Jr. 1,783,012 37.91% Lost
1961 Gil Puyat 1,787,987 28.06% Lost
1965 Fernando Lopez 3,531,550 48.48% Won
1969 Fernando Lopez 5,001,737 62.76% Won
1986 N/A N/A N/A Supported Salvador Laurel who won
1992 Eva Estrada Kalaw 255,730 1.25% Lost
1998 N/A N/A N/A Did not take part
2004 N/A N/A N/A Supported Noli de Castro who won
2010 N/A N/A N/A Supported Loren Legarda who lost
2016 N/A N/A N/A Supported either Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos or Antonio Trillanes who all lost

Senate
Election Number of votes Share of votes Seats won Seats after Outcome of election
1916 See seats after
22 / 24
1919 See seats after
21 / 24
 Won
1922 See seats after
15 / 24
 Split into Osmeña bloc (12) that won and Quezon bloc (3) that lost
1925 See seats after
14 / 24
 Won
1928 See seats after
24 / 24
 Won
1931 See seats after
22 / 24
 Won
1934 See seats after
7 / 24
 Lost
1941 See seats after
24 / 24
 Won
1946 7,454,074 41.2%
7 / 16
15 / 24
 Lost
1947 10,114,453 45.0%
1 / 8
8 / 24
 Lost
1949 8,900,568 36.6%
0 / 8
4 / 24
 Lost
1951 13,266,643 59.1%
9 / 9
12 / 24
 Won
1953 9,813,166 39.8%
5 / 8
13 / 24
 Won
1955 17,319,389 67.6%
9 / 9
21 / 24
 Won
1957 13,273,945 47.2%
6 / 8
20 / 24
 Won
1959 17,160,618 50.1%
5 / 8
19 / 24
 Won
1961 17,834,477 45.1%
2 / 8
13 / 24
 Won
1963 22,983,457 50.2%
4 / 8
11 / 24
 Lost
1965 21,619,502 43.8%
5 / 8
11 / 24
 Won
1967 30,704,100 62.8%
6 / 8
16 / 24
 Won
1969 32,726,305 60.8%
6 / 8
18 / 24
 Won
1971 24,819,175 42.6%
3 / 8
16 / 24
 Won
1987 N/A N/A N/A N/A Took part as member of GAD
1992 14,499,923 5.3%
0 / 24
0 / 24
 Lost
1995 N/A N/A N/A N/A Did not take part
1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A Did not take part
2001 770,647 0.3%
0 / 13
0 / 24
 Lost
2004 N/A N/A N/A N/A Did not take part
2007 27,125,724 10.1%
2 / 12
3 / 24
 Nacionalista-led coalition
2010 49,585,503 16.7%
3 / 12
4 / 24
 Split as two supported the PMP-led coalition, but both lost
2013 45,100,266 15.3%
3 / 12
5 / 24
 Liberal-led coalition
2016 2,775,191 14.4%
0 / 12
3 / 24
 Split, PDP–Laban-led coalition and lost
2019 60,955,374 16.01%
3 / 12
4 / 24
 Split, NPC-led coalition

House of Representatives
Election Number of votes Share of votes Seats Outcome of election
1907
32 / 80
 Won
1909
62 / 81
 Won
1912
62 / 81
 Won
1916
75 / 90
 Won
1919
83 / 90
 Won
1922
64 / 93
 Split into Quezon bloc (35) that won and Osmeña bloc (29) that lost
1925
64 / 92
 Won
1928
71 / 94
 Won
1931
66 / 94
 Won
1934
89 / 92
 Split into Quezon bloc (70) that won and Osmeña bloc (19) that lost
1935
83 / 89
 Won
1938
98 / 98
 Won
1941
95 / 98
 Won
1946 908,740 37.84%
35 / 98
 Lost
1949 1,178,402 34.05%
33 / 100
 Lost
1953 1,930,367 47.30%
31 / 102
 Lost
1957 2,948,409 61.18%
82 / 102
 Won
1961 3,923,390 61.02%
74 / 104
 Won
1965 3,028,224 41.76%
38 / 104
 Lost
1969 4,590,374 80.00%
88 / 110
 Won
1978 688,130 0.33%
0 / 165
 Lost
1984
2 / 183
 Lost
1987* 1,444,399 7.19%
4 / 200
 Lakas ng Bansa-led coalition
1992** 730,696 3.92%
4 / 199
 Lakas–NUCD–UMDP-led coalition
1995* 153,088 0.79%
1 / 204
 Lakas–NUCD–UMDP-led coalition
1998* 4,412 0.02%
0 / 245
 Did not take part
2001 N/A N/A N/A Did not take part
2004
2 / 237
 Lakas–CMD-led coalition
2007
11 / 271
 Lakas–CMD-led coalition
2010 3,872,637 11.35%
25 / 287
 Liberal-led coalition
2013 2,340,994 8.49%
17 / 292
 Liberal-led coalition
2016 3,512,975 9.42%
24 / 297
 PDP–Laban-led coalition
2019 6,554,911 13.73%
42 / 304
 Nacionalista-led coalition

*It does not include candidates who ran as under a Liberal Party ticket along with another party.
**In coalition with PDP–Laban

Notable Nacionalistas

Past
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Throughout their careers, many of the country's politicians, statesmen and leaders were in whole or in part Nacionalistas. Notable names include the following:

Senators

Most of these individuals embody solid political traditions of economic and political nationalism are pertinent today, even with the party's subsequent decline.

Current party officials

Some members of the House of Representatives and Senate include—but are not limited to—the following:

Nacionalista-affiliated parties

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2010
Main article: 2010 Philippine general election

Senatorial Slate (11)

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2013
Main article: 2013 Philippine general election

Senatorial Slate (3) (Team PNoy)

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2016
Main article: 2016 Philippine general election

Vice President:

Senatorial Slate

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2019
Main article: 2019 Philippine general election

Senatorial Slate (3) (Hugpong ng Pagbabago)

Current members, 18th Congress

Senate
Main article: 18th Congress of the Philippines

District Representatives

Partylist allies
  • Ronnie Ong (Ang Probinsyano)
  • Naealla Rose Bainto-Aguinaldo (Bahay)
  • Michael Edgar Aglipay (DIWA)
  • Sharon Garin (AAMBIS-OWA)
  • Rico Geron (AGAP)
  • Irene Gay Saulog (Kalinga)
  • Allan Ty (LPGMA)
  • Francisco Datol, Jr. (Senior Citizen)

Nacionalista Party presidents
Term Name
1907–1935House Speaker Sergio Osmeña
1935–1944President Manuel L. Quezon
1944–1953President Sergio Osmeña
1953–1964Senator Eulogio Rodriguez
1964–1980Senator Gil Puyat
1980–1989Former House Speaker José Laurel, Jr.
1989–2003Last Prime minister and Former Vice President Salvador Laurel
2003–presentFormer Senate President Manuel Villar

Controversy over dominant-minority status

In the 2010 general election, the Nacionalista and the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) formed an alliance after it was approved by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) on April 12, 2010.[16] The Nacionalistas fielded Senator Manuel Villar and running with fellow Senator Loren Legarda who is a member of the NPC. It became the dominant minority party after a resolution passed by the COMELEC. On April 21, 2010, it was blocked by the Supreme Court after a suit filed by the rival Liberal Party.[16] On May 6, 2010, the Supreme Court nullified the merger and therefore giving the Liberal Party to be the dominant minority party. It was based on a resolution by the COMELEC giving political parties to be accredited by August 17, 2009.[17]

The coalition was made to help the Nacionalista Party to help boost the presidential campaign of Senator Villar and have a chance to be the dominant minority party by the COMELEC which give the rights to poll watchers during the canvassing of votes.[18] However, it is being challenged by the Liberal Party calls the said alliance a bogus alliance and they are seeking the same party status by the COMELEC.[16] Several local races are also being challenged from both parties, therefore causing confusion in those races.[18]

See also

References
  1. Dayley, Robert (2016). Southeast Asia In The New International Era. Avalon Publishing. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  2. Guillermo A. Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  3. Teehankee, Julio (2016). "Weak State, Strong Presidents: Situating the Duterte Presidency in Philippine Political Time". Journal of Developing Societies. 3 (3).
  4. Bertrand, J. (2013). Political Change in Southeast Asia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Berneo, N.; Yashar, D. (2016). Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World. New York: Cambridge University Press USA.
  6. Liow, J.; Leifer, M. (1995). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia. New York: Routledge. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  7. Celoza, A. Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  8. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, Volumes 34–35 (1990). UP College of Public Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  9. Simbulan, D. (2005). The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy. Quezon City: UP Press.
  10. Del Rosario, Simon G. (1973). An Integrated Course on Communism and Democracy. SGR Research & Pub.
  11. Laurel was member of the NP before 1942 and from 1945–1959. During his tenure as President, he was affiliated with KALIBAPI.
  12. During the 1946 presidential election, Roxas, who is a member of the liberal-wing of the NP, formed the Liberal Party and eventually moved there.
  13. Moved to the Liberal Party during the 1946 presidential election.
  14. In 1978, Marcos left the NP and formed his own political party known as the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL).
  15. Estrada was a member of the NP during his term as Senator. In 1991, he formed his own party known as the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP).
  16. Alvarez, Kathrina (April 12, 2010). "NP-NPC coalition formally granted (5:15 p.m.)". Sun.Star Cebu. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  17. Torres, Tetch (May 6, 2010). "SC nullifies NP-NPC coalition". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
  18. Maragay, Fel V. (March 1, 2010). "NP-NPC coalition complicates fight in the local level". SunStar. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
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