René of Chalon

René of Chalon (5 February 1519 – 15 July 1544), also known as Renatus of Chalon, was a Prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Gelre.

René of Chalon, Prince of Orange
René of Chalon
Born	5 February 1519 Breda, Duchy of Brabant
Died	15 July 1544 (aged 25) Saint-Dizier, Kingdom of France
Buried	Grote Kerk (Breda)
Noble family	Chalon-Arlay and Nassau-Breda
Spouse(s)	Anna of Lorraine
Father	Henry III of Nassau-Breda
Mother	Claudia of Chalon

Life

René was born in Breda, the only son of Count Henry III of Nassau-Breda and Claudia of Chalon.[1] Claudia's brother, Philibert of Chalon, was the last Prince of Orange from the House of Chalon. When Philibert died in 1530, René inherited the Princedom of Orange on condition that he used the name and coat of arms of the Chalon-Orange family. History knows him therefore as René of Chalon instead of as "René of Nassau-Breda".

Coat of arms of René of Chalon as Prince of Orange. The 1st and 4th grand quarters show the arms of the Chalon-Arlay (the gold bend) princes of Orange (the bugle). The blue and gold checkers represent the arms of Jeanne of Geneva, who married one of the Chalon princes. The 2nd and 3rd show the quarterings of Brittany and Luxembourg-Saint-Pol. The inescutcheon overall is his paternal arms quartered of Nassau and Breda.[2]

René of Chalon married Anna of Lorraine (1522–1568) on 20 August 1540 at Bar-le-Duc.[3] They had only one child, a daughter named Maria, who lived only 3 weeks and was buried in the Grote Kerk in Breda. He was made a knight of the Golden Fleece the same year.[3]

Death

In 1544, René took part in the siege of St. Dizier in the service of Emperor Charles V.[4] He was mortally wounded in battle and died with the Emperor attending at his bedside.[5] René was buried in Grote Kerk in Breda, near the resting-place of his infant daughter. A commemorative monument (Cadaver Tomb of René of Chalon) stands in the church of St. Etienne in Bar-le-Duc.

Succession

René of Chalon had inherited the principality of Orange from his maternal uncle, who had been the last male member of the House of Chalon. Like his uncle, Rene also had no surviving children, and in his last will and testament, he left all his landed possessions, including the principality, to his father's brother's son, William of Nassau-Dillenburg. Thus, the estates belonging to Rene's mother's brother passed into the family of Rene's father's brother, and William the Silent came into possession of the principality despite having no connection at all to the original House of Orange. The only condition placed by Rene was that his heir, William, should receive a Catholic education. William's father (Rene's uncle) agreed on behalf of his minor son, and the succession was endorsed by the Emperor, who was the overlord of most of Rene's possessions. William the Silent duly added the name of Orange to his own paternal dignities and thus became, in 1544, the founder of the House of Orange-Nassau.

The principality of Orange had already passed, through the female line, from the first dynasty of Orange to the families Les Baux, and then to that of De Chalon. It now passed to a family which was not descended in blood at all from any of the preceding families.

Ancestors

Ancestors of René of Chalon

16. Engelbert I of Nassau 8. Jan IV of Nassau 17. Johanna van Polanen 4. Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz 18. John I, Count of Loon-Heinsberg 9. Maria of Loon-Heinsberg 19. Margaret of Solms-Braunfels 2. Henry III of Nassau-Breda 20. Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse 10. Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse 21. Anna of Saxony 5. Elisabeth of Hesse-Marburg 22. Philip I, Count of Katzenelnbogen 11. Anna of Katzenelnbogen 23. Anna of Württemberg 1. René of Chalon 24. Louis II of Chalon-Arlay 12. William VII of Chalon-Arlay 25. Johanna of Montfaucon 6. John IV of Chalon-Arlay 26. Richard of Vertus-en-Champagne 13. Catherine of Brittany 27. Margaret of Orleans 3. Claudia of Chalon 28. Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol 14. Anthony I, Count of Ligny 29. Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons 7. Philiberte of Luxembourg-Ligny 30. Peter of Bauffremont 15. Antoinette de Bauffremont 31. Marie of Bourgogne

References

1. Van Tol 2019, p. 42.
2. Rietstap 2003, p. 297.
3. Guenther 1995, p. 291.
4. O'Malley 1964, p. 204.
5. Rowen 1988, p. 11.

Sources

• Guenther, Ilse (1995). "Rene of Chalon". In Bietenholz, Peter G.; Deutscher, Thomas Brian (eds.). Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. 1. University of Toronto Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• O'Malley, Charles Donald (1964). Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564. University of California Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rowen, Herbert H. (1988). The princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-8063-4811-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (2003). Armorial general. vol.2. Genealogical Publishing Co. ISBN 0-8063-4811-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Van Tol, Jonas (2019). Germany and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)