Raptor (Cedar Point)

Raptor is a steel inverted roller coaster designed by Bolliger & Mabillard at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. When built in 1994, it broke many records and held many firsts when it opened. Instead of having a short layout designed to fit into a compact area like Batman: The Ride, Raptor was designed with a larger, 3,790-foot (1,160 m) layout, making it the tallest, fastest and longest inverted roller coaster in the world when it opened. It features six inversions, including a cobra roll, a first for inverted roller coasters.[1] The ride is themed as a bird of prey.[2]

Raptor
Raptor as viewed from the Sky Ride
Cedar Point
Location	Cedar Point
Coordinates	41°28′44.50″N 82°40′54.50″W
Status	Operating
Soft opening date	May 6, 1994
Opening date	May 7, 1994
Cost	$11,500,000 - $12,000,000
Replaced	Mill Race
General statistics
Type	Steel – Inverted
Manufacturer	Bolliger & Mabillard
Designer	Werner Stengel
Model	Inverted Coaster - Raptor
Lift/launch system	Chain lift hill
Height	137 ft (42 m)
Drop	119 ft (36 m)
Length	3,790 ft (1,160 m)
Speed	57 mph (92 km/h)
Inversions	6
Duration	2:16
Max vertical angle	45°
Capacity	1,600 riders per hour
Height restriction	54 in (137 cm)
Trains	3 trains with 8 cars. Riders are arranged 4 across in a single row for a total of 32 riders per train.
Fast Lane available
Raptor at RCDB Pictures of Raptor at RCDB

History

Raptor's cobra roll, a first for inverted coasters

On August 19, 1993, Cedar Fair Entertainment Company filed a trademark for the name Raptor.[3] Raptor was then announced on September 1, 1993 during a press conference. Regarding the design of the attraction, Cedar Point management said: "Raptor will be the most exciting and ambitious project ever ... a project that will challenge the boundaries of imagination and change the Sandusky, Ohio amusement park/resort like nothing before it."[4]

Construction started after the 1993 season with the site clearing of the Mill Race log flume water ride. The Midway Carousel and Calypso were relocated in October to other areas of the park to make room for Raptor. Footers also began to be poured that month. The lift hill was topped off in December with track construction continuing through January 1994. The first trains were tested about two months later in March. Final preparations were made in March with the entrance plaza being built and 85,000 square feet (7,900 m²) of midway replaced.[5] Media day was held on May 6 before the ride opened to the public the next day for the first time.[6] The ride was originally painted with dark green supports, bright green track and unpainted rails. It was repainted for the 2002 season and the rails were painted dark green, matching the supports. It was repainted again before the start of the 2016 season.[7]

Ride experience

View of Raptor from the Sky Ride

Raptor is located on three acres (1.2 ha) at the front of the park near Blue Streak. The ride travels over the pathway to Blue Streak then passes by the Cadillac Cars and Cedar Downs Racing Derby.[5]

Layout

The ride begins with a left-hand turn out of the station to the lift hill that ascends 137 feet (42 m). Riders are pulled up by a 9,000 lb (40 kN) chain lift. At the top, the train dips slightly into the pre-drop before turning 90 degrees to the left as it drops 119 feet (36 m) down the first hill. From the bottom the train immediately enters a 100 foot (30 m) vertical loop. The train then enters a zero-g roll followed by the cobra roll which inverts riders twice. The cobra roll was a first for inverted roller coasters. After the cobra roll, the train climbs through an upward spiral and enters the mid-course brake run. Next, the train dives down to the right transitioning into a brief straight section of track. Riders then enter the first of two corkscrews which rotates the train 360 degrees to the left. The track straightens briefly again before turning to the right and entering a short dip before taking riders into the second corkscrew. The ride finishes with a 1.5 revolution flat helix where riders encounter strong positive G-forces before making one last left turn into the final brake run.[1][8][9] One cycle of the ride lasts about 2 minutes and 16 seconds.[7]

Track

The steel track is approximately 3,790 feet (1,160 m) in length and the height of the lift is approximately 137 feet (42 m). The first drop is 119 feet (36 m). When the coaster first opened, it was painted with dark green supports, bright green track and unpainted rails. 1,500 gallons of paint were used to originally paint it. Raptor was repainted for the 2002 season and the rails were painted dark green, matching the supports.[7] Most of the 117 sections of track were manufactured by Clermont Steel Fabricators in Batavia, Ohio.[5] The roller coaster was repainted again for the 2016 season with its original colors.[10]

Trains

Raptor operates with three steel and fiberglass trains. Each train has eight cars that have four seats in a single row for a total of 32 riders in Ski lift like trains. Riders are secured by an over the shoulder restraint with a locking belt.[11] The trains were manufactured in Switzerland at Bolliger & Mabillard's headquarters.[5]

Operation

Raptor's lift hill and loop

Raptor is adversely affected by unfavorable weather conditions as both a high altitude and high velocity ride. "Rain, high winds, and/or lightning" may result in the closing of the ride depending on the severity. It closes in high winds and any type of precipitation.[12]

There is no minimum age requirement, but passengers must meet the minimum height requirement of 54 inches (1.37 m) to ride.[13] Some persons over a certain weight/waist size are not permitted to ride if the seat and lap bar harness cannot accommodate them.[12] Passengers on Raptor may not bring any loose articles onto the train and are required to wear shirts and footwear. Headphones must be removed before boarding.[12]

Passengers are advised that they must not ride Raptor if they have "a history of recent surgery, heart trouble/high blood pressure, neck trouble, back trouble, or any other condition that may be aggravated by riding, or who are pregnant".[14]

Incidents

On July 6, 2009, a guest complained of feeling faint after the ride. Raptor was immediately shut down as the guest was transported to a local hospital. The ride remained closed for the remainder of the day, reopening the next afternoon after a thorough inspection was completed. The guest was later released from the hospital.[15]

On June 21, 2015, a 37-year-old man's leg was gashed by the ride's loading platform gates. He was taken to a local hospital where his wound was sutured.[16]

On August 13, 2015, a 45-year-old man was struck by a moving train after entering the ride's restricted area to retrieve a cell phone he lost while riding. He was pronounced dead on scene shortly after paramedics' arrival. The ride was immediately closed for inspection and reopened the next day.[17]

Awards

Raptor is one of the first inverted roller coasters built in the world and is still considered a top steel roller coaster supported by the Golden Ticket Award rankings.

Golden Ticket Awards: Top steel Roller Coasters

Year	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2016
Ranking	6[18]	6[19]	5[20]	8[21]	12[22]	10[23]	10[24]	11[25]	14[26]	19[27]	22 (tie)[28]	22[29]	24 (tie)[30]	18[31]	31[32]	30[33]	47[34]	47[35]

References

1. "Raptor". AmericaCoasters.com. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
2. "Raptor Promotional Video". YouTube. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
3. "Raptor Trademark". Legal Force. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
4. "PointBuzz Timeline". PointBuzz. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
5. "Cedar Point Raptor Construction/Documentary". Retrieved October 1, 2012.
6. Carr, Donald (May 7, 1994). "Riders get carried away with Cedar Point's Raptor". Toledo Blade. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
7. Marden, Duane. "Raptor  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
8. "Raptor POV". Cedar Point. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
9. "Raptor at Ultimate Roller Coaster". Ultimate Roller Coaster. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
10. Clark, Tony (October 6, 2015). "More 2016 Improvements". Cedar Point. Archived from the original on October 6, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
11. Tassel, Russel. "Raptor at Coaster-Net". Coaster-Net. Archived from the original on March 13, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
12. "Ride Policies and Procedures". 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
13. "Rider Height Requirements". Retrieved May 29, 2012.
14. "Guests with Special Needs". Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
15. "Cedar Point incident closes Raptor briefly". The Point Online. July 6, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
16. Cedar Point injury leaves man with leg full of stitches | fox8.com Archived 2015-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
17. Golston, Hilary. "Cedar Point: Stark County man struck, killed by Raptor coaster". wkyc.com. WKYC-TV. Archived from the original on 16 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
18. "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 1998. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
19. "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 1999. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
20. "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. August 2000. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
21. "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
22. "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
23. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 14–15B. September 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
24. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 18–19B. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
25. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 26–27B. September 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
26. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 26–27B. September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
27. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 11 (6.2): 36–37. September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
28. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 12 (6.2): 36–37. September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
29. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 13 (6.2): 32–33. September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
30. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 14 (6.2): 34–35. September 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
31. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 15 (6.2): 38–39. September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
32. "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 16 (6.2): 36–37. September 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
33. "2013 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 17 (6.2): 34–35. September 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
34. "2014 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 18 (6.2): 46–47. September 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
35. "2016 top 50 steel roller coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.

External links

• Cedarpoint.com - Official Raptor page
• Raptor Documentary
• Roller Coaster Philosophy review of Raptor
• Raptor at Coaster-Net
• Raptor Photo Gallery at The Point Online