Rao Bika
Rao Bika Rathore (Hindi: राव बिका; 5 August 1438 – 17 June 1504), was the founder of the Kingdom of Bikaner in present-day Rajasthan. He was a scion of the Rathore clan of Rajputs. He was a son of Rao Jodha, founder of the kingdom of Marwar.
| Bika | |
|---|---|
| Rao of Bikaner | |
| Reign | 1472 – 17 June 1504 |
| Successor | Naro |
| Born | 5 August 1438 |
| Died | 17 June 1504 (aged 65) |
| Spouse | Rang Kanwar of Pugal |
| Issue | Gadshi Naro Lunkaran |
| Dynasty | Rathore |
| Father | Jodha of Mandore |
| Mother | Navaranga Devi of Run |
Establishment of Bikaner
In 1465AD. Rao Bika (one of the sons of Rao Jodha and a potential heir to the throne of Marwar) on the occasion in question had come late and taken seat beside his uncle, Rawat Kandhal, with whom he carried a conversation in whisper. The Rao jestingly remarked that they must be scheaming a plan of conquest of new territory, an idea constantly being suggested to him to provide for his large family. Rao Bika and Rawat Kandhal took the observation as a challenge and pledged to win new lands. The land approved by Rao Jodha to conquer through conquest was Jangladesh which had been largely weakened by war as suggested by a Napo, a Sankhala Rajput. On 30 September, 1465AD. the 27 year old Rao Bika along with Rawat Kandhal who had sworn to establish his nephew just like he did Rao Jodha in Marwar. With a considerable following of 100 horsemen and 500 foot-soldiers left Jodhpur along with his uncles Kandhal, Rupo, Mandan, Mandalo and Nathu, his brothers Bida, Jogayat and others.[1]
They travelled to a place known as Deshnok seeking blessings from the sage Karni Mata. Bika and Kandhal sought guidance. They trained their armies whithout attracting attention for 3 years at Chundasar. Rao Bika then came again and impressed by his will, Karni Mata guided him and he followed. During his travels Bika stopped at Deshnoke where he consulted the mystic Karni Mata. She gave him her blessings and prophesied that he would be successful. Encouraged by her support Bika took advantage of the internal rivalries of the Jat clans to carve out his own territory in the "Jangladesh" region of Rajasthan and by 1485 build a small fort called Rati Ghati at the site of the city which today bears his name.[2][3][4] In 1488 he began the building of the city itself. In the beginning the neighbouring Bhati chiefs were suspicious of the new growing power in their vicinity. Karni Mata, who had become the kuldevi of Rao Bika, brought the rivalry between the Rathores and Bhatis to an end by inspiring Rao Shekha, the powerful Bhati chief of Pugal, to marry his daughter with Rao Bika.
In 1488 itself, Bikaner was named and inaugerated by Karni Mata. As described by Colonel Powett, a British Officer, in his Gazetteer of the Bikaner state (1864)- "To the North and West the Bhatis ruled, and to the East, North East and South East were the settlements of independent Jats; beyond the Jats around Bhatner were Bhatis, Chayals and Johyas, chiefly, if not entirely Muhammadans. Hisar was occupied by the Delhi emperor's subedar. The Kaim Khanis held what is now Shekhawati. The Bidawat country was in the posetion of Mohil Rajputs, and the tract which is in the East where Reni is situated was occupied by Chayal and Khinchi Rajputs. It was due to Rawat Kandhal, along with his nephews Rao Bika and Rao Bida that all the above mentioned territories were conquored and incorporated in the Kingdom of Bikaner."[5]
Attak on Mehrangarh and family heirlooms
Rao Jodha supported Bika in his endeavours in return for which he made a promise to Rao Jodha never try to take the throne of Marwar.[6] Some valuable family heirlooms which would legitimize his right to found a kingdom were promised to Bika. But Upon Rao Jodha's death in 1488 Rao Bika attempted to claim the heirlooms promised him, only for his brother, Rao Suja to refuse his request. An army of estimated 80,000 men stormed the Mehrangarh Fort. For 6 hours Bika plundered Mehrangarh fort but left his brothers unharmed and departed with only the promised heirlooms (among which were a sandalwood ’Pugal’ throne brought from Kannauj (still on display in the Junagarh fort, Bikaner), a royal umbrella, a sword and a horse of "divine origin").[7]
Legacy
Rao Bika had established a separate Kingdom of his along with his followers through conquest. Rao Bika died in 1504. His descendants ruled Bikaner till the Independence of India. During the time of the British raj, Bikaner had become the 6th largest princely state of India.
See also
Rao Gadshi singh rathore Maharaja Karan singh rathore Maharaja Ganga singh Rathore Brigadier Jagmal singh rathore Vrc , VsM Col Rajyavardhan singh rathore Olumpic silver medal Winner
Notes
- Bhattacharya, Manoshi. Royal Rajputs. p. 263.
- Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016). Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian. Cambridge University Press. p. 78. ISBN 9781107080317. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- Jibraeil: "Position of Jats in Churu Region", The Jats - Vol. II, Ed Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2006, p. 223
- G.S.L. Devra, op. cit., 7-8, Cf. Dayaldas ri Khyat, part 2, p. 4-5
- Powwet. Gazeteer of the Bikaner state. pp. 1–2.
- Beny & Matheson. Page 46.
- Powett. Gazeteer of the Bikaner state. p. 8.
Further reading
- Beny, Roland; Matheson, Sylvia A. (1984). Rajasthan - Land of Kings. London: Frederick Muller. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-584-95061-6.
- Crump, Vivien; Toh, Irene (1996). Rajasthan (hardback). London: Everyman Guides. p. 400 pages. ISBN 1-85715-887-3.
- Martinelli, Antonio; Michell, George (2005). The Palaces of Rajasthan. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 271 pages. ISBN 978-0-7112-2505-3.