Queer heterosexuality

Queer heterosexuality is heterosexual practice or identity that is controversially called queer, a term that was traditionally used to describe individuals or anything that is strange, different, and out of the ordinary. The concept was first discussed in the mid-1990s, critically within radical feminism,[1] and as a positive identification by Clyde Smith in a paper delivered at a conference in Amsterdam in 1997;[2] In 2003, The Village Voice published an article called "The Queer Heterosexual", which has since been cited by others using the term.[3]

"Queer heterosexuality" is argued to consist of heterosexual persons who show nontraditional gender expressions, or who adopt gender roles that differ from the hegemonic masculinity and femininity of their particular culture. The "queer umbrella"[4] is a term used to describe anyone who is not heterosexual or individuals who are perceived to be masculine women or feminine men.

The idea that any heterosexuals can be called "queer" is highly contested.[5] Some in the LGBTQ+ community consider the use of the term "queer" by heterosexual people to be an offensive misappropriation, involving members perceived not to experience oppression for their sexual orientation or gender identity appropriating aspects of queer identities perceived as "fashionable" or attractive, and disregarding the concurrent oppression experienced by those they appropriate from.[5][6]

Feminist criticism and queer theory

Kitzinger and Wilkinson argued that the rehabilitation of heterosexuality through "'queer' heterosexuality" as "a concept derived from postmodernist and queer theory"[1] is seen as flawed from a radical feminist perspective. Acknowledging that 'queer heterosexuality' is rarely explored in detail, they explain that "the notion of the 'queer heterosexual' had become established in queer theory", gaining currency not because people are convinced it is possible or desirable, but "because queer heterosexuality is a necessary component of 'gender-fucking'" in Butlerian terms.[7] 'Queer heterosexuality' becomes named in the project as destabilising all such categories, and moving towards a world where categories such as 'heterosexual' are rendered redundant. The queer theory[8] was created to understand the concepts of gender, besides the binary- male and female.

In a 2004 paper, Annette Schlichter describes the discourse on queer heterosexuality as aiming at "the de- and possible reconstruction of heterosexual subjectivity through the straight authors' aspiration to identify as queer". In the paper, a genealogy of queer heterosexuality is outlined, pointing out that "the queer critique of sexual normativity is both bound to the history of specific identities and committed to the destabilization of sexual identities—including those that have become hegemonic", while "critics concerned about issues of lesbian visibility and difference occasionally raise the specter of the queer heterosexual ... as an indication of the queer project’s perversion of social and political identities and their relations to power."[9]

Putting to one side the question of whether the idea of homosexual contagion is necessarily homophobic, Guy Davidson uses the article from the Village Voice as an example of how the idea of queer subversion of heterosexuality can have "politically positive implications", specifically in relation to Tristan Taormino's writing on celebration of the LGBT movement's queering of heterosexual sex practices the production of the "queer heterosexual".[10]

In Straight writ queer, the authors acknowledge that the queer heterosexual is only starting to emerge from the closet, seeking in the book to "identify and out the queer heterosexual" in historic and contemporary literature and to identify "inherently queer heterosexual practices" which critique heteronormativity and open up possibilities for the future. The examples in the book include anchorites, the Marquis de Sade and Algernon Charles Swinburne as examples of queer heterosexuals. "Male masochism disavows a masculinity predicated on phallic mastery, and hence becomes a strategic site for queer heterosexual resistance to heteronormativity".[11]

Examination of masculinity

In 2005, Robert Heasley explored queer heterosexuality among a group of men that he identifies as "straight-queer males."[12] According to Heasley, these men are self-identified heterosexuals who do not find social spaces dominated by traditionally masculine personalities to be comfortable. Heasley believes that a lack of understanding of masculinity can be addressed by creating a terminology to describe non-hegemonic masculine behavior. He lists behavior such as platonic cuddling, hand-holding and emotional openness among the ones displayed by straight-queer males.

Men who have been surveyed about their "mostly straight" behavior gave various reasons for this self-identification: some felt constrained by traditional models of gender and sexual orientation, others found men attractive. Some had a small amount of sexual interest in men but no desire for romantic same-sex relationships or intercourse, while others felt romantic but not sexual interest in other men.[13]

Controversy

As 'queer' is generally defined either as a synonym for LGBT,[14][15] or defined as "non-heterosexual",[16] the term 'queer heterosexual' is considered controversial.[5] Some LGBT people disapprove of the appropriation of 'queer' by cisgender heterosexual individuals, as the term has been used as a slur to oppress LGBT people.[6][5] Straight celebrities self-identifying as queer have also faced backlash, with some arguing that their identities constitute "playing" with the "fashionable" parts of being LGBT, without having to suffer the resulting oppression of being LGBT, thus trivializing the struggles experienced by queer people.[5]

For someone who is homosexual and queer, a straight person identifying as queer can feel like choosing to appropriate the good bits, the cultural and political cache, the clothes and the sound of gay culture, without the laugh riot of gay-bashing, teen shame, adult shame, shame-shame, and the internalized homophobia of lived gay experience.[5]

Critics of the term compare the use of 'queer heterosexual' to the appropriation engaged in by celebrities like Madonna, who used vogue dancing - a style and subculture originating amongst gay men, particularly African-American and Latino gay men - in her performances, profiting from the use of it while the style's originators did not.[17] Daniel Harris, author of The Rise and Fall of Gay Culture, said that people who call themselves a 'queer heterosexual' "are under the impression they're doing something brave. . . . I'm a little sick that straight men would use those (terms)". Sky Gilbert referred to Calvin Thomas as "a little heterosexual male desperately wishing to be a card-carrying member of the gay community."[17]

Gay reviewer Jameson Fitzpatrick said of James Franco's Straight James / Gay James: "I can’t imagine the difficulty of being a straight, cis person who isn’t fooled by the foundational fictions of hetero- and cisnormative power structures and doesn’t wish to perpetuate them—except to say that I can’t imagine that difficulty could possibly be greater than the various violences that many queer people still face today. This might be key to the problem that persists in Franco’s claim to queerness, and what about it that rankles so many gay men: a lack of perspective."[18] Fitzpatrick said he knew many people who might qualify as a queer heterosexual, but none who would use the label for themselves, and none who would "flaunt their privilege" as Fitzpatrick viewed Franco as doing in his book. A discussion of Franco and queer heterosexuality by Anthony Moll rejects the idea that Franco's art is queer: "From the concept of the interview between his straight self and his gay selves, to his ham-handed attempt to discuss queer heterosexuality, Franco comes across as a novice queer theorist who is talking through interesting, yet ultimately incomplete, ideas".[19]

References
  1. Kitzinger, Celia; Wilkinson, Sue (1994), "Virgins and Queers: Rehabilitating Heterosexuality?", Gender & Society, 8 (Vol. 23): 444–462, doi:10.1177/089124394008003009
  2. Smith, Clyde (29 July – 1 August 1997), How I Became a Queer Heterosexual, "Beyond Boundaries," An International Conference on Sexuality, University of Amsterdam; most papers cite these two as their entry point into the discussion.
  3. Taormino, Tristan (6 May 2003). "The Queer Heterosexual". The Village Voice.
  4. Scheele, Kurt. Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press. 2011-10-31.
  5. Mortimer, Dora (9 February 2016). "Can Straight People Be Queer? - An increasing number of young celebrities are labeling themselves 'queer.' But what does this mean for the queer community?". Vice Media.
  6. "The Origins Of 'Queer' As A Slur". History Buff. Retrieved 2016-12-14.
  7. Kitzinger, Celia; Wilkinson, Sue (1996), "Virgins and Queers: Rehabilitating Heterosexuality?", in Davis, Sara; Gergen, Mary (eds.), Towards a New Psychology of Gender, Routledge, pp. 411–412, ISBN 978-0-415-91308-9
  8. Postic, Jay (October 2011). "A Review of "Feminism is Queer: The Intimate Connection Between Queer and Feminist Theory"". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 15 (4): 507–509. doi:10.1080/10894160.2011.607413. ISSN 1089-4160.
  9. Schlichter, Annette (2004), "QUEER AT LAST?: Straight Intellectuals and the Desire for Transgression", GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Duke, 10 (4): 543–564, doi:10.1215/10642684-10-4-543
  10. Davidson, Guy (2005), " 'CONTAGIOUS RELATIONS': Simulation, Paranoia, and the Postmodern Condition in William Friedkin's Cruising and Felice Picano's The Lure", GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 11 (1): 23–64, doi:10.1215/10642684-11-1-23
  11. Fantina, Richard; Thomas, Calvin (2006), Straight writ queer: non-normative expressions of heterosexuality in literature, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-2638-6
  12. Ingraham, Chrys (2005), Thinking Straight: the power, the promise, and the paradox of heterosexuality, Routeledge, pp. 109–130, ISBN 978-0-415-93273-8
  13. Savin-Williams, Ritch C.; Cohen, Kenneth M. (November 3, 2010). "Mostly Straight, Most of the Time". The Good Men Project Magazine.
  14. "queer". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  15. Jodi O'Brien, Encyclopedia of Gender and Society (2009), volume 1.
  16. "queer". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2014.
  17. "A straight embrace of gay culture -- with a twist / The straight men who reach out to gays defy easy categorization". SFGate. Retrieved 2016-12-14.
  18. Fitzpatrick, Jameson (2016-01-17). "A Queer Take on James Franco's 'Straight James / Gay James'". Lambda Literary. Retrieved 2016-12-14.
  19. Moll, Anthony. "James Franco is not a Queer Poet". citypaper.com. Retrieved 2016-12-14.

Further reading
  • Clyde Smith, “How I Became a Queer Heterosexual,” in Calvin Thomas, "Straight with a Twist: Queer Theory and the Subject of Heterosexuality", 60–67 (2000)
  • Robert Heasley, "Crossing the Borders of Gendered Sexuality: Queer Masculinities of Straight Men", in Chrys Ingraham, Ed., Thinking Straight: The Power, Promise and Paradox of Heterosexuality (Routledge: UK: 2005 Page 109)
  • Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Tendencies, Duke University Press (1993)
  • Ann Powers, “Queer in the Streets, Straight in the Sheets: Notes on Passing,” Utne Reader, November–December 1993
  • Roberta Mock, "Heteroqueer ladies: some performative transactions between gay men and heterosexual women," Feminist Review 75, pp. 20–37 (2003)
  • Elizabeth Grosz, “Experimental Desire: Rethinking Queer Subjectivity,” in Supposing the Subject, ed. Joan Copjec, Verso (1994)
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