Provencher

Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871. It is primarily a rural district. Its largest community is the city of Steinbach.

Provencher

Manitoba electoral district
Provencher in relation to other Manitoba federal electoral districts as of the 2013 Representation Order.
Federal electoral district
Legislature	House of Commons
MP	Ted Falk Conservative
District created	1871
First contested	1871
Last contested	2019
District webpage	profile, map
Demographics
Population (2011)[1]	88,640
Electors (2015)	63,356
Area (km²)[1]	18,773
Pop. density (per km²)	4.7
Census division(s)	Division No. 1, Division No. 2, Division No. 3, Division No. 12, Division No. 19
Census subdivision(s)	Alexander, Buffalo Point 36, De Salaberry, Division No. 1, Unorganized, Division No. 19, Unorganized, Emerson – Franklin, Hanover, La Broquerie, Lac du Bonet (RM), Lac du Bonnet (town), Montcalm, Morris (town), Morris (RM), Niverville, Pinawa, Piney, Powerview-Pine Falls, Reynolds, Ritchot, Roseau River 2, Roseau Rapids 2A, Shoal Lake (Part) 40, Springfield, Ste. Anne (RM), Ste. Anne (town), Steinbach, St-Pierre-Jolys, Stuartburn, Taché

Geography

The district is in the most southeastern part of Manitoba.

Demographics

According to the Canada 2011 Census

Ethnic groups: 85.3% White, 12.3% Aboriginal
Languages: 67.7% English, 17.3% German, 10.5% French, 1.2% Russian, 1.1% Ukrainian
Religions: 79.6% Christian (35.8% "Other Christian", 23.6% Catholic, 6.3% United Church, 4.8% Lutheran, 2.5% Anglican, 2.2% Baptist), 19.5% None.
Median income: $29,184 (2010)[2]
Average income: $36,186 (2010) [2]

History

The electoral district was created in 1871 after Manitoba joined the Canadian Confederation in 1870. It is notable for being the district that elected Louis Riel to the House of Commons.

The riding has a history of electing both liberal and conservative MPs, including Liberal Party MPs from 1875–1878, 1904–1957, 1968–1972 and 1993–2000; and conservative MPs (from the historical Conservative Party, the Progressive Conservatives, the Canadian Alliance, and the current Conservative Party), from 1871–1873, 1878–1904, 1957–1968, 1972–1993, and 2000–present. Louis Riel ran as an independent.

This riding lost territory to Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman and Portage—Lisgar, and gained territory from Selkirk—Interlake during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years	Member		Party
Provencher
1st	1871–1872		Pierre Delorme	Conservative
2nd	1872–1873		George-Étienne Cartier	Liberal–Conservative
	1873–1874		Louis Riel	Independent
3rd	1874–1875
	1875–1878		Andrew Bannatyne	Liberal
4th	1878–1879		Joseph Dubuc	Conservative
	1879–1882		Joseph Royal
5th	1882–1887
6th	1887–1889
	1889–1891		Alphonse Alfred Clément Larivière
7th	1891–1896
8th	1896–1900
9th	1900–1904
10th	1904–1908		Joseph Ernest Cyr	Liberal
11th	1908–1911		John Patrick Molloy
12th	1911–1917
13th	1917–1921
14th	1921–1925		Arthur-Lucien Beaubien
15th	1925–1926			Progressive
16th	1926–1930			Liberal–Progressive
17th	1930–1935
18th	1935–1940			Liberal
19th	1940–1945		René Jutras
20th	1945–1949
21st	1949–1953
22nd	1953–1957
23rd	1957–1958		Warner Jorgenson	Progressive Conservative
24th	1958–1962
25th	1962–1963
26th	1963–1965
27th	1965–1968
28th	1968–1972		Mark Smerchanski	Liberal
29th	1972–1974		Jake Epp	Progressive Conservative
30th	1974–1979
31st	1979–1980
32nd	1980–1984
33rd	1984–1988
34th	1988–1993
35th	1993–1997		David Iftody	Liberal
36th	1997–2000
37th	2000–2003		Vic Toews	Alliance
	2003–2004			Conservative
38th	2004–2006
39th	2006–2008
40th	2008–2011
41st	2011–2013
	2013–2015		Ted Falk
42nd	2015–2019
43rd	2019–present

Election results

Graph of election results in Provencher (since 1945, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

2019 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Ted Falk	31,821	65.9		$91,792.89
	Liberal	Trevor Kirczenow	6,347	13.1		$13,417.34
	New Democratic	Erin McGee	6,187	12.8		none listed
	Green	Janine G. Gibson	2,884	6.0		none listed
	People's	Wayne Sturby	1,066	2.2		none listed
Total valid votes/Expense limit			48,305	100.0
Total rejected ballots			322
Turnout			48,627	70.5
Eligible voters			68,979
Source: Elections Canada[3][4]

2015 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Ted Falk	25,086	56.06	-14.30	$116,699.56
	Liberal	Terry Hayward	15,509	34.66	+27.93	$28,135.06
	New Democratic	Les Lilley	2,371	5.30	-12.87	$4,287.04
	Green	Jeff Wheeldon	1,779	3.98	+1.01	$6,485.90
Total valid votes/Expense limit			44,745	100.00		$216,321.86
Total rejected ballots			169	0.38
Turnout			44,914	69.53
Eligible voters			64,598
	Conservative hold		Swing		-21.11
Source: Elections Canada[5][6]

Canadian federal by-election, November 25, 2013
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Ted Falk	13,046	58.20	−12.40	$ 83,542.19
	Liberal	Terry Hayward	6,711	29.94	+23.23	66,455.27
	New Democratic	Natalie Courcelles Beaudry	1,843	8.22	−9.67	17,878.16
	Green	Janine Gibson	817	3.64	+0.69	1,074.97
Total valid votes/Expense limit			22,417	100.0	–	$ 97,453.98
Total rejected ballots			136	0.60	+0.17
Turnout			22,553	33.85	−27.88
Eligible voters			66,624
	Conservative hold		Swing		−17.86
By-election due to the resignation of Vic Toews.
Source(s) "November 25, 2013 By-elections". Elections Canada. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2013. "November 25, 2013 By-election – Financial Reports". Retrieved 29 October 2014.

Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews resigned from cabinet and as an MP, effective 9 July 2013, to spend more time with his family and join the private sector.[7]

2011 federal election redistributed results[8]
Party		Vote	%
	Conservative	24,628	70.36
	New Democratic	6,358	18.16
	Liberal	2,355	6.73
	Green	1,039	2.97
	Others	623	1.78

2011 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Vic Toews	27,820	70.60	+5.95	$70,719.84
	New Democratic	Al Mackling	7,051	17.89	+4.17	$14,274.04
	Liberal	Terry Hayward	2,645	6.71	-5.86	$25,938.56
	Green	Janine Gibson	1,164	2.95	-2.84	$210.00
	Christian Heritage	David Reimer	510	1.29	-1.95	$8,372.94
	Pirate	Ric Lim[9]	215	0.55	–	$393.24
Total valid votes/Expense limit			39,405	100.0	–	$ 90,198.71
Total rejected ballots			169	0.43	-0.00
Turnout			39,574	61.73	+5.63
Eligible voters			64,104
	Conservative hold		Swing		+0.89

2008 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Vic Toews	23,303	64.65	-1.03	$67,419
	New Democratic	Ross Martin	4,947	13.72	+0.01	$6,406
	Liberal	Shirley Hiebert	4,531	12.57	-3.27	$16,369
	Green	Janine Gibson	2,089	5.79	+1.02	$1,093
	Christian Heritage	David Reimer	1,170	3.24	–	$10,130
Total valid votes/Expense limit			36,040	100.0	–	$87,213
Total rejected ballots			156	0.43	+0.02
Turnout			36,196	58.01	-7.04

2006 Canadian federal election: Provencher
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Vic Toews	25,199	65.68	+2.66	$40,862.19
	Liberal	Wes Penner	6,077	15.84	−9.08	$75,239.46
	New Democratic	Patrick O'Connor	5,259	13.71	+4.70	$2,266.71
	Green	Janine Gibson	1,830	4.77	+1.72	$87.31
Total valid votes			38,365	100.00
Total rejected ballots			157	0.41	−0.02
Turnout			38,522	65.05	+5.38
Electors on the lists			59,216
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

2004 Canadian federal election: Provencher
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Vic Toews	22,694	63.02	+4.99	$70,851.00
	Liberal	Peter Epp	8,975	24.92	−10.94	$64,895.23
	New Democratic	Sarah Zaharia	3,244	9.01	+2.90	$1,472.79
	Green	Janine Gibson	1,100	3.05	–	$480.59
Total valid votes			36,013	100.00
Total rejected ballots			155	0.43	+0.07
Turnout			36,168	59.67	−10.36
Electors on the lists			60,617
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

2000 Canadian federal election: Provencher
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Alliance	Vic Toews	21,358	52.76	+17.68	$65,896.75
	Liberal	David Iftody	14,419	35.62	−4.38	$60,917.43
	Progressive Conservative	Henry C. Dyck	2,726	6.73	−9.59	$7,780.05
	New Democratic	Peter Hiebert	1,980	4.89	−3.71	$210.45
Total valid votes			40,483	100.00
Total rejected ballots			148	0.36	−0.10
Turnout			40,631	70.03	+5.09
Electors on the lists			58,020
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

1997 Canadian federal election: Provencher
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	David Iftody	14,595	40.00	−0.82	$61,072
	Reform	Larry Tardiff	12,798	35.08	−2.09	$42,111
	Progressive Conservative	Clare Braun	5,955	16.32	+5.43	$60,432
	New Democratic	Martha Wiebe Owen	3,137	8.60	+1.62	$1,793
Total valid votes			36,485	100.00
Total rejected ballots			170	0.46	+0.13
Turnout			36,655	64.94	−5.61
Electors on the lists			56,442
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

1993 Canadian federal election: Provencher
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	David Iftody	16,119	44.04	+11.5	$42,045
	Reform	Dean Whiteway	13,463	36.78	+33.1	$49,513
	Progressive Conservative	Kelly Clark	3,765	10.29	−45.2	$48,359
	New Democratic	Martha Wiebe Owen	1,818	4.97	−2.3	$7,277
	National	Wes Penner	1,212	3.3		$23,719
	Natural Law	Corrine Ayotte	157	0.43	+0.1	$12
	Canada Party	Ted Bezan	69	0.19	–	$0
Total valid votes			36,603	100.00
Total rejected ballots			126	0.34	+0.0
Turnout			36,729	69.52	−1.4
Electors on the lists			52,835
Source: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results, Published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. Financial figures taken from official contributions and expenses provided by Elections Canada.

1988 Canadian federal election: Provencher
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Jake Epp	19,000	55.5	−2.7
	Liberal	Wes Penner	11,121	32.5	+12.4
	New Democratic	Mary Sabovitch	2,490	7.3	−6.8
	Reform	Lawrence Feilberg	1,246	3.6	–
	Confederation of Regions	John Wiebe	357	1.0	−5.8
Total valid votes			34,214	100.0
Total rejected ballots			106	0.3
Turnout			34,320	70.9
Electors on the lists			48,385

1984 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Jake Epp	20,077	58.3	+13.3
	New Democratic	Ron Buzahora	6,941	20.1	-8.3
	Liberal	Wally Rempel	4,859	14.1	-11.2
	Confederation of Regions	Ron Bowers	2,347	6.8	–
	Libertarian	Donald Ives	232	0.7	–
Total valid votes			34,456	100.0

1980 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Jake Epp	14,677	44.9	-6.7
	New Democratic	Richard Rattai	9,281	28.4	+2.7
	Liberal	Clare Cremer	8,271	25.3	+2.7
	Rhinoceros	Lawrence Feilberg	433	1.3	–
Total valid votes			32,662	100.0

1979 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Jake Epp	17,030	51.7	-3.1
	New Democratic	Richard C. Greenway	8,473	25.7	+5.7
	Liberal	Howard Loewen	7,459	22.6	-0.1
Total valid votes			32,962	100.0

1974 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Jake Epp	13,405	54.8	+9.4
	Liberal	Tom Copeland	5,558	22.7	-3.4
	New Democratic	Jack Feely	4,907	20.0	-5.3
	Social Credit	Jake Wall	613	2.5	-0.7
Total valid votes			24,483	100.0

1972 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Jake Epp	11,262	45.3	+9.4
	Liberal	Mark Smerchanski	6,489	26.1	-15.5
	New Democratic	Alf Chorney	6,304	25.4	+11.2
	Social Credit	Jake Wall	784	3.2	-5.0
Total valid votes			24,839	100.0

1968 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Mark Smerchanski	9,021	41.6	+2.7
	Progressive Conservative	Warner Jorgenson	7,791	36.0	-12.1
	New Democratic	Harry Blake-Knox	3,078	14.2	+10.2
	Social Credit	Lorne Reznowski	1,773	8.2	-0.7
Total valid votes			21,663	100.0

1965 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Warner Jorgenson	6,470	48.1	+2.0
	Liberal	Gordon Barkman	5,243	39.0	+2.3
	Social Credit	Wilbert J. Tinkler	1,195	8.9	-8.3
	New Democratic	Francis Clement Anderson	542	4.0	–
Total valid votes			13,450	100.0

1963 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Warner Jorgenson	6,729	46.1	+2.6
	Liberal	Stan C. Roberts	5,351	36.7	-0.4
	Social Credit	Elie J. Dorge	2,512	17.2	-0.3
Total valid votes			14,592	100.0

1962 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Warner Jorgenson	6,214	43.5	-11.0
	Liberal	Stan C. Roberts	5,290	37.1	+2.4
	Social Credit	John P. Loewen	2,504	17.5	+8.6
	New Democratic	Peter Kruszelnicki	263	1.8	0.0
Total valid votes			14,271	100.0

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.

1958 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Warner Jorgenson	8,278	54.5	+19.3
	Liberal	René Préfontaine	5,268	34.7	+1.3
	Social Credit	Wilbert James Tinkler	1,363	9.0	-20.7
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Jacob John Siemens	281	1.8	0.0
Total valid votes			15,190	100.0

1957 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Warner Jorgenson	4,739	35.2	+13.8
	Liberal	René Jutras	4,489	33.3	-32.6
	Social Credit	Hugh M. Campbell	3,992	29.6	+17.0
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Charles Biesick	246	1.8	–
Total valid votes			13,466	100.0

1953 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	René Jutras	6,632	66.0	+2.9
	Progressive Conservative	Abram J. Thiessen	2,151	21.4	–
	Social Credit	Wilbert Tinkler	1,269	12.6	–
Total valid votes			10,052	100.0

1949 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	René Jutras	6,834	63.0	+23.3
	Independent	Bruce MacKenzie	4,008	37.0	–
Total valid votes			10,842	100.0

1945 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	René Jutras	4,541	39.7	+8.9
	Independent	Leo Arthur Slater	2,220	19.4	-7.8
	Social Credit	Paul Prince	1,940	17.0	+10.1
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Alexander Duncan Miller	1,838	16.1	+9.2
	Progressive Conservative	Dalton Madill Boyd	894	7.8	-4.0
Total valid votes			11,433	100.0

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election. Social Credit vote is compared to New Democracy vote in 1940 election.

1940 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	René Jutras	3,768	30.8	-31.9
	Independent	Leo A. Slater	3,329	27.2	–
	Independent	Harry Matthew Podolsky	1,765	14.4	–
	National Government	William Richard Johnston	1,441	11.8	-25.5
	New Democracy	Albert Banville	1,099	9.0	–
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Évariste Rupert Gagnon	841	6.9	–
Total valid votes			12,243	100.0

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.

1935 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Arthur-Lucien Beaubien	6,308	62.7	+4.8
	Conservative	Philippe Bourgeois	3,751	37.3	+8.4
Total valid votes			10,059	100.0

1930 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal–Progressive	Arthur-Lucien Beaubien	4,562	58.0
	Conservative	Joseph-Arthur Belanger	2,274	28.9
	Independent Conservative	Wasyl Kobzar	715	9.1
	Liberal	Alexandre Ayotte	321	4.1
Total valid votes			7,872	100.0

1926 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal–Progressive	Arthur-Lucien Beaubien	acclaimed

1925 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Progressive	Arthur-Lucien Beaubien	2,736	50.7
	Liberal	Edmond Comeault	2,656	49.3
Total valid votes			5,392	100.0

1921 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Arthur-Lucien Beaubien	3,189	46.9
	Liberal	John P. Molloy	2,177	32.0
	Independent	Albert Préfontaine	1,428	21.0
Total valid votes			6,794	100.0

1917 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Opposition (Laurier Liberals)	John Patrick Molloy	2,035	52.4	-1.0
	Government (Unionist)	John Robert Johns	1,850	47.6	1.0
Total valid votes			3,885	100.0

Note: Unionist vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1911 election.

1911 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Patrick Molloy	3,049	53.3	-1.3
	Conservative	Joseph Alfred Féréol Bleau	2,668	46.7	+1.3
Total valid votes			5,717	100.0

1908 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Patrick Molloy	2,719	54.6	+4.5
	Conservative	Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière	2,259	45.4	-4.5
Total valid votes			4,978	100.0

1904 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Joseph-Ernest Cyr	1,896	50.1	+0.9
	Conservative	Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière	1,886	49.9	-0.9
Total valid votes			3,782	100.0

1900 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière	1,528	50.7	-13.8
	Liberal	S.A.D. Bertrand	1,484	49.3	+13.8
Total valid votes			3,012	100.0

1896 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière	1,476	64.6
	Liberal	George Walton	810	35.4
Total valid votes			2,286	100.0

1891 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Conservative	Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière	acclaimed

Canadian federal by-election, 24 January 1889
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
On Mr. Royal being appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the North West Territories
	Conservative	Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière	797	48.3	-9.8
	Unknown	Richard	583	35.4	–
	Unknown	Clarke	269	16.3	–
Total valid votes			1,649	100.0

1887 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Joseph Royal	1,081	58.1
	Independent Liberal	Joseph Ernest Cyr	778	41.9
Total valid votes			1,859	100.0

1882 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Conservative	Joseph Royal	acclaimed

Canadian federal by-election, 30 December 1879
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Joseph Royal	652	62.6
	Unknown	John Molloy	269	25.8
	Unknown	S. Hamelin	121	11.6
Total valid votes			1,042	100.0
Called upon Mr. Dubuc being appointed Puisne Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba.

1878 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Conservative	Joseph Dubuc	acclaimed

By-election on 31 March 1875 On Mr. Riel being unseated and declared an outlaw, 25 February 1875
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Andrew Bannatyne	acclaimed

By-election on 3 September 1874 On Mr. Riel being expelled from the House of Commons, 16 April 1874
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Independent	Louis Riel	acclaimed

1874 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Louis Riel	195	73.9
	Unknown	J. Hamelin	69	26.1
Total valid votes			264	100.0

By-election on 13 October 1873 On Sir George-Étienne Cartier's death, 20 May 1873
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Independent	Louis Riel	acclaimed

1872 Canadian federal election
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal–Conservative	George-Étienne Cartier	acclaimed

Canadian federal by-election, 3 March 1871
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Pierre Delorme	172	85.6
	Liberal	William Dease	29	14.4
Total valid votes			201	100.0
Called as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation, 15 July 1870.

See also

• List of Canadian federal electoral districts
• Past Canadian electoral districts

References

• "(Code 46008) Census Profile". 2011 census. Statistics Canada. 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2011.

Notes

1. Statistics Canada: 2012
2. "NHS Profile, Provencher, Manitoba, 2011". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
3. "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
4. "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
5. Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Provencher, 30 September 2015
6. Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
7. Mas, Susana. "Vic Toews resigns ahead of cabinet shuffle". CBC News. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
8. Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
9. Pirate Party of Canada. "Candidates". Retrieved 26 March 2011.

External links

• Riding history for Provencher (1871– ) from the Library of Parliament
• Expenditures – 2008
• Expenditures – 2004
• Expenditures – 2000
• Expenditures – 1997