10th Canadian Parliament

The 10th Canadian Parliament was in session from January 11, 1905, until September 17, 1908. The membership was set by the 1904 federal election on November 3, 1904. It was dissolved prior to the 1908 election.

10th Parliament of Canada
Majority parliament
January 11, 1905 – September 17, 1908
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister
(cabinet)		Sir Wilfrid Laurier
(8th Canadian Ministry)
July 11, 1896 – October 6, 1911
Leader of the
Opposition		Sir Robert Borden
February 6, 1901 – October 9, 1911
Party caucuses
GovernmentLiberal Party
OppositionConservative Party
UnrecognizedLiberal-Conservative Party
House of Commons

Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons		Robert Franklin Sutherland
January 11, 1905 – January 19, 1909
Senate
Speaker of the
Senate		Raoul Dandurand
January 9, 1905 – January 13, 1909
James Kirkpatrick Kerr
January 14, 1909 – October 22, 1911
Sovereign
MonarchEdward VII
January 22, 1901 – May 6, 1910
Governor
General		Albert Henry George Grey
December 10, 1904 – October 13, 1911
Sessions
1st Session
January 11, 1905 – July 20, 1905
2nd Session
March 8, 1906 – July 13, 1906
3rd Session
November 22, 1906 – April 27, 1907
4th Session
November 28, 1907 – July 20, 1908
<9th 11th>
Sir Wilfrid Laurier was Prime Minister during the 10th Canadian Parliament.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the 8th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Conservative/Liberal-Conservative, led by Robert Borden.

The Speaker was Robert Franklin Sutherland. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1903-1907 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were four sessions of the 10th Parliament:

Session Start End
1st January 11, 1905 July 20, 1905
2nd March 8, 1906 July 13, 1906
3rd November 22, 1906 April 27, 1907
4th November 28, 1907 July 20, 1908

List of members

Following is a full list of members of the tenth Parliament listed first by province, then by electoral district.

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

Alberta/Saskatchewan

Alberta and Saskatchewan were established as Canadian provinces on 1 September 1905 from parts of what had formerly been the Northwest Territories. The old NWT electoral districts were not formally abolished until the 1907 redistribution, which took the provincial boundary into account. In the meantime, three by-elections were held in districts which straddled the new border.

Electoral district Name Party
Assiniboia West William Erskine Knowles (by-election of 1906-02-06) Liberal
Saskatchewan George Ewan McCraney (by-election of 1906-02-06) Liberal
Strathcona Wilbert McIntyre (by-election of 1906-04-05) Liberal

British Columbia
Electoral district Name Party
Comox—Atlin William Sloan Liberal
Kootenay William Alfred Galliher Liberal
Nanaimo Ralph Smith Liberal
New Westminster James Buckham Kennedy Liberal
Vancouver City Robert George Macpherson Liberal
Victoria City George Riley (resigned 6 February 1906 to allow seat for Templeman) Liberal
William Templeman (by-election of 1906-03-06) Liberal
Yale—Cariboo Duncan Ross Liberal

Manitoba
Electoral district Name Party
Brandon Clifford Sifton Liberal
Dauphin Theodore Arthur Burrows Liberal
Lisgar Thomas Greenway Liberal
Macdonald William D. Staples Conservative
Marquette William James Roche Conservative
Portage la Prairie John Crawford Liberal
Provencher Joseph Ernest Cyr Liberal
Selkirk Samuel Jacob Jackson Liberal
Souris Frederick Laurence Schaffner Conservative
Winnipeg David Wesley Bole Liberal

New Brunswick
Electoral district Name Party
Carleton Frank Broadstreet Carvell Liberal
Charlotte Gilbert White Ganong Liberal-Conservative
City and County of St. John Alfred Augustus Stockton (died 15 March 1907) Conservative
William Pugsley (by-election of 1907-09-18) Liberal
City of St. John John Waterhouse Daniel Conservative
Gloucester Onésiphore Turgeon Liberal
Kent Olivier J. Leblanc Liberal
King's and Albert George William Fowler Conservative
Northumberland William Stewart Loggie Liberal
Restigouche James Reid Liberal
Sunbury—Queen's Robert Duncan Wilmot Conservative
Victoria John Costigan (until Senate appointment) Liberal
Pius Michaud (by-election of 1907-03-05) Liberal
Westmorland Henry Robert Emmerson Liberal
York Oswald Smith Crocket Conservative

Northwest Territories

The regions of the Northwest Territories represented in Parliament became the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan on 1 September 1905. Except in cases where the members resigned, NWT MP's continued to represent constituencies using the 1903 boundaries until the dissolution of the 10th Parliament.

Electoral district Name Party
Alberta (Provisional District) John Herron Liberal-Conservative
Assiniboia East John Gillanders Turriff Liberal
Assiniboia West Thomas Walter Scott Liberal
Calgary Maitland Stewart McCarthy Conservative
Edmonton Frank Oliver (until 8 April 1905 ministerial appointment) Liberal
Frank Oliver (by-election of 1905-04-25) Liberal
Humboldt Alan Joseph Adamson Liberal
Mackenzie Edward L. Cash Liberal
Qu'Appelle Richard Stuart Lake Conservative
Saskatchewan (Provisional District) John Henderson Lamont Liberal
Strathcona Peter Talbot Liberal

Nova Scotia
Electoral district Name Party
Annapolis Samuel Walter Willet Pickup Liberal
Antigonish Colin Francis McIsaac (until 3 July 1905 Railway Commissioner appointment) Liberal
William Chisholm (by-election of 1905-11-22) Liberal
Cape Breton South Alexander Johnston Liberal
Colchester Frederick Andrew Laurence (until 4 November 1907 judicial appointment) Liberal
John Stanfield (by-election of 1907-11-28) Conservative
Cumberland Hance James Logan Liberal
Digby Albert James Smith Copp Liberal
Guysborough John Howard Sinclair Liberal
Halifax* Michael Carney Liberal
William Roche Liberal
Hants Judson Burpee Black Liberal
Inverness Angus MacLennan Liberal
Kings Frederick William Borden Liberal
Lunenburg Alexander Kenneth Maclean Liberal
North Cape Breton and Victoria Daniel Duncan McKenzie (until 16 February 1906 judicial appointment) Liberal
Alexander Charles Ross (by-election of 1906-03-14) Liberal
Pictou Edward Mortimer Macdonald Liberal
Richmond Duncan Finlayson Liberal
Shelburne and Queen's William Stevens Fielding (until election voided 8 October 1906) Liberal
William Stevens Fielding (by-election of 1906-10-31) Liberal
Yarmouth Bowman Brown Law Liberal

Ontario
Electoral district Name Party
Algoma East Albert Edward Dyment Liberal
Algoma West Arthur Cyril Boyce Conservative
Brantford William Foster Cockshutt Conservative
Brant William Paterson Liberal
Brockville Daniel Derbyshire (resigned 30 August 1907) Liberal
George Perry Graham (by-election of 1907-09-18) Liberal
Bruce North Leonard Thomas Bland (died 19 August 1906) Liberal-Conservative
John Tolmie (by-election of 1906-10-30) Liberal
Bruce South Peter H. McKenzie Liberal
Carleton Edward Kidd (resigned 19 January 1905 to allow seat for Borden) Conservative
Robert Laird Borden (by-election of 1905-02-04) Conservative
Dufferin John Barr Conservative
Dundas Andrew Broder Conservative
Durham Henry Alfred Ward Conservative
Elgin East Andrew B. Ingram (resigned 8 December 1906 due to commission appointment) Liberal-Conservative
David Marshall (by-election of 1906-10-04) Conservative
Elgin West William Jackson Conservative
Essex North Robert Franklin Sutherland Liberal
Essex South Alfred Henry Clarke Liberal
Frontenac Melzar Avery Conservative
Glengarry Jacob Thomas Schell Liberal
Grenville John Dowsley Reid Conservative
Grey East Thomas Simpson Sproule Conservative
Grey North William Pattison Telford Liberal
Grey South Henry Horton Miller Liberal
Haldimand Francis Ramsey Lalor Conservative
Halton David Henderson Conservative
Hamilton East Samuel Barker Conservative
Hamilton West Adam Zimmerman Liberal
Hastings East William Barton Northrup Conservative
Hastings West Edward Guss Porter Conservative
Huron East Thomas Chisholm Conservative
Huron South Benjamin B. Gunn (died 9 December 1907) Conservative
Murdo Young McLean (by-election of 1908-01-22) Liberal
Huron West Edward Norman Lewis Conservative
Kent East David Alexander Gordon Liberal
Kent West Herbert Sylvester Clements Conservative
Kingston William Harty Liberal
Lambton East Joseph Elijah Armstrong Conservative
Lambton West Thomas George Johnston (died 4 July 1905) Liberal
Frederick Forsyth Pardee (by-election of 1905-11-22) Liberal
Lanark North Thomas Boyd Caldwell Liberal
Lanark South John Graham Haggart Conservative
Leeds George Taylor Conservative
Lennox and Addington Uriah Wilson Conservative
Lincoln Edward Arthur Lancaster Conservative
London Charles Smith Hyman (until 22 May 1905 ministerial appointment) Liberal
Charles Smith Hyman (by-election of 1905-06-06, resigned 11 April 1907) Liberal
Thomas Beattie (by-election of 1907-10-29) Conservative
Middlesex East Peter Elson Conservative
Middlesex North Valentine Ratz Liberal
Middlesex West William Samuel Calvert Liberal
Muskoka William Wright Conservative
Nipissing Charles Arthur McCool Liberal
Norfolk David Tisdale Conservative
Northumberland East Edward Cochrane (died in office) Conservative
Charles Lewis Owen (by-election of 1907-10-29) Conservative
Northumberland West John B. McColl Liberal
Ontario North George Davidson Grant Liberal
Ontario South Peter Christie Conservative
Ottawa (City of)* Napoléon Antoine Belcourt (until Senate appointment) Liberal
Robert Stewart Liberal
Jean-Baptiste Thomas Caron (by-election of 1907-12-23, replaces Belcourt) Liberal
Oxford North James Sutherland (died in office) Liberal
George Smith (by-election of 1905-06-13) Liberal
Oxford South Malcolm Smith Schell Liberal
Parry Sound Robert James Watson Liberal
Peel Richard Blain Conservative
Perth North Alexander Ferguson Maclaren Conservative
Perth South Gilbert Howard McIntyre Liberal
Peterborough East John Finlay Liberal
Peterborough West Robert Richard Hall Liberal
Prescott Edmond Proulx Liberal
Prince Edward George Oscar Alcorn Conservative
Renfrew North Peter White (died in office) Conservative
Gerald Verner White (by-election of 1906-10-09) Conservative
Renfrew South Aaron Abel Wright Liberal
Russell Norman Frank Wilson Liberal
Simcoe East William Humphrey Bennett Conservative
Simcoe North Leighton Goldie McCarthy Independent
Simcoe South Haughton Lennox Conservative
Stormont Robert Abercrombie Pringle Conservative
Thunder Bay and Rainy River James Conmee Liberal
Toronto Centre Edward Frederick Clarke Conservative
Edmund James Bristol (by-election of 1905-04-11) Conservative
Toronto East Albert Edward Kemp Conservative
Toronto North George Eulas Foster Conservative
Toronto South Angus Claude Macdonell Conservative
Toronto West Edmund Boyd Osler Conservative
Victoria Sam Hughes Liberal-Conservative
Waterloo North Joseph Emm Seagram Conservative
Waterloo South George Adam Clare Conservative
Welland William Manly German Liberal
Wellington North Thomas Martin (died in office) Liberal
Alexander Munro Martin (by-election of 1907-10-29) Liberal
Wellington South Hugh Guthrie Liberal
Wentworth Ernest D'Israeli Smith (until election voided) Conservative
Ernest D'Israeli Smith (by-election of 1905-11-22) Conservative
York Centre Archibald Campbell (until Senate appointment) Liberal
Peter Douglas McLean (by-election of 1907-12-23) Liberal
York North William Mulock (until judicial appointment) Liberal
Allen Bristol Aylesworth (by-election of 1905-11-22) Liberal
York South William Findlay Maclean Independent Conservative

Prince Edward Island
Electoral district Name Party
King's James Joseph Hughes Liberal
Prince Alfred Alexander Lefurgey Conservative
Queen's* Alexander Martin Conservative
Angus Alexander McLean Conservative

Quebec
Electoral district Name Party
Argenteuil George Halsey Perley Conservative
Bagot Joseph Edmond Marcile Liberal
Beauce Henri Sévérin Béland Liberal
Beauharnois Joseph Gédéon Horace Bergeron Conservative
Bellechasse Onésiphore Ernest Talbot Liberal
Berthier Joseph Éloi Archambault Liberal
Bonaventure Charles Marcil Liberal
Brome Sydney Arthur Fisher Liberal
Chambly—Verchères Victor Geoffrion Liberal
Champlain Jeffrey Alexandre Rousseau Liberal
Charlevoix Joseph David Rodolphe Forget Conservative
Chicoutimi—Saguenay Joseph Girard Conservative
Châteauguay James Pollock Brown Liberal
Compton Aylmer Byron Hunt (until election voided 22 November 1905) Liberal
Aylmer Byron Hunt (by-election of 1906-01-04) Liberal
Dorchester Jean-Baptiste Morin Conservative
Drummond—Arthabaska Louis Lavergne Liberal
Gaspé Rodolphe Lemieux Liberal
Hochelaga Louis Alfred Adhémar Rivet Liberal
Huntingdon Robert Nelson Walsh Conservative
Jacques Cartier Frederick Debartzch Monk Conservative
Joliette Joseph Adélard Dubeau Liberal
Kamouraska Ernest Lapointe Liberal
Labelle Joseph Henri Napoléon Bourassa (resigned 29 October 1907 for provincial politics) Liberal
Charles Beautrom Major (by-election of 1907-12-23) Liberal
Laprairie—Napierville Roch Lanctôt Liberal
L'Assomption Romuald-Charlemagne Laurier (died 28 December 1906) Liberal
Ruben Charles Laurier (by-election of 1907-03-07) Liberal
Laval Joseph-Édouard-Émile Léonard Conservative
Lévis Louis Julien Demers (died 29 April 1905) Liberal
Louis Auguste Carrier (by-election of 1905-06-06) Liberal
L'Islet Eugène Paquet Conservative
Lotbinière Edmond Fortier Liberal
Maisonneuve Joseph Raymond Fournier Préfontaine (died 25 December 1905) Liberal
Alphonse Verville (by-election of 1906-02-23) Labour
Maskinongé Hormidas Mayrand Liberal
Mégantic François Théodore Savoie Liberal
Missisquoi Daniel Bishop Meigs Liberal
Montcalm François Octave Dugas Liberal
Montmagny Armand Renaud Lavergne Liberal
Montmorency Georges Parent Liberal
Nicolet Rodolphe Lemieux (until 3 December 1906 to retain seat in Gaspé) Liberal
Charles Ramsay Devlin (by-election of 1906-12-29, resigned 29 October 1907) Liberal
Gustave Adolphe Turcotte (by-election of 1907-12-30) Liberal
Pontiac Gerald Hugh Brabazon Conservative
Portneuf Michel-Siméon Delisle Liberal
Quebec-Centre Arthur Cyrille Albert Malouin (until 7 January 1905 judicial appointment) Liberal
Arthur Lachance (by-election of 1905-01-19) Liberal
Quebec County Charles Fitzpatrick (until 4 June 1906 judicial appointment) Liberal
Lorenzo Robitaille (by-election of 1906-10-23) Independent Liberal
Quebec East Wilfrid Laurier Liberal
Quebec West William Power Liberal
Richelieu Arthur Aimé Bruneau (until 29 January 1907 judicial appointment) Liberal
Adélard Lanctôt (by-election of 1907-03-07) Liberal
Richmond—Wolfe Edmund William Tobin Liberal
Rimouski Jean Auguste Ross Liberal
Rouville Louis Philippe Brodeur Liberal
St. Anne Daniel Gallery (until election voided 12 October 1906) Liberal
Joseph Charles Walsh (by-election of 1906-11-21) Liberal
St. Antoine Herbert Brown Ames Conservative
St. Hyacinthe Aimé Majorique Beauparlant Liberal
St. James Honoré Hippolyte Achille Gervais Liberal
St. Johns—Iberville Louis Philippe Demers (until 31 August 1906 judicial appointment) Liberal
Marie Joseph Demers (by-election of 1906-10-16) Liberal
St. Lawrence Robert Bickerdike Liberal
St. Mary Camille Piché (until 21 July 1906 judicial appointment) Liberal
Médéric Martin (by-election of 1906-11-21) Liberal
Shefford Charles Henry Parmelee Liberal
Sherbrooke (Town of) Arthur Norreys Worthington (until election voided 4 December 1905) Conservative
Arthur Norreys Worthington (by-election of 1906-02-06) Conservative
Soulanges Augustin Bourbonnais Liberal
Stanstead Henry Lovell (died 4 December 1907) Liberal
Charles Henry Lovell (by-election of 1908-01-22) Liberal
Témiscouata Charles Arthur Gauvreau Liberal
Terrebonne Samuel Desjardins Liberal
Three Rivers and St. Maurice Jacques Bureau (until 14 February 1907 Solicitor-General appointment) Liberal
Jacques Bureau (by-election of 1907-02-28) Liberal
Two Mountains Joseph Arthur Calixte Éthier Liberal
Vaudreuil Gustave Benjamin Boyer Liberal
Wright Wilfrid Laurier (until 20 January 1905 to retain seat in Quebec East) Liberal
Emmanuel Berchmans Devlin (by-election of 1905-02-13) Liberal
Yamaska Oscar Gladu Liberal

Yukon
Electoral district Name Party
Yukon Alfred Thompson Conservative

By-elections
Main article: By-elections to the 10th Canadian Parliament
By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCauseRetained
Stanstead January 22, 1908 Henry Lovell      Liberal Charles Henry Lovell      Liberal Death Yes
Huron South January 22, 1908 Benjamin B. Gunn      Conservative Murdo Young McLean      Liberal Death No
Nicolet December 30, 1907 Charles Ramsay Devlin      Liberal Gustave-Adolphe-Narcisse Turcotte      Liberal Resignation upon appointment to the provincial cabinet of Quebec Yes
City of Ottawa December 23, 1907 Napoléon Antoine Belcourt      Liberal William H. Hutchison      Liberal Called to the Senate Yes
Labelle December 23, 1907 Henri Bourassa      Liberal Charles Beautron Major      Liberal Resignation to enter provincial politics Yes
York Centre December 23, 1907 Archibald Campbell      Liberal Peter Douglas McLean      Liberal Called to the Senate Yes
Colchester November 28, 1907 Frederick Andrew Laurence      Liberal John Stanfield      Conservative Appointed a judge No
London October 29, 1907 C. S. Hyman      Liberal Thomas Beattie      Conservative Resignation No
Northumberland East October 29, 1907 Edward Cochrane      Conservative Charles Lewis Owen      Conservative Death Yes
Wellington North October 29, 1907 Thomas Martin      Liberal Alexander Munro Martin      Liberal Death Yes
Brockville September 18, 1907 Daniel Derbyshire      Liberal George Perry Graham      Liberal Called to the Senate Yes
City and County of St. John September 18, 1907 Alfred Stockton      Conservative William Pugsley      Liberal Death No
Richelieu March 7, 1907 Arthur-Aimé Bruneau      Liberal Adélard Lanctôt      Liberal Appointed a judge of the Superior Court of Quebec Yes
L'Assomption March 7, 1907 Romuald-Charlemagne Laurier      Liberal Ruben Charles Laurier      Liberal Death Yes
Victoria March 5, 1907 John Costigan      Liberal Pius Michaud      Liberal Called to the Senate Yes
Three Rivers and St. Maurice February 28, 1907 Jacques Bureau      Liberal Jacques Bureau      Liberal Recontested upon appointment as Solicitor General Yes
Nicolet December 29, 1906 Rodolphe Lemieux      Liberal Charles Ramsay Devlin      Liberal Chose to sit for Gaspé Yes
St. Ann November 21, 1906 Daniel Gallery      Liberal Joseph Charles Walsh      Liberal Election declared void Yes
St. Mary November 21, 1906 Camille Piché      Liberal Médéric Martin      Liberal Appointed Police Magistrate in Montreal. Yes
Shelburne and Queen's October 31, 1906 William Stevens Fielding      Liberal William Stevens Fielding      Liberal Election declared void Yes
Bruce North October 30, 1906 Leonard Thomas Bland      Liberal-Conservative John Tolmie      Liberal Death No
Quebec County October 23, 1906 Charles Fitzpatrick      Liberal Lorenzo Robitaille      Independent Liberal Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada No
St. Johns—Iberville October 16, 1906 Louis Philippe Demers      Liberal Marie Joseph Demers      Liberal Appointed Puisne Judge of the Superior Court of Quebec Yes
Elgin East October 14, 1906 Andrew B. Ingram      Liberal-Conservative David Marshall      Conservative Appointed Vice Chairman of the Ontario Railway and Municipal Commission Yes
Renfrew North October 9, 1906 Peter White      Conservative Gerald Verner White      Conservative Death Yes
Strathcona April 5, 1906 Peter Talbot      Liberal Wilbert McIntyre      Liberal Called to the Senate Yes
Cape Breton North and Victoria March 14, 1906 Daniel Duncan McKenzie      Liberal Alexander Charles Ross      Liberal Appointed a judge Yes
Victoria City March 6, 1906 George Riley      Liberal William Templeman      Liberal Resignation to provide a seat for Templeman Yes
Maisonneuve February 23, 1906 Raymond Préfontaine      Liberal Alphonse Verville      Labour Death No
Assiniboia West February 6, 1906 Thomas Walter Scott      Liberal William Erskine Knowles      Liberal Resignation to enter provincial politics in Saskatchewan Yes
Saskatchewan February 6, 1906 John Henderson Lamont      Liberal George Ewan McCraney      Liberal Resignation to enter provincial politics in Saskatchewan Yes
Town of Sherbrooke February 6, 1906 Arthur Norreys Worthington      Conservative Arthur Norreys Worthington      Conservative Election declared void Yes
Compton January 4, 1906 Aylmer Byron Hunt      Liberal Aylmer Byron Hunt      Liberal Election declared void Yes
York North November 22, 1905 William Mulock      Liberal Allen Bristol Aylesworth      Liberal Appointed a judge Yes
Antigonish November 22, 1905 Colin McIsaac      Liberal William Chisholm      Liberal Appointed a Railway Commissioner Yes
Lambton West November 22, 1905 Thomas George Johnston      Liberal Frederick Forsyth Pardee      Liberal Death Yes
Wentworth November 22, 1905 E. D. Smith      Conservative E. D. Smith      Conservative Election declared void Yes
London June 13, 1905 C. S. Hyman      Liberal C. S. Hyman      Liberal Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Public Works Yes
Oxford North June 13, 1905 James Sutherland      Liberal George Smith      Liberal Death Yes
Lévis June 6, 1905 Louis Julien Demers      Liberal Louis Auguste Carrier      Liberal Death Yes
Edmonton April 25, 1905 Frank Oliver      Liberal Frank Oliver      Liberal Recontested upon appointment as Minister of the Interior. Yes
Toronto Centre April 11, 1905 Edward Frederick Clarke      Conservative Edmund James Bristol      Conservative Death Yes
Wright February 13, 1905 Wilfrid Laurier      Liberal Emmanuel Berchmans Devlin      Liberal Chose to sit for Quebec East Yes
Carleton February 4, 1905 Edward Kidd      Conservative Robert L. Borden      Conservative Resignation to provide a seat for Borden Yes
Quebec-Centre January 19, 1905 Arthur Cyrille Albert Malouin      Liberal Arthur Lachance      Liberal Appointed a judge of the Superior Court of Quebec Yes

References
    • Government of Canada. "8th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on 2004-08-19. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
    • Government of Canada. "10th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
    • Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
    • Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
    • Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
    • Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
    • Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
    • Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. Retrieved 2006-05-12.

    Further reading

    Succession
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