Port of Busan

The Port of Busan (Korean: 부산항; Hanja: 釜山港) is the largest port in South Korea, located in the city of Busan, South Korea. Its location is known as Busan Harbor.[lower-alpha 1]

Port of Busan
Location
CountrySouth Korea
LocationBusan
Coordinates35°06′14″N 129°04′44″E
UN/LOCODEKRPUS[1]
Details
Opened27 February 1876
Statistics
Website
www.busanpa.com
Part of Port of Busan container terminal and the Naval base Oryuk-Do

History

The Port of Busan was established in 1876 as a small port with strict trading between Korea, China and Japan.[3] It is situated at the mouth of the Nakdong River (낙동강) facing the Tsushima Island of Japan. During the Korean War (1950-1953), Busan was among the few places North Korea did not invade, causing war refugees to flee to the city of Busan. At that time Busan's port was crucial to receive war materials and aid, such as fabrics and processed foods to keep the economy stable. In the 1970s, a rise in the footwear and veneer industries caused factory workers to migrate to Busan, bringing Busan's population from 1.8 million to 3 million.

The Port of Busan continued to grow and by 2003 the port was the fourth largest container port in the world.[4] South Korea accounted for 0.7% of global trade in 1970, but by 2003 it went up to 2.5%. 50% of the Busan's manufacturing jobs are related to exports, and 83% of the country's exports are containerized, making Busan the country's largest container and general cargo port. Compared to the Port of Busan, Inchon port handles only 7% of containers. Easy access to the Port of Busan between Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong contribute to its vast growth.

Currently the Port of Busan is the fifth busiest container port in the world and the tenth busiest port in North-east Asia.[5] It is developed, managed, and operated by the Busan Port Authority (BPA) established in 2004. Today the Port of Busan consists of four ports- North Port, South Port, Gamcheon Port, and Dadaepo Port, an International Passenger Terminal and the Gamman container terminal. The North Port provides passenger handling facilities and cargo, and with Gamcheon Port's help more cargo volumes can be handled (Ship Technology). The South Port is home to the Busan Cooperative Fish Market which is the largest fishing base in Korea, and it handles 30% of the total marine volume. The Dadaepo Port located west of the Busan Port, mainly handles coastal catches.

In 2007 the Busan Port handled cargo containing fertilizers, meat, scrap metal, petroleum and other gases, crude petroleum, coal, leather, fats and oils, iron ore, rough wood, natural sand, milling industry products, and sugar. In 2016, South Korea exported a total of $515B and imported $398B. Top exports of South Korea are integrated circuits, cars, refined petroleum, passenger and cargo ships, and vehicle parts. South Korea exports the most to China, the United States, Vietnam, Hong Kong, and Japan. Imports to South Korea mainly come from China, Japan, the United States, Germany, and other Asian countries.[6] In 2017 Busan processed more than 20 million TEUS, twenty-foot equivalents (a measure used to estimate the compacity of container ships).[7]

The port is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa, from there through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean and there to the Upper Adriatic region of Trieste with its rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe.[8][9][10][11]

Sister ports

The Port of Busan also has 6 sister ports (listed in order of dates).[12]

Notes
  1. In the 19th century, Busan Harbor was known in English sources as Chosan Harbor.[2]

References

Citations
  1. "UNLOCODE (KR) - KOREA, REPUBLIC OF". service.unece.org. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  2. EB (1878), p. 390.
  3. Seo, Jeong Kyung; Cho, Mihye; Skelton, Tracey (2015-08-01). ""Dynamic Busan": Envisioning a global hub city in Korea". Cities. 46: 26–34. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.03.012. ISSN 0264-2751.
  4. FREMONT, ANTOINE; DUCRUET, CESAR (September 2005). "The Emergence of a Mega-Port - from the Global to the Local, the Case of Busan". Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. 96 (4): 421–432. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.593.8315. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2005.00473.x. ISSN 0040-747X.
  5. "Port of Busan". Ship Technology. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  6. "OEC - South Korea (KOR) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners". atlas.media.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  7. "Decades of Growth at Port of Busan". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  8. Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018) pp 112.
  9. Can the New Silk Road Compete with the Maritime Silk Road?
  10. China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
  11. China’s Maritime Silk Road and the Middle East: Tacking Against the Wind
  12. Port of Busan, Sister Ports, Busan
  13. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2006-09-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Bibliography
  • "Corea" , 'Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. VI, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, pp. 390–394.
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