Politics of Chad

Politics of Chad takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Chad is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Chad is one of the most corrupt countries in the world.

Chad
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Chad
Constitution
Government
National Assembly
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
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In May 2013, security forces in Chad foiled a coup against the President Idriss Deby that had been in preparation for several months.[1]

Executive branch
Main office holders
Office Name Party Since
President Idriss Déby Patriotic Salvation Movement 2 December 1990
President Idriss Deby in 2014

A strong executive branch headed by President Idriss Déby dominates the Chadian political system. Following his military overthrow of Hissène Habré in December 1990, Déby won presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. The constitutional basis for the government is the 1996 constitution, under which the president was limited to two terms of office until Déby had that provision repealed in 2005. The president has the power to appoint the Council of State (or cabinet), and exercises considerable influence over appointments of judges, generals, provincial officials and heads of Chad's parastatal firms. In cases of grave and immediate threat, the president, in consultation with the National Assembly President and Council of State, may declare a state of emergency. Most of the Déby's key advisors are members of the Zaghawa clan, although some southern and opposition personalities are represented in his government.

Legislative branch

According to the 1996 constitution, the National Assembly deputies are elected by universal suffrage for 4-year terms. The Assembly holds regular sessions twice a year, starting in March and October, and can hold special sessions as necessary and called by the prime minister. Deputies elect a president of the National Assembly every 2 years. Assembly deputies or members of the executive branch may introduce legislation; once passed by the Assembly, the president must take action to either sign or reject the law within 15 days. The National Assembly must approve the prime minister's plan of government and may force the prime minister to resign through a majority vote of no-confidence. However, if the National Assembly rejects the executive branch's program twice in one year, the president may disband the Assembly and call for new legislative elections. In practice, the president exercises considerable influence over the National Assembly through the MPS party structure.

Judicial branch

Despite the constitution's guarantee of judicial independence from the executive branch, the president names most key judicial officials. The Supreme Court is made up of a chief justice, named by the president, and 15 councilors chosen by the president and National Assembly; appointments are for life. The Constitutional Council, with nine judges elected to 9-year terms, has the power to review all legislation, treaties and international agreements prior to their adoption. The constitution recognizes customary and traditional law in locales where it is recognized and to the extent it does not interfere with public order or constitutional guarantees of equality for all citizens.

Political parties and elections
For other political parties, see List of political parties in Chad. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Chad.

Presidential elections
Main article: 2016 Chadian presidential election
Candidate Party Votes %
Idriss DébyPatriotic Salvation Movement2,219,35259.92
Saleh KebzaboNational Union for Democracy and Renewal473,07412.77
Laoukein Kourayo MédardChadian Convention for Peace and Development392,98810.61
Djimrangar DadnadjiCAP-SUR186,8575.04
Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye73,6361.99
Malloum Yoboide Djeraki67,0191.81
Mahamat Ahmad Alhabo58,5331.58
Abdoulaye Mbodou Mbami53,2041.44
Clément Djimet Bagaou48,4711.31
Gali Gatta Ngothé44,8991.21
Brice Mbaimon Guedmbaye36,6470.99
Beassoumda Julien24,1250.65
Djividi Boukar25,1070.68
Invalid/blank votes419,818–
Total4,123,730100
Registered voters/turnout6,252,54865.95
Source: Constitutional Court

Parliamentary elections
Main article: 2011 Chadian parliamentary election
Party/alliance Votes % Seats
MPS coalitionPatriotic Salvation Movement83
MPS–RDP25
MPS–RNDP18
MPS–RDP–RNDP8
UNDR–PLD coalitionNational Union for Democracy and Renewal10
UNDR–PLD2
Union for Renewal and Democracy8
National Rally for Democracy in Chad8
Federation, Action for the Republic4
ART–CNDS–MPDT–PPJE–RDP/R
coalition		ART–CNDS1
MPDT–RDP/R–CNDS1
PPJE–ART–CNDS1
Democratic and Socialist Party for Alternation2
Chadian Convention for Peace and Development2
Union for Democracy and the Republic2
Chadian Democratic Union1
National Action for Development1
New Breath for the Republic1
Rally of People for Democratic Alternation1
Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic1
Democratic Party of the Chadian People1
Union of Democratic Forces/Republican Party1
Union of Chadian Ecologists1
PDI–RPT1
African Party for Peace and Social Justice1
Total188
Source: EISA

International organization participation

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

References
  1. Chad government foils coup attempt – minister, International: Reuters, 2013
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