North Carolina's 2nd congressional district

North Carolina's 2nd congressional district
	North Carolina's 2nd congressional district since January 3, 2021
	Deborah Ross; D–Raleigh
Distribution	62.82% urban[1]; 37.18% rural;
Population (2019)	888,547[2]
Median household; income	$75,366[3]
Ethnicity	71.33% White; 20.11% Black; 9.55% Hispanic; 1.37% Asian; 0.62% Native American;
Cook PVI	D+9[4]

North Carolina's 2nd congressional district is located in the central part of the state. The district contains most of Wake County. Prior to court-mandated redistricting in 2019, it also included northern Johnston County, southern Nash County, far western Wilson County, and all of Franklin and Harnett counties. The 2nd district has been represented by Democratic Rep. Deborah Ross since 2021.

Established by the state legislature after the American Civil War, the district was known as "The Black Second;" counties included in the district were mostly majority-black in population. All four of North Carolina's Republican African-American congressmen elected in the post-Civil War era (ending with George Henry White) represented this district,[5][6] as did white yeoman farmer Curtis Hooks Brogden of Wayne County, a Republican ally of former Governor William Woods Holden.

After North Carolina Democrats regained control of the state legislature in the 1870s (using intimidation by the Red Shirts and other paramilitary groups to reduce the number of blacks voting), they passed voter registration and electoral laws that restricted voter rolls. Blacks continued to get elected to local and state offices. The state legislature passed a new constitutional amendment in 1900, which effectively disfranchised blacks altogether.[7] This ended the election of blacks to local, state or Congressional offices until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s, which enforced constitutional voting rights.

Thousands of blacks migrated north from the state in the Great Migration during the first half of the twentieth century, seeking job opportunities and education. By the later twentieth century, before the 1990s, the 2nd district was roughly 40% black. While it had the highest percentage of black residents of any congressional district in North Carolina, African-American candidates were unable to get elected to Congress from the majority-white district.

State redistricting following census changes led to the creation of the black-majority 1st and 12th districts and drew off some black population from the 2nd. Today the proportion of African-American residents is about 20.11% in the 2nd district.

In 2019, court-mandated redistricting shifted the district entirely into urban Wake County. Incumbent Republican representative George Holding declined to run for re-election in 2020, and Democratic Rep. Deborah Ross won election to the seat.[8]

List of members representing the district

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District location
Hugh Williamson	Anti-Administration	March 19, 1790 – March 3, 1791	1st	Elected in 1790. Redistricted to the 4th district.	1790–1791 "Edenton and New Bern division"
Nathaniel Macon	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1791 – March 3, 1793	2nd	Elected in 1791. Redistricted to the 5th district.	1791–1793 "Centre division"
Matthew Locke	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795	3rd 4th 5th	Elected in 1793. Re-elected in 1795. Re-elected in 1796. Lost re-election.	1793–1803 [data unknown/missing]
Matthew Locke	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1799	3rd 4th 5th
Archibald Henderson	Federalist	March 4, 1799 – March 3, 1803	6th 7th	Elected in 1798. Re-elected in 1800. Redistricted to the 12th district.
Willis Alston	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1815	8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th	Redistricted from the 9th district and re-elected in 1803. Re-elected in 1804. Re-elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Re-elected in 1810. Re-elected in 1813. Retired.	1803–1813 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1803-13)".[9]
Willis Alston	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1815	8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th		1813–1823 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1813-43)".[10]
Joseph H. Bryan	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1819	14th 15th	Elected in 1815. Re-elected in 1817. [data unknown/missing]
Hutchins G. Burton	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1823	16th 17th 18th	Elected in 1819. Re-elected in 1821. Resigned when elected Governor of North Carolina.
Hutchins G. Burton	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 23, 1824	16th 17th 18th		1823–1833 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1813-43)".[11]
Vacant		March 24, 1824 – January 18, 1825	18th
George Outlaw	Democratic-Republican	January 19, 1825 – March 3, 1825	18th	Elected January 6, 1825 to finish Burton's term and seated January 19, 1825. Lost re-election.
Willis Alston	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1831	19th 20th 21st	Elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Re-elected in 1829. Retired.
Vacant		March 4, 1831 – May 12, 1831	22nd
John Branch	Jacksonian	May 12, 1831 – March 3, 1833	22nd	Elected to finish the vacant term. Retired.
Jesse A. Bynum	Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837	23rd 24th 25th 26th	[data unknown/missing]	1833–1843 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1813-43)".[12]
Jesse A. Bynum	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841	23rd 24th 25th 26th	[data unknown/missing]
John Daniel	Democratic	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843	27th	[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 7th district.
Daniel M. Barringer	Whig	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1847	28th 29th	[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 3rd district.	1843–1853 [data unknown/missing]
Nathaniel Boyden	Whig	March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849	30th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Joseph P. Caldwell	Whig	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853	31st 32nd	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Thomas H. Ruffin	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1861	33rd 34th 35th 36th	[data unknown/missing]	1853–1863 [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		March 3, 1861 – July 25, 1868	37th 38th 39th 40th	Civil War and Reconstruction	1853–1863 [data unknown/missing]
David Heaton	Republican	July 25, 1868 – June 25, 1870	40th 41st	[data unknown/missing] Died.	1863–1873 [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		June 26, 1870 – December 4, 1870	41st
Joseph Dixon	Republican	December 5, 1870 – March 3, 1871	41st	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Charles Thomas	Republican	March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1875	42nd 43rd	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.
Charles Thomas	Republican	March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1875	42nd 43rd	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.	1873–1883 [data unknown/missing]
John A. Hyman	Republican	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877	44th	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination to immediate past governor
Curtis H. Brogden	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	45th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
William H. Kitchin	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881	46th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Orlando Hubbs	Republican	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883	47th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
James E. O'Hara	Republican	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887	48th 49th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.	1883–1893 [data unknown/missing]
Furnifold M. Simmons	Democratic	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889	50th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Henry P. Cheatham	Republican	March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1893	51st 52nd	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Frederick A. Woodard	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1897	53rd 54th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.	1893–1903 [data unknown/missing]
George H. White	Republican	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1901	55th 56th	[data unknown/missing] Retired after state passage of 1900 disfranchisement constitution, which suppressed black voters for more than 60 years
Claude Kitchin	Democratic	March 4, 1901 – May 31, 1923	57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th	[data unknown/missing] Died.
					1903–1913 [data unknown/missing]
					1913–1933 [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		May 31, 1923 – November 5, 1923	68th
John H. Kerr	Democratic	November 6, 1923 – January 3, 1953	68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd	Elected to finish Kitchens's term. Lost renomination.
					1933–1943 [data unknown/missing]
					1943–1953 [data unknown/missing]
L. H. Fountain	Democratic	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1983	83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.	1953–1963 [data unknown/missing]
					1963–1973 [data unknown/missing]
					1973–1983 [data unknown/missing]
Tim Valentine	Democratic	January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1995	98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd	[data unknown/missing] Retired.	1983–1993 [data unknown/missing]
Tim Valentine	Democratic	January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1995	98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd	[data unknown/missing] Retired.	1993–2003 [data unknown/missing]
David Funderburk	Republican	January 3, 1995 – January 3, 1997	104th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Bob Etheridge	Democratic	January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2011	105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Bob Etheridge	Democratic	January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2011	105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.	2003–2013
Renee Ellmers	Republican	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017	112th 113th 114th	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.	2003–2013
Renee Ellmers	Republican	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017	112th 113th 114th	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.	2013–2017
George Holding	Republican	January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2021	115th 116th	Redistricted from the 13th district Retired after Redistricting.	2013–2017
George Holding	Republican	January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2021	115th 116th		2017–2021
Deborah Ross	Democratic	January 3, 2021 – Present	117th	Elected in 2020.	2017–2021
Deborah Ross	Democratic	January 3, 2021 – Present	117th	Elected in 2020.	2021-Present

Election results

2002

US House election, 2002: North Carolina District 2[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Bob Etheridge	100,121	65.36
	Republican	Joseph L. Ellen	50,965	33.27
	Libertarian	Gary Minter	2,098	1.37
Total votes			153,184	100

2004

US House election, 2004: North Carolina District 2[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Bob Etheridge	145,079	62.3
	Republican	Billy J. Creech	87,811	37.7
Total votes			232,890	100

2006

US House election, 2006: North Carolina District 2[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Bob Etheridge	85,993	66.53
	Republican	Dan Mansell	43,271	33.47
Total votes			129,264	100

2008

US House election, 2008: North Carolina District 2[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Bob Etheridge	199,730	66.93
	Republican	Dan Mansell	93,323	31.27
	Libertarian	Will Adkins	5,377	1.8
Total votes			298,430	100

2010

US House election, 2010: North Carolina District 2[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Renee Ellmers	93,876	49.47
	Democratic	Bob Etheridge	92,393	48.69
	Libertarian	Tom Rose	3,505	1.85
Total votes			189,774	100

2012

US House election, 2012: North Carolina District 2[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Renee Ellmers	174,066	55.9
	Democratic	Steve Wilkins	128,973	41.42
	Libertarian	Brian Irving	8,358	2.68
Total votes			311,397	100

2014

US House election, 2014: North Carolina District 2[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Renee Ellmers	122,128	58.83
	Democratic	Clay Aiken	85,479	41.17
Total votes			207,607	100

2016

US House election, 2016: North Carolina District 2[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George Holding	221,485	56.71
	Democratic	John P. McNeil	169,082	43.29
Total votes			390,567	100

2018

US House election, 2018: North Carolina District 2[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George Holding	170,072	51.3
	Democratic	Linda Coleman	151,977	45.8
	Libertarian	Jeff Matemu	9,655	2.9
Total votes			331,704	100.0

2020

US House election, 2020: North Carolina District 2
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Deborah K. Ross	310,979	63.0
	Republican	Alan Swain	172,019	34.8
	Libertarian	Jeff Matemu	10,827	2.2
Total votes			493,870	100.0

References

https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html
Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
"Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
"Black Americans in Congress".
Anderson, Eric (December 1, 1980). Race and Politics in North Carolina, 1872--1901: The Black Second. LSU Press. ISBN 9780807107843 – via Google Books.
"Disfranchisement | NCpedia". ncpedia.org.
Murphy, Brian (December 4, 2019). "George Holding, whose district now leans Democratic, won't run vs. GOP incumbent". The News and Observer. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
"Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
"Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
"Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
"Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
"11/05/2002 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 15, 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"11/02/2004 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 12, 2004. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"11/07/2006 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 17, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"11/04/2008 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 14, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"11/02/2010 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 12, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"11/06/2012 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 16, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"11/04/2014 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 25, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"11/06/2016 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
"District 2, North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement". North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement. Retrieved November 10, 2018.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links

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[1] ttps://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html

[2] Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.

[3] Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.

[Cook-4] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[5] "Black Americans in Congress".

[6] Anderson, Eric (December 1, 1980). Race and Politics in North Carolina, 1872--1901: The Black Second. LSU Press. ISBN 9780807107843 – via Google Books.

[7] "Disfranchisement | NCpedia". ncpedia.org.

[8] Murphy, Brian (December 4, 2019). "George Holding, whose district now leans Democratic, won't run vs. GOP incumbent". The News and Observer. Retrieved January 5, 2021.

[9] "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.

[10] "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.

[11] "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.

[12] "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.

[13] "11/05/2002 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 15, 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[14] "11/02/2004 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 12, 2004. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[15] "11/07/2006 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 17, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[16] "11/04/2008 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 14, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[17] "11/02/2010 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 12, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[18] "11/06/2012 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 16, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[19] "11/04/2014 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 25, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[20] "11/06/2016 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2017.

[21] "District 2, North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement". North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement. Retrieved November 10, 2018.