Nýdek

Nýdek  (Polish: Nydek, German: Niedek) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,100 inhabitants. Polish minority makes up 19.0% of the population.[2]

Nýdek

Nydek
Municipality
Nýdek as seen from Czantoria hill
Flag
Coat of arms
Nýdek
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°39′22″N 18°45′25″E
Country Czech Republic
RegionMoravian-Silesian
DistrictFrýdek-Místek
First mentioned1430
Government
 • MayorJan Konečný
Area
 • Total28.19 km2 (10.88 sq mi)
Elevation
410 m (1,350 ft)
Population
 (2020-01-01[1])
 • Total2,078
 • Density74/km2 (190/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
739 96
Websitewww.nydek.cz

It lies on the slopes of the Silesian Beskids mountain range, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Hluchová River flows through the municipality.

Etymology

The name of Nýdek is of uncertain origins and various explanations are expressed. One states it is derived from German Niedeck, another one that from personal name Nidek.[3]

History

Nýdek was first mentioned in a written document in 1430 as Nidek.[3][4][5] Politically the village belonged then to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg Monarchy.

After 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and later local Lutherans built a wooden church here (it was not built earlier by Catholics). It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 21 March 1654.[6]

Nýdek with Lyžbice was bought from Joseph Freyherrn von Beess by Teschener Kammer in 1792 for 46,000 florins.[7]

After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. Nýdek as a municipality was subscribed to the political district of Teschen and the legal district of Jablunkau. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 1,567 in 1880 to 1,747 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 94.7% and 97.7%) accompanied by German-speaking (at most 74 or 4% in 1900) and Czech-speaking people (at most 17 or 0.9% in 1880). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Protestants (93.6%), followed by Roman Catholics (86 or 4.9%), Jews (7 or 0.4%) and 19 others.[8] Nýdek was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship.[9] It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

Notable people
  • Church of Saint Nicholas
  • PZKO House
  • Traditional old wooden house
  • Ski jumping hill in Nýdek, before 1934
  • Municipal office

References
  1. "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2020". Czech Statistical Office. 2020-04-30.
  2. "Public database: Census 2011". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
  3. Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: University of Silesia in Katowice. pp. 127–128. ISSN 0208-6336.
  4. Hosák et al. 1980, 151.
  5. Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. p. 307. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.
  6. Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
  7. Kaufmann, Aloys (2007). Gedenkbuch der Stadt Teschen (re-edition) (in German). 2. Cieszyn. p. 311. ISBN 978-83-914331-8-8.
  8. Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 267, 285.
  9. "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). Katowice. nr 18/1938, poz. 35. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
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