List of wars involving Nigeria

This is a list of wars involving the Federal Republic of Nigeria and its predecessor states.

Other conflicts

• Mbaise Rebellion Battles against the British 1902–1917 – In 1900, the British created the Southern Nigeria Protectorate. The resistance to British colonisation from the people of modern mbaise and igbo's throughout Eastern Nigeria is well documented.
• Bende Onitsha Hinterland Expedition 1905–1906 – The Bende Onitsha Hinterland Expedition is also referred to as the Ahiara Expedition due to the impact it had on the area. There was a lot of hostility between the British and the people of Mbaise following the Aro Expedition.

Oyo Empire (1682–1833)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Battle of Dahomey (1728)	Oyo Empire	Dahomey	Victory
Battle of Tabkin Kwatto (1804)	Sultanate of Gobir	Sokoto Caliphate	Decisive Fulani victory
Fulani War (1804–1808)	Sokoto Caliphate	Hausa Kingdoms	Fulani victory Establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate
Battle of Oyo Ile	Oyo Empire	Nupe	Agreement The Oyo defeated the Nupe and reclaimed Oyo Ile

Battles (1901–1902)

• Battles in the Oguta/Owerri area (November 1901)
• Battles of Esu Itu (December 1901)
• Battles of Arochukwu (December 1901)
• Battle of Edimma (January 1902)
• Battle of Ikotobo (January 1902)
• Battle of Ikorodaka (February 1902)
• Battle of Bende (March 1902)

Colonial Nigeria/British Republic (1800–1960)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Ekumeku Movement (1883–1914)	Ekumeku Organization	British Empire	Stalemate Establishment of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate
Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902)	Aro Confederacy	United Kingdom	Defeat Defeat of the Aro People
African theatre of World War I (1914–1918)	Entente Powers:  British Empire  United Kingdom  Australia  Bechuanaland  British East Africa Egypt  Gold Coast  India  New Zealand Nigeria  Northern Rhodesia  Nyasaland  Somaliland  South Africa  Southern Rhodesia Sudan Uganda  France  French West Africa  French Equatorial Africa Morocco  Belgium  Belgian Congo  Portugal  Angola  Mozambique  Italy (1915–1918) Tripolitania Cyrenaica  Eritrea Somalia  Liberia (1917–1918)	Central Powers:  German Empire Togoland Kamerun  German South West Africa  German East Africa  Ottoman Empire Co-belligerents:  Transvaal (1914–1915) Senussi Sultanate of Darfur (1914–1916) Dervish State Supported by:  Ethiopian Empire (1915–1916)	Allied victory
Kamerun Campaign (1914–1916)	Entente Powers:  British Empire Nigeria  India  France  French Equatorial Africa  Belgium  Belgian Congo	Central Powers:  Germany Kamerun	Allied victory
First Battle of Garua (1914)	British Empire British Nigeria	Germany German Kamerun	Defeat
Battle of Gurin (1915)	British Empire British Nigeria	Germany German Kamerun	Victory
Second Battle of Garua (1915)	British Empire British Nigeria France French Equatorial Africa	German Empire German Kamerun	Allied Victory
Bussa Rebellion (1915)	Nigeria	British Empire	Stalemate
Adubi War (1918)	British Empire British Nigeria	Egba rebels	Victory
East African Campaign (World War II)[1] (1940–1943)	Allied Powers:  British Empire  United Kingdom  Australia  Gold Coast  India Kenya Nigeria  Nyasaland  Northern Rhodesia  Southern Rhodesia  Somaliland  South Africa Sudan  Belgium  Belgian Congo  Free Ethiopia  Free France French Equatorial Africa	Axis Powers:  Italy  Italian East Africa Supported by:  Germany	Victory Fall of Italian East Africa

First Nigerian Republic (1960–1979)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Congo Crisis (1960–1964)	Congo-Léopoldville ONUC  Ireland  Sweden  Norway  India  Nigeria  Ethiopia	Katanga  South Kasai  Belgium	Victory Katanga and South Kasai dissolved
1966 Nigerian coup d'état (1966)	Government of Nigeria	Rebel Army Officers	Government Victory Overthrow of Abubakar Balewa Assassination of 11 senior Politicians Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi seized power Instigation of Northern-led counter-coup Nigerian Civil War starts in 1967
1975 Nigerian coup d'état (1975)	Military government Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Armed Forces faction Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Coup succeeds Yakubu Gowon is ousted and replaced with Murtala Mohammed.
1976 Nigerian coup d'état attempt (1976)	Military government Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Armed Forces faction	Coup fails Murtala Mohammed is assassinated and succeeded by Olusegun Obasanjo.

Civil War (1967–1970)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970)	Nigeria  Egypt  United States  United Kingdom	Biafra  Portugal  France	Victory Reincorporation of Biafra into Nigeria
Operation UNICORD (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Midwest Invasion of 1967 (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
First Invasion of Onitsha (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Biafran victory
Operation Tiger Claw (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Nigerian victory
Fall of Enugu (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Second Invasion of Onitsha (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Abagana Ambush (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Indecisive
Invasion of Port Harcourt (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Operation OAU (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Defeat
Operation Hiroshima (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Siege of Owerri (1968–1969)	Nigeria	Biafra	Defeat
Operation Leopard (1969) (1969)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Invasion of Umuahia (1969)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Operation Tail-Wind (1970)	Nigeria	Biafra	Decisive Nigerian victory Capitulation of Biafra

Second Nigerian Republic (1977–1991)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Shaba I (1977)	Zaire  Morocco  Egypt  France  Belgium Supported by:  United States  China Sudan  Nigeria	Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC) Supported by: Angola  East Germany  Soviet Union	Victory FNLC expelled from Shaba
Chadian–Libyan conflict (1978)	Anti-Libyan Chadian factions FAT (1978–79) FAN (1978–83) FANT (1983–87) GUNT (1986–87)  France Inter-African Force  Zaire[2]  Nigeria[3]  Senegal[3]	Libya Islamic Legion[4] Pro-Libyan Chadian factions FROLINAT GUNT (1979–86) Codos (1983–86)  PLO (1987)[5][6] Supported by:  Soviet Union  East Germany	Victory
1983 Nigerian coup d'état (1983)	Nigeria	Nigeria Rebel Officers	Coup succeeds The ousting of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari
Chadian–Nigerian War (1983)	Nigeria	Chad	Victory
1985 Nigerian coup d'état (1985)	Military government Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Armed Forces faction Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC)	Coup succeeds
First Liberian Civil War (1990–1997)	Liberia ULIMO ECOMOG	NPFL INPFL	Indecisive (ECOMOG mission successful)[7] Elections held, Charles Taylor becomes President.

Third Nigerian Republic (1992–1999)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Operation Restore Hope[8] (1992-1993)	UNITAF  Australia  Bangladesh  Belgium  Botswana  Canada  Egypt  Ethiopia  France  Germany  Greece  India  Italy  Kuwait  Malaysia  Morocco  New Zealand  Nigeria  Norway  Pakistan  Saudi Arabia  Spain  Tunisia  Turkey  UAE  United Kingdom  United States  Zimbabwe  Nigeria	United Somali Congress	UN operational success
Sierra Leone Civil War (1993–2002)	Sierra Leone ECOMOG  United Kingdom UNAMSIL	RUF NPFL AFRC	Victory Lomé Peace Accord Defeat of the Revolutionary United Front
1998 Monrovia clashes (1998)	Johnson's forces (ex-ULIMO-J) Limited involvement:  Nigeria  United States	Liberian government (Taylor loyalists)	Stalemate

Fourth Nigerian Republic (1999–present)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)	Algeria  Mauritania  Tunisia  Libya  Mali MINUSMA[9] (from 2013)  Nigeria AFISMA[10] (from 2013)  Niger[11]  Chad[9]  France[9][12][13]	GSPC (until 2007) AQIM (from 2007) Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (from 2017) MOJWA (2011–13) Al-Mourabitoun (2013–17) Ansar Dine (2012–17) Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia) (from 2011)[14] Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade (from 2012)[15] Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (2012–17) Salafia Jihadia[16] Boko Haram (from 2006, part of ISIL since 2015)[17][18]  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (from 2014) Libyan Provinces Wilayat Gharb Ifriqiyyah Wilayat al-Jazair	Ongoing
Conflict in the Niger Delta (2004–Present)	Nigeria	MEND NDPVF NDLF	Ongoing Amnesty agreement in 2009
Operation Juniper Shield (2007-Present)	Algeria  Morocco Mauritania Tunisia Burkina Faso  Chad  Mali  Niger Nigeria  Senegal Supported & Trained By: United States Canada [19][20][21] France[19][22] Germany[19] Netherlands[19] Spain[19][23]  United Kingdom[24][25]	al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (2007–present) Ansar Dine (2012–17) Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (2017–present) Supported By: Boko Haram (2009–15) MOJWA (2011–13) ISIL Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (2015–present)[26]	Ongoing
Somali Civil War (2009–present)	Somalia  United States  United Kingdom AMISOM  Nigeria (from 2010)  Kenya	Al-Shabaab Hizbul Islam Islamic State in Somalia Supported by:  Eritrea	Ongoing
Boko Haram insurgency (2009–present)	Nigeria  Cameroon  Chad  Niger	Boko Haram Ansaru	Ongoing
2009 Boko Haram uprising (2009)	Nigerian Government	Boko Haram	Violence quelled
Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)	France  Mali  China[27]  Benin  Ghana  Cape Verde  Gambia  Ghana[28]  Guinea[29]  Guinea-Bissau[30]  Ivory Coast[29]  Liberia[31]  Niger[32]  Nigeria[33]  Sierra Leone[34]  Senegal[33]  Togo[35]  Chad[36]  Burundi[37]  Gabon[38]  South Africa[39]  Rwanda[39]  Tanzania[39]  Uganda[40]  Germany[41]	ISIL Ansar al-Sharia Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin	Ongoing
Operation Serval part of 2012 Northern Mali conflict and the War on Terror (2013–2014)	Mali  France  Nigeria  Sierra Leone  Poland MNLA	Islamic militants MOJWA AQIM Ansar Dine	Victory
Military intervention against ISIL (2014–present) 2014 Jos bombings	United States  United Kingdom  Iraq Syria  Australia  Belgium  Canada  Denmark  France  Germany  Italy  Netherlands  New Zealand  Norway  Portugal  Spain  Turkey  Bahrain  Jordan  Morocco  Greece  Qatar  Saudi Arabia  United Arab Emirates  Egypt  Libya  Nigeria  Cameroon  Chad  Niger  Russia	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Boko Haram al-Nusra Front Khorasan Ahrar ash-Sham	Ongoing
Chibok ambush (2014)	Nigeria	Boko Haram	Defeat
2015 West African offensive (2015) 30 June and 1 July 2015 Borno massacres	Multinational Joint Task Force  Nigeria  Cameroon[42]  Chad[43]  Niger[44] Local militias[45] STTEP (foreign mercenaries)[46][47] Supported by: African Union[48][49]  Belgium[50]  Benin[44]  Canada[51]  China[52]  Colombia[53][54]  France[52]  Iran[55]  Israel[56]  Italy[50]  Spain[50]  United Kingdom[52][57]  United States[58][59]	ISIL Wilayat Gharb Afriqiya (from March 2015)[60] Boko Haram (until March 2015)	Multinational Joint Task Force victory
Invasion of the Gambia (2017) Dalori attack	Senegal  Nigeria  Ghana  Mali  Togo Coalition 2016	Gambia MFDC	Victory Yahya Jammeh steps down peacefully, minimal combat between the two sides.
Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)	Multinational Joint Task Force (MJTF)  Nigeria  Niger  Cameroon  Chad Self-defense militias[61]	Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) Boko Haram	Partial Multinational Joint Task Force victory Much territory is retaken from rebel forces Insurgents retain significant presence in the Chad Basin ISWAP experiences extensive leadership struggles, resulting in the successive purges of two leaders and several sub-commanders[62]

Peace agreements

Peace agreements signed

• Banjul III Agreement (1990-10-24)
• Bamako Ceasefire Agreement (1990-11-28)
• Banjul IV Agreement (1990-12-21)
• Lomé Agreement (1991-02-13)
• Yamoussoukro IV Peace Agreement (1991-10-30)
• Geneva Agreement 1992 (1992-04-07)
• Cotonou Peace Agreement (1993-07-25)
• Akosombo Peace Agreement (1994-09-12)
• Accra Agreements/Akosombo clarification agreement (1994-12-21)
• Abuja Peace Agreement (1995-08-19)

See also

• Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

References

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2. Pike, John. "Libyan Intervention in Chad, 1980-Mid-1987". www.globalsecurity.org.
3. S. Nolutshungu, p. 164
4. Geoffrey Leslie Simons, Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57
5. "قصة من تاريخ النشاط العسكري الفلسطيني... عندما حاربت منظمة التحرير مع القذافي ضد تشاد - رصيف22".
6. Talhami, Ghada Hashem (30 November 2018). Palestinian Refugees: Pawns to Political Actors. Nova Publishers. ISBN 9781590336496 – via Google Books.
7. "The Ecomog Experience with Peacekeeping in West Africa – Whither Peacekeeping in Africa? – Monograph No 36, 1999." Archived 2015-01-02 at the Wayback Machine Accessed January 29, 2016.
   • Despite the often discouraging prospects, the ECOMOG operation was ultimately successful for several reasons. The first was the sheer political will and tenacity of ECOWAS. The organisation did not have the option of cutting and running, for reasons that were as much self-interested as humanitarian. The second was the ability to combine three phases of conflict resolution: peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace enforcement, thereby changing mandates of forces in the field as developments on the ground required (a flexibility due, ironically, to the autonomy enjoyed by the military command and as a result of the weak control exercised by the ECOWAS directorate).
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62. Zenn (2020), p. 6. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFZenn2020 (help)