List of wars involving England

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1708, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom.

10th and 11th centuries

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
927	937	Overlordship conflicts following King Athelstan's formation of England in 927 AD	Kings of Wales	Scotland, Norse-Gaels	Scots/Norse-Gael alliance defeated at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937 AD
946	954	Reestablishment of Kingdom of Jorvik by King Eric "Bloodaxe" Haraldsson	Earl of Bamburgh	Jorvik	Eric Bloodaxe defeated by Earl of Bamburgh (backed by King Eadred of England) at the Battle of Stainmoor
1066	1088	Norman Conquest of England		Duchy of Normandy	Norman victory
1067		Norman invasion of Wales		Welsh kingdoms	Norman victory
1096	1099	First Crusade	Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France Duchy of Apulia Byzantine Empire Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	Great Seljuq Empire Danishmends Fatimids Almoravids Abbasids	Crusader victory

12th century

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
1135	1154	The Anarchy	Supporters of Stephen of Blois	Supporters of Empress Matilda and Henry Curtmantle	Treaty of Wallingford Stephen ousted, Henry crowned King of England.
1145	1149	Second Crusade	Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Portugal Castile County of Barcelona León Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Sicily	Sultanate of Rum Almoravids Almohads Zengids Abbasids Fatimids	Muslim victory in the Holy Land Crusader victories in Iberia and the Baltic
1173	1174	Revolt of 1173–74	English royalists	English rebels Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland County of Flanders County of Boulogne Duchy of Brittany	Royalist victory Rebels reconciled to rule of Henry II. William the Lion signs Treaty of Falaise. Henry II maintains hold on his territories. Several Scottish castles, including Berwick and Edinburgh, transferred to Henry II.
1189	1192	Third Crusade	Kingdom of Jerusalem France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary	Ayyubids Zengids Sultanate of Rum Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Sicily	Treaty of Ramla Partial Crusader victory

13th century

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
1213	1214	Anglo-French War (1213–1214)	Angevin Empire Holy Roman Empire County of Flanders County of Boulogne	France	French victory, collapse of the Angevin Empire.
1215	1217	First Barons' War	Pro-Angevin forces	Rebel Barons France	Rebellion put down, French invasion repelled, followed by return to antebellum status quo.
1242	1242	Saintonge War		France	French victory
1264	1267	Second Barons' War		Rebel barons	Monarchic victory
1271	1272	Ninth Crusade	France Kingdom of Cyprus Kingdom of Jerusalem County of Tripoli Ilkhanate Armenian Cilicia	Mamluks	Partial Crusader victory
1277	1283	Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England	Kingdom of England	Principality of Wales	English victory
1294	1303	Anglo-French War	Kingdom of England County of Flanders	Kingdom of France	Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, the daughter of King Philip IV of France marries the son of King Edward I of England, and England regains Gascony in exchange (that had been occupied in the war) for Edward I's homage to Philip IV. France occupies Flanders.
1296	1328	First War of Scottish Independence		Kingdom of Scotland	Scottish victory

14th century

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
1321	1322	Despenser War		Marcher Lords	Royalist victory
1324	1324	War of Saint-Sardos		France	French victory
1332	1357	Second War of Scottish Independence		Kingdom of Scotland France	Scottish victory
1337	1453	Hundred Years' War	Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Brittany (Montfort) Portugal Navarre Flanders Hainaut Luxembourg  Holy Roman Empire	France Castile Scotland Genoa Majorca Bohemia Aragon Brittany (Blois)	English victory in the Edwardian War French victory in the Caroline War and the Lancastrian War
1377	1575	Anglo-Scottish Wars		Scotland	Stalemate
1381	1382	Third Ferdinand War	Portugal	Castile	Castillian victory
1383	1385	1383–85 Crisis	Portugal Kingdom of England	Crown of Castile Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon	Victory

15th century

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
1400	1415	Glyndŵr Rising Part of the Hundred Years' War		Welsh rebels Kingdom of France	Total English victory
1455	1485	Wars of the Roses	House of Lancaster	House of York	Lancastrian victory, founding of the House of Tudor
1470	1474	Anglo-Hanseatic War	Kingdom of England	Hanseatic League	Defeat, Hanseatic victory
1496	1498	Italian War of 1494–1498 (1494–1498)	League of Venice:  Papal States  Republic of Venice  Kingdom of Naples Kingdoms of Spain Duchy of Milan  Holy Roman Empire  Republic of Florence Duchy of Mantua  Kingdom of England (from 1496)	Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries	Victory Forced French retreat
1497	1497	Cornish Rebellion of 1497		Cornish rebels	English victory

16th century

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
1512	1514	War of the League of Cambrai	Papal States Venice Holy Roman Empire Spain Swiss mercenaries	France Duchy of Ferrara Scotland	French and Venetian victory
1522	1525	Italian War of 1521–26	Papal States Holy Roman Empire Spain	France Venice	Victory
1528	1529	War of the League of Cognac	France Papal States Venice Florence Duchy of Milan	Spain Holy Roman Empire Republic of Genoa	Defeat, Imperial-Spanish victory
1542	1546	Italian War of 1542–46	Holy Roman Empire Spain Saxony Brandenburg	France Ottoman Empire Jülich-Cleves-Berg	Inconclusive
1543	1550	Rough Wooing	Kingdom of England	Scotland France	Defeat, Treaty of Norham, French-Scottish victory
1549	1549	Prayer Book Rebellion		Southwestern Catholics	Edwardian victory
1556	1559	Italian War of 1551–59 Anglo-French War (1557-1559)	Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Florence Duchy of Savoy	France Republic of Siena Ottoman Empire	Defeat, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, Loss of Calais
1562	1563	English expedition to France (1562-1563)	Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise	France	Defeat, Treaty of Troyes (1564), Elizabeth I accepts French rule over Pale of Calais in exchange for 120,000 Crowns.
1562	1598	French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)	Protestants: Huguenots  England	Catholics: Catholic League Spain  Duchy of Savoy	Victory Uneasy truce The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic Failure of France's enemies to weaken France and to gain territories
1566	1648	Eighty Years' War	Dutch Republic France Huguenots German Protestants	Holy Roman Empire Spain	Victory Peace of Münster, independent Netherlands
1569	1573	First Desmond Rebellion	Kingdom of England  Kingdom of Ireland allied Irish clans	FitzGeralds of Desmond allied Irish clans	Victory Second Desmond Rebellion
1579	1583	Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583)	Kingdom of England  Kingdom of Ireland allied Irish clans	FitzGeralds of Desmond  Spain  Papal States allied Irish clans	Victory Famine throughout Munster Plantation of Munster
1580	1583	War of the Portuguese Succession	Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato  France  United Provinces	Spain Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain	Defeat Decisive Spanish victory Philip of Spain crowned King of Portugal[1]
1585	1604	Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)	United Provinces  France Portuguese loyal to Prior of Crato French Huguenot forces	Spain Portugal under Philip of Spain French Catholic League Irish alliance Order of Saint John	Stalemate Status quo ante bellum Treaty of London
1594	1603	Nine Years' War (Ireland)	Kingdom of England  Kingdom of Ireland	Alliance of Irish clans Spain Scottish Gaelic mercenaries	Victory English victory Treaty of Mellifont (1603) Flight of the Earls (1607)

17th century

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
1602	1661	Dutch-Portuguese War (1602–1661)	Dutch Republic  Kingdom of England (until 1640) Johor Sultanate Kingdom of Kandy Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of Ndongo	Kingdom of Portugal  Crown of Castile (until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Potiguara Tupis	Treaty of Hague Formation of the Dutch Empire Portuguese Restoration War Dutch victory in the East Portuguese victory in South America and Africa
1625	1630	Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)	England Support:  United Provinces	Spain	Status quo ante bellum Spain seeks and signs peace treaty with England in light of imminent war with France Treaty of Madrid, similar to previous Anglo-Spanish treaty although somewhat less strict regarding trade England bankruptcy practically ends English support to Dutch Republic in Eighty Years' War
1627	1629	Anglo-French War (1627–1629)	England	France	French victory Treaty of Suza
1639	1653	Bishops' Wars (1639–1640)	Scottish Royalists England	Scottish Covenanters	Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England.
1640	1668	Portuguese Restoration War	Kingdom of Portugal  France  England	Crown of Spain	Victory Treaty of Lisbon Charles II of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of the House of Braganza over Portugal and its colonial possessions
1641	1653	Irish Confederate Wars	Parliamentarians	Irish Catholic Confederation (allied with Royalists 1648–1650) English and Scottish Royalists (allied with Irish Confederates 1648–1650)	English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland, defeat of Royalists and crushing of Irish Catholic power
1642	1651	English Civil War	Parliamentarians	Royalists	Parliamentarian victory Execution of King Charles I Exile of Charles II Establishment of the republican Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
1652	1654	First Anglo-Dutch War	Commonwealth of England	Dutch Republic	Victory Treaty of Westminster
1654	1660	Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)	Commonwealth of England  France (1657–59)	Spain Royalists of the British Isles	Victory Treaties of Madrid (1667 and 1670). Acquisition of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk and Mardyck by the Commonwealth of England
1665	1667	Second Anglo-Dutch War	England Bishopric of Münster	Dutch Republic Denmark  France	Defeat Uti possidetis Treaty of Breda
1672	1674	Third Anglo-Dutch War	England  France Bishopric of Münster Electorate of Cologne	Dutch Republic Denmark-Norway	Defeat Status quo ante bellum: Treaty of Westminster (1674)
1672	1678	Franco-Dutch War	France  England  Sweden Bishopric of Münster Archbishopric of Cologne	Dutch Republic  Holy Roman Empire  Spain Denmark-Norway Electorate of Brandenburg	Peace between France, England and the Dutch Republic: Treaty of Westminster (1674) Treaty of Nijmegen (1678-9) Franche-Comté and Spanish Netherlands cities ceded to France
1685	1685	Monmouth Rebellion	Royal army of James II	Rebel army of Duke of Monmouth	Victory for James II
1687	1688	Anglo-Siamese War	England East India Company	Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam) (with help from French mercenaries)	Inconclusive. English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all foreign trade in Siam for 150 years.
1688	1697	Nine Years' War	Grand Alliance:  Dutch Republic  England  Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire  Duchy of Savoy Swedish Empire (until 1691)  Scotland	France Jacobites	Treaty of Ryswick Louis XIV recognises William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland.

18th century

Start	End	Name of conflict	Belligerents (excluding England)		Outcome
			Allies	Enemies
1701	1714	War of the Spanish Succession	Austrian monarchy England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707) Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Piedmont-Savoy Prussia Habsburg Spain  Portugal	France Spanish monarchy Bavaria (~1704) Cologne Mantua (~1708)	Spain cedes the Spanish Netherlands, Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Sardinia to the Austrian Habsburgs; Sicily to the Duchy of Savoy; and Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain. France recognises British sovereignty over Rupert's Land and Newfoundland and cedes Acadia and its half of Saint Kitts to Britain. Philip V recognised as King of Spain.

List of civil wars

1. Rebellion of 1088 – in England and Normandy
2. The Anarchy (1135–54) – in England
3. Revolt of 1173–74 – in England, Normandy, and Anjou
4. First Barons' War (1215–17) – in England
5. Second Barons' War (1264–67) – in England
6. Welsh Uprising (1282) – in England and Wales
7. Peasants' Revolt (1381) – in England
8. Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) – in England and Wales; Richard III was the last English king to die in combat
9. Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) – in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
   • First Bishops' War (1639)
   • Second Bishops' War (1640)
   • Irish Rebellion of 1641
   • First English Civil War (1642–46)
   • The Confederates' War (1642–48)
   • Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47)
   • Second English Civil War (1648)
   • Third English Civil War (1650–51)
   • Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649)
10. Monmouth Rebellion (1685) – in England
11. Jacobite Rebellions (1689–91; 1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) – in England, Scotland and Ireland
    • Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91)
    • Battle of the Boyne (1690) – last battle between two rival claimants for the throne

See also

• List of wars in Great Britain
• Military history of England
• List of wars involving England and France
• List of wars involving the United Kingdom

References

1. Geoffrey Parker p.73

Further reading

• Barnett, Correlli. Britain and her army, 1509-1970: a military, political and social survey (1970).
• Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
• Chandler, David G., and Ian Frederick William Beckett, eds. The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003).
• Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660-1936 (1936). online
• Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970.
• Sheppard, Eric William. A short history of the British army (1950). online

Historiography

• Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp 55–74; annotated guide to most important books.