List of sovereign states in 1494
The notion of a sovereign state arises in the mid-16th century with the development of modern diplomacy. For earlier times, the term "sovereign state" is an anachronism. What corresponded to sovereign states in the medieval and ancient period were monarchs ruling By the Grace of God, de facto feudal or imperial autocrats, or de facto independent nations or tribal confederations.
Sovereign states
A
- Adal – Adal Sultanate
- Alodia – Kingdom of Alodia
- Andorra – Principality of Andorra
- Aq Qoyunlu – Aq Qoyunlu Federation
- Arakan – Sultanate of Arakan
- Assam – Kingdom of Assam
- Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan
- Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
- Aztec Empire – Aztec Empire
B
C
F
G
- Genoa – Republic of Genoa
- Gondwana – Kingdom of Gondwana
- Golden Horde – Golden Horde
- Gujarat – Sultanate of Gujarat
H
I
- Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti, with autonomous vassals:
- Guria – Principality of Guria
- Mingrelia – Principality of Mingrelia, with vassal:
- Svaneti – Principality of Svaneti
- Inca Empire – Inca Empire
- Iroquois – Iroquois, the Nations
J
- Japan – divided into small warring states
- Jolof – Jolof Empire, with vassal:
- Waalo – Kingdom of Waalo
K
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
- Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti
- Kalmar Union – Kalmar Union, consisting of
- Kanem Bornu – Empire of Kanem Bornu
- Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli[1]
- Kashmir – Sultanate of Kashmir
- Kathmandu – Kingdom of Kathmandu
- Kazakh Khanate – Kazakh Khanate
- Kazan – Khanate of Kazan
- Khandesh – Sultanate of Khandesh
- Knights of St. John – Knights of St. John
- Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
- Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
- Kotoko – Kotoko Kingdom
M
- Majapahit – Majapahit Empire
- Malacca – Sultanate of Malacca
- Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
- Mali – Mali Empire
- Malwa – Sultanate of Malwa
- Mamluk Sultanate – Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
- Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara
- Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
- Maya – Maya Empire
- Modena – Duchy of Modena
- Moldavia – Principality of Moldavia
- Mong Mao – Mong Mao
- Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
- Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
- Mughalistan – Khanate of Mughalistan
- Munster – Kingdom of Munster
- Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
- Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Moscow
- Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
- Mahiya Rajput – Kingdom of Wakaner
N
O
P
Q
- Qara Koyunlu – Federation of Qara Koyunlu
- Qasim – Qasim Khanate
R
S
- Saaremaa – Bishopric of Saaremaa-Wiek
- Saluzzo – Marquisate of Saluzzo
- Samtskhe – Principality of Samtskhe
- San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
- County of Santa Fiora
- Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
- Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland
- Shan – Kingdom of Shan
- Shawnee – Tribe of Shawnee
- Siberia – Khanate of Sibir
- Siena – Republic of Siena
- Sind – Sultanate of Sind
- Songhai – Songhai Empire
- Spain – Spain, a loose union between:
- Sukhothai – Kingdom of Sukhothai
- Sulu – Sulu Sultanate
- Swahili – Swahili Tribe
T
- Tartu – Bishopric of Tartu
- Taungu – Kingdom of Taungu
- Teutonic Knights – Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
- Texcoco – Kingdom of Texcoco
- Tibet – Tibet
- Timurid Empire
- Kingdom of Tlemcen – Kingdom of Tlemcen
- Travancore – Kingdom of Travancore
- Tripoli – Kingdom of Tripoli
U
- – Earldom of Ulster
V
- Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice
- Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire
Y
- Yemen – Kingdom of Yemen
Notes
- King Constantine II still claimed to be the King of Georgia, although by this time the kingdom had fragmented into Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti
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