List of queens regnant

This is a list of Queens who have ruled as Queen in many countries (Separate queens for separate countries). Included also are Pharaohs and Empresses, as well as other titles in case of smaller states (Grand Duchess, Archduchess, Duchess, Princess, etc.) If the Queen ruled as a regent this is indicated by "(regent)" following the name. Where a queen had no powers but only the title "(titular)" is added.

This article is about Queens regnant. For other female rulers, see List of female hereditary rulers.

Queens consort (who are styled Queen by virtue of marrying a monarch) are not included.

The following is an incomplete list of queens who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling queens (such as those from Africa and Oceania) are omitted. Section 1 lists Queens regnant: Queens who ruled in their own right. Section 2 lists Queens regent: Queens who have ruled on behalf of a monarch who was a minor, absent or incapacitated. Section 3 includes Legendary Queens. Section 4 lists Titular Queens: Queens who ruled in their own right, but had no constitutional standing or regal powers while in power. Section 5 lists various female leaders who were referred to as "Chieftainess."

Queens regnant

Algeria

Jarawa

Touggourt

  • Aisha (ruled c. 1833)

Egypt

Indigenous dynasties

Hatshepsut
Cleopatra VII

Ptolemaic dynasties

Ptolemy II instituted a new practice of brother-sister marriage when he married his full sister, Arsinoe II. They became, in effect, co-rulers, and both took the epithet Philadelphus ("Brother-Loving" and "Sister-Loving"). Because of this custom many of the kings ruled jointly with their spouses, who were also of the royal house. The only Ptolemaic Queens to officially rule on their own were Berenice III and Berenice IV. Cleopatra VI did co-rule, but it was with another female, Berenice IV. Cleopatra VII officially co-ruled with Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Ptolemy XIV, and Ptolemy XV, but effectively, she ruled Egypt alone

Ayyubid dynasty

Libya

Cyrene

  • Cleopatra Selene II (ruled 34–30 BC) - also known as Cleopatra VIII. In 75 BC, Cyrene became part of a Roman province, but it was restored to the Ptolemies by Mark Antony in 37 BC. In 34 BC Cleopatra VII and Antony's daughter, Cleopatra Selene II, was made Queen of Cyrene, but the city returned to Rome following Augustus' conquest of Egypt in 30 BC

Sudan
Amanitore

Kandake was a title for queens, queen mothers, and queens consort in Nubia, but ruling Kandakes may have included:

Benin

Hogbonu

  • Hude (ruled 1746–1752)
Gambia
Ghana

Akan state of Denkyira

  • Amoako Atta Yiadom (ruled 1770–1793), Denkyirahene

Akan state of Dwaben

  • Ama Serwah (ruled 1838–1846), Dwabenhene
  • Unknown Dwabenhene (ruled 1846-18??)
  • Nana Juaben Serwah II (ruled 1959–19??), Dwabenhene
Côte d'Ivoire

Baoule

  • Pokou (ruled 1750-1760)[1] - Queen and founder of the Baoule tribe
  • Akwa Boni (ruled 1760-1790),[1] Pokou's niece who succeeded her to the throne
Niger

Azna

Nigeria

Igodomigodo

  • Emose (584-600)
  • Orrorro (600-618)

Ondo Kingdom

Zazzau

  • Amina - There is controversy among scholars as to the date of her reign, one school placing her in the mid-15th century, and a second placing her reign in the mid to late 16th century
Senegal

Sine

Waalo

Sierra Leone

Koya

  • Fatima Brima Kama, Alikali (ruled 1826–1840), Bai
Angola

Jaga

Matamba

Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba

Mbunda Kingdom

  • Vamwene Naama
  • Vamwene Yamvu
  • Vamwene Mbaao ya Chinguli (ruled 1500s-early 1600s)
  • Vamwene Kaamba ka Mbaao
  • Vamwene Mukenge wa Lweembe, Livindamo

Ndongo

Cameroon

Bamum

  • Ngoungoure (ruled 1865), her rule lasted 30 minutes
Comoros

Ndzuwani (Anjouan)

  • Alimah I (ruled during the 16th century - unknown dates)
  • Alimah II (ruled 1632-1676)
  • Alimah III (ruled 1676–1711)
  • Alimah IV (ruled 1788–1792) - she was the de facto ruler of Anjouan with sultan Abdallah I during his reigns in 1782-1788 and 1792-1796

Bamboa

  • Nyau wa Faume

Itsandra

  • Fey Beja waWabeja, Mfalme

Bajini

  • Ja Mhaba, Mfalme
  • Hadija bint Ahmed, Mfalme

Mwali

Zewditu I, Empress of Ethiopia
Ethiopia

Gibe state of Gera

  • Genne Fa (ruled c. 1880)
Kenya
Ranavalona I
Madagascar

Boina Kingdom

  • Andrianaginarivo (ruled 1777-1778)
  • Tombola (ruled 1778)
  • Ravahiny (ruled 1778-1808)
  • Oantitsy (ruled 1832-1836)
  • Tsiomeko (ruled 1836-1840)
Mauritius
Tanzania
Uganda

Bunyoro

  • Masamba of Bunyoro (early 17th century) (5 Years)
Malawi
South Africa

Balobedu The Modjadji or Rain Queen is the hereditary queen of Balobedu, the people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The succession to the position of Rain Queen is matrilineal, meaning that the Queen's eldest daughter is the heir, and that males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall.

Lovedu

Batlokwa

Makololo

Canada
Mexico

Ecatepec

Palenque

Tepetlaoztoc

  • Azcasuch (ruled late 15th-early 16th century)

Yaxchilan

Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Grenada
Guatemala

Naranjo

Sak K'uk'

Tikal

Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Maria I, Queen of Brazil
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Brazil
Guyana
Trinidad and Tobago
China
Wu Zetian
  • Wu Zetian (Chinese: 武則天) - Empress regnant of China, ruling from 690 to 705. She is notable for being the only female monarch in the history of China.

Although Wu Zetian is the only undisputed empress regnant in Chinese history, there is one other documented case of a woman holding the title of "Empress regnant":

Japan
Empress Kōgyoku
Korea
Queen Seondeok

Silla

South Asia


Alupa dynasty

  • Ballamahadevi (ruled 1275–1285 with Nagadevarasa)

Arakkal dynasty

  • Ali Raja Bibi Harrabichi Kadavube (ruled 1728–1732)
  • Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe I (ruled 1732–1745)
  • Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe II (ruled 1777–1819)

British Raj

  • Victoria (ruled 1876–1901) - Empress of India

Holkar dynasty

Jhansi

Kakatiya dynasty

Kashmir

  • Sugandha (ruled in the 10th century)
  • Didda (ruled 980–1003), she ruled first as a Regent for her son Abhimanyu and thereafter as sole ruler in her own right
  • Kota Rani (ruled 1338–1339)

Keladi Nayaka dynasty

Kittur

Mamluk dynasty

Princely States

Bhopal State

  • Qudsia Begum (ruled 1819–1837) - in 1819, 18-year-old Qudsia Begum (also known as Gohar Begum) took over the reins after the assassination of her husband, Nawab Muiz Muhammad Khan Bahadur. She was the first female ruler of Bhopal. She declared that her 2-year-old daughter Sikander would follow her as the ruler; none of the male family members dared to challenge her decision. She ruled till 1837, when she died having adequately prepared her daughter for ruling the state.
  • Begum Sultan Shah Jehan (ruled 1844–1860 and 1868–1901) - Shahjahan was the only surviving child of Sikandar Begum, sometime Nawab of Bhopal by correct title, and her husband Jahangir Mohammed Khan. She was recognised as ruler of Bhopal in 1844 at the age of six; her mother wielded power as regent during her minority. However, in 1860, her mother Sikandar Begum was recognised by the British as ruler of Bhopal in her own right, and Shahjahan was set aside.
  • Begum Nawab Sikandar (ruled 1860–1868)
  • Begum Kaikhusrau Jahan (ruled 1901–1926)

Ullal

Maldives
  • Damahaar (ruled before 990) - Damahaar, a Ranin (Queen) of the Aadeetta (Sun) Dynasty, is mentioned by al-Idrisi as having reigned over the Maldives at some time before the semi-legendary King Koimala; there are several other mentions by foreign travelers, mainly Arabs, of queens ruling over the Maldives at various times; these are not always named and their reigns cannot be precisely dated
  • Khadijah (ruled 1347–1363, 1364–1374 and 1376–1380) - She is one of the earliest female rulers in a Muslim nation.
  • Raadhafathi (ruled 1380)
  • Dhaain (ruled 1385–1388)
  • Kuda Kala Kamanafa’anu (ruled 1607–1609)
  • Amina (ruled 1757 – 1759)
Pakistan

Sindh

Sri Lanka
Cambodia
Ang Mey
  • Soma (61-?)
  • Jayavedi (ruled 681–713) - during her rule, She was faulted in leadership which led The Chenla kingdom to break into two individual states, but then it record the period to be female-dominated dynasty with the wide range of female successors, totally driving the entire kingdom
  • Ang Mey (1835–1841 and 1844–1845) - also known as Ngọc Vân Quận chúa (Lady Ngọc Vân - Vietnamese) or Ksat Trey, she was proclaimed on the death of her father by the Vietnamese faction at court with the title of Mỹ Lâm Quận chúa (Lady Mỹ Lâm - Vietnamese) in January 1835. She was famous as a Vietnamese puppet queen
  • Sisowath Kossamak (1960-1970)
Indonesia

Aceh

Bali

Bugis

Kalingga

Majapahit

The statue of Tribhuwanottungadewi, queen of Majapahit, depicted as Parvati

Medang

Mengwi

Sonbai Kecil

  • Bi Sonbai (ruled 1672–1717), in western Timor
Laos

Lan Xang

  • Nang Keo Phimpha (ruled 1438) - after her nephew Lan Kham Deng died, she seized control of Lan Xang and the next four kings were under her control. She only reigned for a few months in 1438 at the age of 95; she was then deposed and killed.
Malaysia

Kelantan

Myanmar

Hanthawaddy

Philippines

Namayan and Tondo

Sulu

  • Nur ul-Azam (ruled c. 1680-1685)
Thailand
Main article: List of Thai royal consorts

Hariphunchai

Pattani

  • Ratu Hijau, 'the Green Queen' (ruled 1584–1616)
  • Ratu Biru, 'the Blue Queen' (ruled 1616–1624)
  • Ratu Ungu, 'the Purple Queen' (ruled 1624–1635)
  • Ratu Kuning, 'the Yellow Queen' (ruled 1635–1649/88), controversy surrounds the exact date of the end of her reign
  • Ratu Emas Kelantan (ruled 1670–1698 or 1690–1704) - thought by A. Teeuw & Wyatt to be a king, but claimed by al-Fatani to be a queen, the widow of Raja Bakal and mother of the succeeding queen
  • Ratu Emas Chayam (ruled 1698–1702 or 1704–1707 and 1716–1718)

Lanna

Vietnam
  • Queen Trưng Trắc (ruled 40–43) - the Trưng sisters (Vietnamese: Hai Bà Trưng; literally: two ladies Trưng) were leaders who rebelled against Chinese rule for three years, and are regarded as national heroines of Vietnam. Her name is Trưng Trắc.
  • Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng (ruled 1224–1225)

Champa

  • Isanavarman (ruled 653)
Iran
  • Musa of Parthia (Parthian queen regnant of Iran, ruled 2 BC–4 AD)
  • Pourandukht (In Persian: Pourandokht, Sassanid queen regnant and Daughter of Khosrow Parviz, ruled 629-630 and 631-632)
  • Azarmidokht (Sassanid queen regnant, sister of Pourandukht and daughter of Khosrow Parviz, ruled 630–631)

Elymais

  • Anzaze (ruled about 82/81 to 75 BC, following dates on the coins), she appears on coins together with king Kamnaskires III; they perhaps ruled together as on the coins she is called βασιλίσσης (the Genitive case of queen, βασίλισσα - basílissa)

Il Khanate

Salghurids

  • Abish Khatun b. Sa'd II (ruled 1263)
  • Abish Khatun w (ruled 1264–1282)
Iraq

Adiabene

Israel

Judah

Hasmonean dynasty

Herodian dynasty

Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem

Jordan

Nabatea

Kazakhstan

Massagetae

Saudi Arabia

Qedarite

  • Zabibe (ruled c. 750–735 BC)
  • Samsi (ruled c. 735–710 BC)
  • Yatie (ruled c. 710–695 BC)
  • Te'elkhunu (ruled c. 695–690 BC)
  • Tabua (ruled c. 678–675 BC)
Syria

Tanukhids

  • Mavia (ruled 375–425) - "The Queen of the Arabs"

Seleucid Empire

Turkey
Isabella of Armenia

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Caria

Dardania

Heraclea Pontica

Pontus

Prusias ad Mare

Saltukid dynasty

Trebizond

Uzbekistan

Khanate of Kokand

  • Irdana (ruled 1751–1770)
Yemen

Sulayhid dynasty

  • Asma bint Shihab (ruled 1047-1087) - she was the co-ruler of Yemen in co-regency with her cousin and spouse, Ali al-Sulayhi, and later her son, Ahmad al-Mukkaram, and daughter-in-law, Arwa al-Sulayhi. Though there were many female monarchs in the Muslim world, Asma bint Shihab and Arwa al-Sulayhi were the only female monarchs in the Arab world to have had the khutba proclaimed in their name in the mosques as sovereigns.
  • Arwa al-Sulayhi (ruled 1067–1138) - she ruled Yemen firstly with her first two husbands and her mother-in-law and then as sole ruler. She was the greatest of the rulers of the Sulayhid Dynasty and was also the first woman to be accorded the prestigious title of hujja in Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam, signifying her as the closest living image of God's will in her lifetime.

Europe
Maria Theresa, Queen regnant of Hungary, Bohemia[2] and the Holy Roman Empress

Andorra

Armenia

Austria
  • Maria Theresa (Archduchess) (ruled 1740-1780) - she was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. In some of the Habsburg dominions (such as Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia and Lodomeria and Galicia), she held the title of queen. By marriage, she was also Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress (all as consort).
Marcomanni
Odrysian kingdom
  • Antonia Tryphaena (ruled 18–38), co-ruling with Rhoemetalces II, son of Raskouporis II
  • Pythodoris II (ruled 38–46), co-ruling with Rhoemetalces III, son of Cotys

Bosnia

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech lands
Margaret I of Denmark

Denmark
  • Margaret I (ruled 1387–1412) - she was founder of the Kalmar Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century. Margaret is known in Denmark as "Margrethe I" to distinguish her from the current queen. Denmark did not have a tradition of allowing women to rule, so when her son died, she was titled "All-powerful Lady and Mistress (Regent) of the Kingdom of Denmark". She only styled herself Queen of Denmark in 1375, usually referring to herself as "Margaret, by the grace of God, daughter of Valdemar King of Denmark" and "Denmark's rightful heir" when referring to her position in Denmark. Others simply referred to her as the "Lady Queen", without specifying what she was queen of, but not so Pope Boniface IX, who in his letters styled her "our beloved daughter in Christ, Margaret, most excellent queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway"
  • Margaret II (reign 1972–present)

Estonia

Finland

Georgia
Tamar, King of Kings and Queen of Queens of the Georgians
  • Tamar the Great (ruled 1184–1213)
  • Rusudan (ruled 1223–1245)
Aeacid dynasty
Isaurian dynasty
Macedonian Dynasty
  • Zoe (ruled 1028–1041 and 1042–1050) - she ruled with her consorts Romanos III and Michael IV between 1028 and 1041; she ruled with her sister Theodora and her third husband Constantine IX from 1042 to 1050
  • Theodora (ruled 1042–1056) - she ruled from 1042 jointly with her sister Zoe and Zoe's third husband Constantine IX; she ruled from 1055 until her own death as sole monarch.
Epirus

Hungary
  • Mary (ruled 1382–1385 and 1386-1395) - she was crowned as King of Hungary to emphasize that she was a monarch in her own right; she co-ruled with her husband Sigismund of Luxembourg from 1387
  • Maria Theresa (Queen, "King") (ruled 1740–1780)

Iceland
Kingdom of Ireland
Naples
Parma
Sardinia
Sicily

Luxembourg

Malta
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands

Monaco

Netherlands
  • Wilhelmina (reigned 23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948)
  • Juliana (reigned 4 September 1948 – 30 April 1980)
  • Beatrix (reigned 30 April 1980 – 30 April 2013)

Norway
Agder
  • Åsa (ruled 815–834/38)

Poland
  • Hedwig (ruled 1384–1399) - she was crowned as King of Poland to emphasize that she was a monarch in her own right; she co-ruled with her husband Władysław II Jagiełło from 1386
  • Anna (ruled 1575–1586) - she was crowned as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania to emphasize that she was a monarch in her own right; she co-ruled with her husband Stephen Báthory

Portugal
Maria II of Portugal
Princes of Transylvania
Principality of Transylvania

Russia
Catherine II of Russia
Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus
  • Dynamis (ruled in 47 BC, 44-17 BC and 16-14 BC) - she co-ruled with her first husband Asander in 47 BC and from 44 BC until 17 BC; then she co-ruled with her second husband Polemon I from 16 BC until her death
  • Gepaepyris (ruled 38–45) - she ruled in association with her son Mithridates III
Khanate of Qasim
Isabella I of Castile

Spain
  • Urraca of León and Castile (ruled 1109–1126) - also styled as Empress of all the Spains (totius Hispaniae imperatrix). Her use of the imperial styling was limited, much more so than that of her predecessor and successor (it is possible that the imperial style had connotations too strongly masculine). Urraca did employ instead the title Queen of Spain on several occasions from the very beginning of her reign until the end
  • Petronila of Aragon (ruled 1137–1164)
  • Berenguela of Castile the Great (ruled 1217)
  • Sancha of León (ruled de jure 1230) - she ruled jointly with her sister Dulce. After the death of Sancha's brother, Alfonso IX named his second son, Ferdinand, his heir, bestowing on him the title infante. In 1217, Ferdinand's mother, Berengaria, inherited the Kingdom of Castile, but ceded it to her son. With his heir out of the kingdom and ruling in another place, Alfonso attempted to make his eldest daughters his joint heirs. In the Treaty of Boronal concluded with Portugal in 1219, Alfonso expressly states that if he should die, Portugal should respect the agreement with his daughters.[3] Alfonso also attempted to secure his eldest daughter's rights by marrying Sancha to John of Brienne, the former King of Jerusalem, but his wife Berengaria blocked this action in order to advance her son.[4] After this fiasco, Alfonso declared Sancha and Dulce his heirs, but upon his death on 24 September 1230, the people of León, who had pledged for Ferdinand in 1206, refused to recognise his daughters, and they in turn ceded their rights to his kingdom to their half-brother
  • Dulce of León (ruled de jure 1230) - she ruled jointly with her sister Sancha
  • Isabella I of Castile the Catholic (ruled 1474–1504) - After a struggle to claim her right to the throne, she reorganised the governmental system, brought the crime rate to the lowest it had been in years, and unburdened the kingdom of the enormous debt her brother had left behind. Her marriage with Ferdinand II of Aragon brought stability to the kingdoms that became the basis for the political unification of Spain. Her reforms and those she made with her husband had an influence that extended well beyond the borders of their united kingdoms. Isabella and Ferdinand are known for completing the Reconquista, ordering conversion or exile of their Muslim and Jewish subjects in the Spanish Inquisition, and for supporting and financing Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage that led to the opening of the New World.
  • Joanna of Castile and Aragon the Mad (ruled 1504–1555) - successor of the previous. After her husband's death she was deemed mentally ill and was confined to a nunnery for the rest of her life. Her father, Ferdinand II of Aragon, was regent until his death, when she inherited his kingdom as well.
  • Isabella II of Spain (ruled 1833–1868)

Sweden
Christina of Sweden
Kingdom of Ruthenia
Galicia and Lodomeria
Kingdoms of the Britons
  • Cartimandua (ruled c. 43–69), queen of the Brigantes, a Celtic people in what is now Northern England - she came to power around the time of the Roman conquest of Britain, and formed a large tribal agglomeration that became loyal to Rome; she is known exclusively from the work of a single Roman historian, Tacitus, though she appears to have been widely influential in early Roman Britain
  • Boudica (ruled c. 60–61), queen of the Brythonic Celtic Iceni, people of Norfolk, in Eastern Britain - in 61 AD, led a major uprising of the tribes against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
  • Seaxburh of Wessex (ruled c. 672–674) - she reigned jointly with her husband Cenwalh and, according to tradition, ruled Wessex as Queen for a year following Cenwalh's death in c. 672
  • Æthelflæd of Mercia (ruled 911–918) - eldest daughter of king Alfred the Great of Wessex, wife of Æthelred II, ealdorman of Mercia, and after his death, sole ruler of Mercia. While her husband was alive, she signed agreements, leading some to think that she was the real leader. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle styles her Lady of the Mercians (Myrcna hlæfdige)
  • Ælfwynn of Mercia (ruled 918) - daughter of Æthelflæd and Æthelred II, styled Lady of the Mercians. Deposed by her uncle, Edward the Elder (4 December 918), who annexed Mercia to Wessex, creating the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England
  • Matilda (ruled 7 April – 1 November 1141) - she was England's first de facto female ruler, holding the title of Lady of the English (she planned to assume the title of queen upon her coronation). She was declared heir presumptive by her father, Henry I, and acknowledged as such by the barons; however, upon the death of her father in 1135, Matilda's rival and cousin Stephen of Blois usurped the throne. The Anarchy followed, with Matilda's being a de facto ruler for a few months in 1141, but she was never crowned and failed to consolidate her rule (legally and politically)
  • Jane (ruled 1553, disputed) - her cousin Edward VI of England nominated Jane as successor to the Crown in his will and excluded his half sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. However, this was disputed following Edward's death, since parliament had not ratified his action and Jane was ‘queen’ for only nine days (10–19 July) before Edward's half-sister, Mary, was proclaimed Queen. Jane is nicknamed The Nine Days' Queen
  • Mary I (ruled 1553–1558)
  • Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603)
Kingdom of Scotland
  • Margaret, Maid of Norway (ruled 25 November 1286 – 26 September 1290) She was daughter of Eric II of Norway and Margaret of Scotland and was named "domina and right heir" of the Kingdom of Scotland by her grandfather, Alexander III. Her death, at the age of seven, while en route to Scotland sparked off the disputed succession which led to the Wars of Scottish Independence. As Margaret was never crowned or otherwise inaugurated, and never set foot on what was then Scottish soil during her lifetime, there is some doubt about whether she should be regarded as a Queen of Scots; this could ultimately be a matter of interpretation. Most lists of the monarchs of Scotland do include her, but a few do not.
  • Mary, Queen of Scots (ruled 1542–1567) - she was executed in England in 1587
Kingdoms of England and Scotland / Kingdom of Great Britain
United Kingdom

American Samoa
Tui Manuʻa Matelita.
  • Tuimanufili, (ruled as 20th Tui Manu'a)
  • Siliave, (ruled as 23rd Tui Manu'a)
  • Seuea, (ruled as 27th Tui Manu'a)
  • Matelita, (ruled 1891–1895, as 39th Tui Manu'a)

Australia
Bora Bora
Huahine
Tehaapapa II and Tehaapapa III
Raiatea
Rapa Iti
  • Daughter of Parima (ruled 1886–1887).
Rimatara
Tahiti
  • Purea (ruled 18th century), queen of the Teva clan on the southern part of the island before unification
  • Pōmare IV (ruled 1827-1877)

Fiji

Hawaii
Liliʻuokalani
  • Kingdom
    • Liliʻuokalani (ruled 1891–1893 and claimed status as queen until her death in 1917) - was one of many queens of Hawaii; however, she was the only queen regnant of the modern Kingdom of Hawaii established by Kamehameha I in the late eighteenth century

New Zealand
Rarotonga
Makea Takau Ariki

Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands

Tonga
  • Tupoumahe'ofo (ruled 1777–1781, as Tu'i Kanokupolu)
  • Salote Tupou III (ruled 1918–1965)

Tuvalu

Uvea (Wallis)

Female regents

Ashanti Empire
  • Yaa Asantewaa (c. 1840-1921) (regent), queen mother of Ejisu in the Ashanti Empire (1894-1902)

Dahomey
  • Hangbe (regent) ruler of Dahomey 1716-1718 between the death of Akaba and the rule of Agaja

Egypt
Ankhesenpepi II with her son Pepi II

Fatimid Caliphate

  • Sitt al-Mulk - regent from 1021 to 1023 during the reign of her nephew Ali az-Zahir.
  • Rasad - While never formally regent, she wielded a great deal of power during the reign of her son Al-Mustansir Billah and was the effective head of state from 1044 to 1062.

Kongo Kingdom
  • Isabel Maria da Gama (regent) 1962-1975

Mwali
  • Ravao (1840s) - regent during the early years of the reign of her daughter Djoumbé Fatima.[5]

Batlokwa
  • Mmanthatisi (1813-1824) - regent on behalf of her son Sekonyela.

Bhopal State

Iran

Thailand

Mongolia
Chagatai Khanate
Golden Horde
Kara-Khitan Khanate
Kashmir

India
Gond
Maratha Empire

Neo-Assyrian Empire

Palmyrene Empire

Vietnam
  • Queen Cù thị (regent) 113–112 BC
  • Empress Dương Vân Nga (regent) 979–981
  • Empress Thượng Dương (regent) 1072–1073
  • Lady Ỷ Lan (first regent 1069–1070) (second regent 1072–1085(6,?))
  • Empress Linh Chiếu (regent) 1138–1158

England

France

Franks

Illyrian Kingdom
  • Teuta (regent) 231–227 BC
  • Etuta (regent) 169-168 BC
  • Charel (regent) 522-533 BC

Khazar

Kievan Rus'
  • Olga (regent) 945-962

Lombards

Ostrogoths

Portugal
Luisa de Guzmán

Russia
Hedwig Eleanor of Sweden

Sweden

Roman Empire and immediate successors
  • Agrippina the Younger (regent) 49 - 56, as Augusta of the Roman Empire, ruled during the time of her husband and son.
  • Julia Domna (regent) 197 - 217, as Augusta of the Roman Empire, ruled during the time of her husband and sons and she was the first woman in the Severan dynasty to rule.
  • Julia Maesa (regent) 218 - 224, The Severan dynasty was dominated by powerful women, one of which was Maesa. Politically able and ruthless, she contended for political power after her sister's suicide and Afterwards she held power until she died in Rome.
  • Julia Soaemias (regent) 218 - 222, After his son came to power, he came to power with his mother and She attended meetings of the senate, and even held a "Women's Senate" deciding on matters of fashion and protocol. She was honored with various titles, including 'Augusta, mater Augusti' (Augusta, mother of Augustus) and 'Mater castorum et senatus et totius domus divinae' (Mother of camp and the senate and the divine house).
  • Julia Avita Mamaea (regent) 222 - 235, She was the mother of Roman Emperor Alexander Severus and served as regent of Rome during his minority, de facto during his reign. also Alexander confirmed his esteem for his mother and named her consors imperii (imperial consort).
  • Ulpia Severina (regent) 275 - there is considerable numismatic evidence for Ulpia Severina ruling in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Marcus Claudius Tacitus.[6] Sources mention an interregnum between Aurelian and Tacitus, and some of Ulpia's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death.[7] As such she may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.
Bithynia
Byzantine Empire
Zoe
  • Pulcheria (regent) 414–453
  • Irene (ruled 797–802) - she normally referred to herself as basilissa (empress), although there are three instances of the title basileus (emperor) being used by her
  • Theodora the Armenian (regent) 842-855
  • Martina (empress) 613-641
Latin Empire

Sarmatia
  • Amage (regent) 4th century BC

Ottoman Empire

Legendary Queens

Ahaggar

Amazons
  • Otrera, the daughter of Eurus (the east wind)
  • Hippolyta, the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle
  • Penthesilea, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe
  • Antianara, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe
  • Eurypyle
  • Lampedo
  • Marpesia

Assyria
  • Semiramis, the legendary queen of king Ninus, succeeding him to the throne of Assyria

Bohemia

Bornu Empire

Champa
  • Lady Po Nagar, According to Cham legend, was the founder of the Cham nation

Carthage
  • Dido (ruled 814 – c. 760 BC) - also known as Alyssa. Founder of Carthage, according to tradition

China

Funan Kingdom
  • Queen Somâ (ruled 180–90 BCE) - the earliest Queen and Leader in Cambodian history

Gideons Dynasty
  • Gudit, (ruled c. 960 – c. 1000)

Britain

Harran
  • Zugalum, (ruled 2400 BC)

Ireland
  • Macha, (ruled 661–654 BC)

Connacht
  • Medb, Queen of Connacht

Italy

Japan

Kelantan

Lydia

Mongolia
  • Alan Gua, a mythical figure from the Secret History of the Mongols

Nubia

Rapa Nui
  • Vakai

Poland

Puntland
  • Ati, a queen of the fabled Land of Punt in Africa

Sheba

Kish
  • Kubaba (ruled 25th century BC)

Titular Queens

Balete
  • Mosadi Seboko (ruled 2002-), the kgosikgolo[a] of the Balete people in Botswana

Māori

Mapuche
  • Laura Teresa I (ruled 1903–1916)

Naso
  • Rufina Santana (ruled 1982-1988)

Chieftainess

Crow tribe

Giluts'aaw
  • Victoria Young

Hispaniola
  • Anacaona, Cacica of Quisqueya
  • Iguanamá, also known as Isabel de Iguanamá

Israelite Tribes

Pamunkey

Puerto Rico
  • Doña Ines, mother of Caciques Agueybaná and Agüeybaná II
  • Doña María, daughter of Cacique Bagnamanay
  • Yuisa, Cacica in the region near Loíza, Puerto Rico

Rarotonga

Rewa, Burebasaga Confederacy
  • Ro Lady Lala Tuisawau-Mara, (ruled 1957 - 2004)
  • Ro Teimumu Tuisawau-Kepa, (ruled 2004 -)

Sakonnet

Seneca tribe

Xhosa
  • Nosizwe Tyali, Chief of Imingcangathelo
  • Nosiseko Gaika, Chief of Amambombo (Ngqika)
  • Nomasilakhe Komani, Chief of Imingqalasi

Notes
  1. Basil Davidson (2014). West Africa Before the Colonial Era: A History to 1850. Routledge. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-317-88265-7.
  2. "Sigismund (Holy Roman emperor)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
  3. Yáñez Neira, 54.
  4. Salvador Martínez, 32–33.
  5. Ibrahime, Mahmoud: Djoumbé Fatima: Une reine comorienne face aux visées coloniales de la marine française. Tarehi - Revue d'Histoire et d'Archéologie 2, 10–17, 2001.
  6. Watson, Alaric (1999). Aurelian and the Third Century. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-07248-4.
  7. Körner, Christian (December 23, 2008). "Aurelian (A.D. 270-275)". De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families. Retrieved January 6, 2011.

Bibliography
  • L. Pierotti Cei, Madonna Costanza, Regina di Sicilia e d'Aragona, Mondadori, Milan 1995.
  • S. Runciman, I Vespri siciliani, Rizzoli, Milan 1975.
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