List of parties to international copyright agreements
Below is a list of countries which have signed and ratified one or more multilateral international copyright treaties. This list covers only multilateral treaties (i.e., treaties by more than two countries). It does not include bilateral treaties (treaties between only two countries). Related rights provide intellectual property rights for performers, producers of sound recordings (phonograms) and broadcasting organisations. In some countries these rights are known simply as copyright, while other countries distinguish them from authors' rights: in either case, the international laws which are concerned with them are distinct from those concerned with literary and artistic works under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and other treaties.
Treaties
Short name | Long name | Place/act | Date (of signature) |
Date (into force) |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berne | Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works | Berne | 1886-09-09 | 1887-12-05[1] | |
Buenos Aires | Buenos Aires Convention | Buenos Aires | 1910-08-11 | 1913-03-28[2] | Largely deprecated since 2000-08-23, when the last holdout joined the Berne Convention. The Dominican Republic was the first adherent to the Convention, effective October 31, 1912. The Convention came into force when Guatemala became the second adherent on March 28, 1913.[2] |
UCC Geneva | Universal Copyright Convention | Geneva Act | 1952-09-06 | 1955-09-16[3] | Has lost significance since almost all members are also members of TRIPS. |
UCC Paris | Universal Copyright Convention | Paris Act | 1971-07-24 | 1974-07-10[4] | Has lost significance since almost all members are also members of TRIPS. |
TRIPS | Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights | Marrakech | 1994-04-15 | 1995-01-01[5] | Membership in TRIPS coincides with membership in the World Trade Organization except for least developed countries, which were granted a grace period; observer governments of the World Trade Organization are marked observer in the table below and painted blue in the third map below. |
WCT | WIPO Copyright Treaty | Geneva | 1996-12-20 | 2002-03-06[6][7][8] | |
MVT | Marrakesh VIP Treaty | Marrakesh | 2013-06-28 | 2016-09-30[9] | Full name is the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works to Visually Impaired Persons and Persons with Print Disabilities. |
In addition to these treaties, the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a multilateral treaty governing multiple aspects of intellectual property, including copyright. As of February 2012, ACTA has been signed by 31 countries, but only ratified by Japan.[10] If ACTA is ratified by six or more signatories, it will enter into force thirty days later.[11]
As of January 2021, Eritrea, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, and WTO Observer countries Iran, Iraq, Ethiopia, Somalia, and South Sudan are not a party to any copyright convention.
Maps
- Berne ConventionRatifications of the Convention as of 2019
- Buenos Aires ConventionSignatories to the Buenos Aires Convention
- TRIPSWTO members (where the TRIPS agreement applies)Parties to the Agreement where also the membership of the European Union appliesObservers to the WTO
Table of parties
The list below was taken from details supplied by WIPO, UNESCO and the WTO (see references): they are correct as of 2005-12-11 (2000-01-01 for the Universal Copyright Convention), and include some accessions after that date. Dates quoted are the date on which the treaty came into effect for a given country.
Country | Website | Berne | Buenos Aires | UCC Geneva | UCC Paris | TRIPS | WCT | MVT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 2018-06-02[12] | 2016-06-18 | 2021-02-09[13] | 2018-10-26 | ||||
Albania | 1994-03-06 | 2004-02-04 [2] | 2000-09-08 | 2005-08-06 | ||||
Algeria | 1998-04-19 | 1973-08-28 | 1974-07-10 | Observer | 2014-01-31[14] | |||
Andorra | 2004-06-02 | 1955-09-16 | Observer | |||||
Angola | 1996-11-23 | |||||||
Antigua and Barbuda | 2000-03-17 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Argentina | 1967-06-10 | 1950-04-19 | 1958-12-13 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Armenia | 2000-10-19 | 2003-02-05 | 2005-03-06 | |||||
Australia | 1928-04-14 | 1969-05-01 | 1978-02-29 | 1995-01-01 | 2007-07-26 | |||
Austria | 1920-10-01 | 1957-07-02 | 1982-08-14 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Azerbaijan | 1999-06-04 | Observer | 2006-04-11 | |||||
Bahamas | 1973-07-10 | 1976-10-13 | 1976-12-27 | Observer | ||||
Bahrain | 1997-03-02 | 1995-01-01 | 2005-12-15 | |||||
Bangladesh | 1999-05-04 | 1975-08-05 | 1975-08-05 | 1995-01-01 | ||||
Barbados | 1983-07-30 | 1983-06-18 | 1983-06-18 | 1995-01-01 | 2019-12-13[15] | |||
Belarus | 1997-12-12 | Observer | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Belgium | 1887-12-05 | 1960-08-31 | 1995-01-01 | 2006-08-30 | ||||
Belize | 2000-06-17 | 1983-03-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2019-02-09[16] | ||||
Benin | 1961-01-03 | 1996-02-22 | 2006-04-16 | |||||
Bhutan | 2004-11-25 | Observer | ||||||
Bolivia | 1993-11-04 | 1914-05-15 | 1990-03-22 | 1990-03-22 | 1995-09-12 | Signed | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | Observer | 2009-11-25[17] | |||
Botswana | 1998-04-15 | 1995-05-31 | 2005-01-27 | |||||
Brazil | Biblioteca National | 1922-02-09 | 1915-08-31 | 1960-01-13 | 1975-12-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2018-10-08[18] | |
Brunei | 2006-08-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2017-5-2[19] | |||||
Bulgaria | 1921-12-05 | 1975-06-07 | 1975-06-07 | 1996-12-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Burkina Faso | 1963-08-19 | 1995-06-03 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Burundi | 2016-04-12[20] | 1995-07-23 | 1995-07-23 | 2016-4-12[21] | ||||
Cambodia | 1955-09-16 | 2004-10-13 | ||||||
Cameroon | 1964-09-21 | 1973-05-01 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-12-13 | ||||
Canada | Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) | 1928-04-10 | 1962-08-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2014-08-13[22] | |||
Cape Verde | 1997-07-07 | 2008-07-23 | 2019-5-22[23] | |||||
Central African Republic | 1977-09-03 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Chad | 1971-11-25 | 1996-10-19 | ||||||
Chile | 1970-06-05 | 1955-06-14 | 1955-09-16 | 1995-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | ||
China, People's Republic of | 1992-10-15 | 1992-10-30 | 1992-10-30 | 2001-12-11 | 2007-06-09 (Hong Kong and Macau at later dates) | |||
Colombia | 1988-03-07 | 1936-12-23 | 1976-06-18 | 1976-06-18 | 1995-04-30 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Comoros | 2005-04-17 | Observer | 2021-04-25[24] | |||||
Congo, Democratic Republic | 1963-10-08 | 1997-01-01 | ||||||
Congo, Republic | 1962-05-08 | 1997-03-27 | ||||||
Cook Islands | 2017-08-03[25] | 2019-06-19[26] | ||||||
Costa Rica | 1978-06-10 | 1916-11-30 | 1955-09-16 | 1980-03-07 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Côte d'Ivoire | 1962-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | |||||
Croatia | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Cuba | 1997-02-20 | 1957-06-18 | 1995-04-20 | |||||
Cyprus | 1964-02-24 | 1990-12-19 | 1990-12-19 | 1995-07-30 | 2003-11-04 | |||
Czech Republic | 1993-01-01 | 1960-01-06 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1980-04-17 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Denmark | 1903-07-01 | 1962-02-09 | 1979-07-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Djibouti | 2002-05-13 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Dominica | 1999-08-07 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Dominican Republic | 1997-12-24 | 1912-10-31 | 1983-05-08 | 1982-05-08 | 1995-03-09 | 2006-01-10 | ||
East Timor | Observer (as "Timor-Leste") | |||||||
Ecuador | 1991-10-09 | 1914-04-27 | 1957-05-03 | 1991-09-06 | 1996-01-21 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Egypt | 1977-06-07 | 1995-06-30 | ||||||
El Salvador | 1994-02-19 | 1979-03-29 | 1979-03-29 | 1995-05-07 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Equatorial Guinea | 1997-06-26 | Observer | ||||||
Eritrea | ||||||||
Estonia | 1994-10-26 | 1999-11-13 | 2010-03-14 | |||||
Ethiopia | Observer | |||||||
European Union | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||||
Fiji | 1971-12-01 | 1972-03-13 | 1996-01-14 | |||||
Finland | 1928-04-01 | 1963-04-16 | 1986-11-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
France | 1887-12-05 | 1956-01-14 | 1972-12-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Gabon | 1962-03-26 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Gambia | 1993-03-07 | 1996-10-23 | ||||||
Georgia | 1995-05-16 | 2000-06-14 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Germany | 1887-12-05 | 1955-09-16 | 1974-01-18 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Ghana | 1991-10-11 | 1962-08-22 | 1995-01-01 | 2006-11-18 | ||||
Greece | 1920-11-09 | 1963-08-24 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
Grenada | 1998-09-22 | 1996-02-22 | ||||||
Guatemala | 1997-07-28 | 1913-03-28 | 1964-10-28 | 1995-07-21 | 2003-02-04 | |||
Guinea | 1980-11-20 | 1981-11-13 | 1981-11-13 | 1995-10-25 | 2002-05-25 | |||
Guinea-Bissau | 1991-07-22 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Guyana | 1994-10-25 | Unknown | Unknown | 1995-01-01 | ||||
Haiti | 1996-01-11 | 1919-11-27 | 1955-09-16 | 1996-01-30 | ||||
Honduras | 1990-01-25 | 1914-04-27 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-05-20 | ||||
Hong Kong | 1997-07-01 | 1997-09-30 | 1997-09-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2008-10-01[27] | |||
Hungary | 1922-02-14 | 1971-01-23 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Iceland | Miðstöð Islenskra Bókmennta | 1947-09-07 | 1956-12-18 | 1995-01-01 | ||||
India | 1928-04-01 | 1958-01-21 | 1988-04-07 | 1995-01-01 | ||||
Indonesia | 1997-09-05 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Iran | Observer | |||||||
Iraq | Observer | |||||||
Ireland | 1927-10-05 | 1959-01-20 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
Israel | 1950-03-24 | 1955-09-16 | 1995-04-21 | Signed | ||||
Italy | 1887-12-05 | 1957-01-24 | 1980-01-25 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Jamaica | 1994-01-01 | 1995-05-09 | 2002-06-12 | |||||
Japan | 1899-07-15 | 1955-09-16 | 1977-10-21 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2019-01-01 [2] | ||
Jersey | 2014-01-31[28] | |||||||
Jordan | 1999-07-28 | 2000-04-11 | 2004-04-27 | |||||
Kazakhstan | 1999-04-12 | 1973-05-27 | Observer | 2004-11-12 | ||||
Kenya | 1993-06-11 | 1966-09-07 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | Signed | |||
Kiribati | 2018-01-02[29] | |||||||
Korea, Democratic People's Republic | 2003-04-28 | 2016-09-30 [2] | ||||||
Korea, Republic | 1996-08-21 | 1987-10-01 | 1987-10-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2004-06-24 | 2016-09-30 [2] | ||
Kuwait | 2014-12-02[30] | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Kyrgyzstan | 1999-07-08 | 1998-12-20 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Laos | 2012-03-14[31] | 1955-09-16 | 2013-02-02 | |||||
Latvia | 1995-08-11 | 1999-02-10 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Lebanon | 1947-09-30 | 1959-10-17 | Observer | |||||
Lesotho | 1989-09-28 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Liberia | 1989-03-08 | 1956-07-27 | ||||||
Libya | 1976-09-28 | Observer | ||||||
Liechtenstein | 1931-07-30 | 1959-01-22 | 1999-11-11 | 1995-09-01 | 2007-04-30 | |||
Lithuania | 1994-12-14 | 2001-05-31 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Luxembourg | 1888-06-20 | 1955-10-15 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
Macau | 1999-12-20 | 1995-01-01 | 2013-11-06[32] | |||||
Macedonia | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 2003-04-04 | 2004-02-04 | |||
Madagascar | 1966-01-01 | 1995-11-17 | 2015-2-24[33] | |||||
Malawi | 1991-10-12 | 1965-10-26 | 1995-05-31 | |||||
Malaysia | 1990-10-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2012-12-27[34] | |||||
Maldives | 1995-05-31 | |||||||
Mali | 1962-03-19 | 1995-05-31 | 2002-04-24 | |||||
Malta | 1964-09-21 | 1968-11-19 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
Marshall Islands | ||||||||
Mauritania | 1973-02-06 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Mauritius | 1989-05-10 | 1970-11-20 | 1995-01-01 | |||||
Mexico | 1967-06-11 | 1964-04-24 | 1957-05-12 | 1975-10-31 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Federated States of Micronesia | 2003-10-07 | |||||||
Moldova | 1995-11-02 | 2001-07-26 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Monaco | 1989-05-30 | 1955-09-16 | 1974-12-13 | Signed | ||||
Mongolia | 1998-03-12 | 1997-01-29 | 2002-10-25 | |||||
Montenegro | 2006-06-03 | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 2012-04-29 | 2003-06-13 (as Serbia and Montenegro) | |||
Morocco | 1917-06-16 | 1976-01-28 | 1995-01-01 | 2011-07-20[35] | ||||
Mozambique | 2013-11-22[36] | 1995-08-26 | ||||||
Myanmar | 1995-01-01 | |||||||
Namibia | 1990-03-21 | 1995-01-01 | Signed | |||||
Nauru | 2020-05-11[37] | 2020-08-11[38] | ||||||
Nepal | 2006-01-11 | 2004-04-23 | ||||||
Netherlands | 1912-11-01 | 1967-06-22 | 1985-11-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
New Zealand | https://www.iponz.govt.nz/ | 1928-04-24 | 1964-09-11 | 1964-09-11 | 1995-01-01 | |||
Nicaragua | 2000-08-23 | 1913-12-15 | 1961-08-16 | 1995-09-03 | 2003-03-06 | |||
Niger | 1962-05-02 | 1989-05-15 | 1989-05-15 | 1996-12-13 | ||||
Niue | 2016-09-24[39] | 2015-01-08[40] | ||||||
Nigeria | 1993-09-14 | 1962-02-14 | 1995-01-01 | 2018-01-04[41][42] | ||||
Norway | Nasjonal Biblioteket | 1896-04-13 | 1963-01-23 | 1974-08-07 | 1995-01-01 | |||
Oman | 1999-07-14 | 2000-11-09 | 2005-09-20 | |||||
Pakistan | 1948-07-05 | 1955-09-16 | 1995-01-01 | |||||
Palau | ||||||||
Panama | 1996-06-08 | 1913-11-25 | 1962-10-17 | 1980-09-03 | 1997-09-06 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Papua New Guinea | 1996-06-09 | |||||||
Paraguay | 1992-01-02 | 1917-09-20 | 1962-03-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Peru | 1988-08-20 | 1920-04-30 | 1963-10-16 | 1985-07-22 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Philippines | Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) | 1951-08-01 | 1955-11-19 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-10-04 | |||
Poland | 1920-01-28 | 1977-03-09 | 1977-03-09 | 1995-07-01 | 2004-03-23 | |||
Portugal | 1911-03-29 | 1956-12-25 | 1981-07-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Qatar | 2000-07-05 | 1996-01-13 | 2005-10-28 | |||||
Romania | 1927-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Russia | 1995-03-13 | 1973-05-27 (as the Soviet Union) | 1994-12-09 | 2012-08-22 | 2009-02-05 | |||
Rwanda | 1984-03-01 | 1989-11-10 | 1989-11-10 | 1996-05-22 | ||||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1995-04-09 | 1996-02-21 | ||||||
Saint Lucia | 1993-08-24 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1995-08-29 | 1985-04-22 | 1985-04-22 | 1995-01-01 | ||||
Samoa | 2006-07-21 | 2012-05-10 | ||||||
San Marino | 2020-09-02[43] | 2020-09-02[44] | ||||||
São Tomé and Príncipe | 2016-06-14[45] | 2020-04-27[46] | ||||||
Saudi Arabia | 2004-03-11 | 1994-07-13 | 1994-07-13 | 2005-12-11 | ||||
Senegal | 1962-08-25 | 1974-07-09 | 1974-07-09 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-05-18 | |||
Serbia | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | Observer | 2003-06-13 (as Serbia and Montenegro) | |||
Seychelles | 2015-04-26 | |||||||
Sierra Leone | 1995-07-23 | |||||||
Singapore | 1998-12-21 | 1995-01-01 | 2005-04-17 | |||||
Slovakia | 1993-01-01 | 1993-01-01 | 1960-01-06 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1980-04-17 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Slovenia | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 1995-07-30 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Solomon Islands | 2019-07-04[47] | 1996-07-26 | ||||||
Somalia | Observer | |||||||
South Africa | 1928-10-03 | 1928-10-03 | 1995-01-01 | Signed | ||||
South Sudan | Observer | |||||||
Spain | 1887-12-05 | 1887-12-05 | 1955-01-27 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||
Sri Lanka | 1959-07-20 | 1984-01-25 | 1959-07-20 | 1984-01-25 | 1984-01-25 | |||
Sudan | 2000-12-28 | 2000-12-28 | ||||||
Suriname | 1977-02-23 | 1977-02-23 | ||||||
Swaziland | 1998-12-14 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Sweden | 1904-08-01 | 1961-07-01 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Switzerland | 1887-12-05 | 1956-03-30 | 1993-09-21 | 1995-07-01 | 2008-07-01 | |||
Syria | 2004-06-11 | |||||||
Taiwan | 2002-01-01 (as "Chinese Taipei") | |||||||
Tajikistan | 2000-03-09 | 2013-03-02 | 2009-04-05 | |||||
Tanzania | 1994-07-25 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Thailand | 1931-07-17 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Togo | 1975-04-30 | 1995-05-31 | 2003-05-21 | |||||
Tonga | 2001-06-14 | 2007-07-27 | ||||||
Trinidad and Tobago | 1988-08-16 | 1988-08-19 | 1988-08-19 | 1995-03-01 | 2008-11-28 | |||
Tunisia | 1887-12-05 | 1969-06-19 | 1975-06-10 | 1995-03-29 | ||||
Turkey | 1952-01-01 | 1995-03-26 | 2008-11-28 | |||||
Turkmenistan | 2016-05-29[48][49] | |||||||
Tuvalu | 2017-6-2[50] | 2014-06-04[51] | ||||||
Uganda | 1995-01-01 | |||||||
Ukraine | 1995-10-25 | 1994-01-17[52] | 2008-05-16 | 2002-03-06 | ||||
United Arab Emirates | 2004-07-14 | 1996-04-10 | 2004-07-14 | |||||
United Kingdom | Intellectual Property Office | 1887-12-05 | 1957-09-27 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | 2019-01-01 [2] | |
United States | United States Copyright Office | 1989-03-01 | 1911-08-01[53] | 1955-09-16 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2019-05-08 [2] |
Uruguay | 1967-07-10 | 1919-05-11 | 1993-04-12 | 1993-04-12 | 1995-01-01 | 2009-06-05 | ||
Uzbekistan | 2005-04-19 | Observer | 2019-07-17[54] | |||||
Vanuatu | 2012-12-27[55] | 2012-08-24 | 2020-08-06[56] | |||||
Holy See (Vatican City) | 1935-09-12 | 1955-10-05 | 1980-05-06 | Observer | ||||
Venezuela | 1982-12-30 | 1966-09-30 | 1996-04-11 | 1995-01-01 | Signed | |||
Vietnam | 2004-10-26 | 2007-01-11 | ||||||
Yemen | 2008-07-14 | 2014-06-26 | ||||||
Zambia | 1992-01-02 | 1965-06-01 | 1995-01-01 | |||||
Zimbabwe | 1980-04-18 | 1995-03-05 | ||||||
See also
- List of parties to international related rights treaties
- List of parties to international patent treaties
References
- Parties to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works; document dated 2008-01-15, retrieved 2008-02-15.
- Library of Congress Copyright Office, International Copyright Relations of the United States. Circular 38a (PDF), Washington, D.C., retrieved 8 August 2019
- Parties to the Geneva Act of the Universal Copyright Convention Archived 2009-12-22 at the Portuguese Web Archive as of 2000-01-01: the dates given in the document are dates of ratification, not dates of coming into force. The Geneva Act came into force on 1955-09-16 for the first twelve to have ratified (which included four non-members of the Berne Union as required by Art. 9.1), or three months after ratification for other countries.
- Parties to the Paris Act of the Universal Copyright Convention Archived 2009-12-22 at the Portuguese Web Archive as of 2000-01-01: the dates given in the document are dates of ratification, not dates of coming into force. The Paris Act came into force on 1974-07-10 for countries having ratified before that date, or three months after ratification for other countries.
- Members of the World Trade Organization: document dated 2015-04-26, retrieved 2015-10-22.
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- Contracting Parties > Marrakesh VIP Treaty
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