List of extreme temperatures in Canada
| Province or Territory | Record high temperature | Date | Place(s) | Record low temperature | Date | Place(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alberta | 43.3 °C / 110 °F | July 21, 1931 | Bassano Dam | -61.1 °C / -78 °F | January 11, 1911 | Fort Vermilion |
| British Columbia | 44.4 °C / 112 °F | July 16 and 17, 1941 | Lytton and Lillooet |
-58.9 °C / -74 °F | January 31, 1947 | Smith River |
| Manitoba | 44.4 °C / 112 °F | July 11 and 12, 1936 | Emerson and St. Albans (Treesbank) |
-52.8 °C / -63 °F | January 9, 1899 | Norway House |
| New Brunswick | 39.4 °C / 103 °F | August 18, 1935 | Nepisiguit Falls, Rexton, and Woodstock | -46.7 °C / -52 °F | January 18, 1925 | Chipman[1] |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 38.3 °C / 101 °F | July 6, 1921 | North West River (Labrador) | -51.1 °C / -60 °F | February 17, 1972 | Esker (Labrador) |
| 36.7 °C / 98 °F* | August 22, 1976 | Botwood (Newfoundland) | -45.0 °C / -49 °F* | February 4, 1975 | Badger (Newfoundland) | |
| Northwest Territories | 39.4 °C / 103 °F | July 18, 1941 | Fort Smith | −59.4 °C / -74.9 °F | January 8, 1936 | Fort Resolution |
| Nova Scotia | 38.3 °C / 101 °F | August 19, 1935 | Collegeville | -41.1 °C / -42 °F | January 31, 1920 | Upper Stewiacke |
| Nunavut | 34.9 °C / 94.8 °F | July 15, 1989 | Kugluktuk | −57.8 °C / -72 °F | February 13, 1973 | Shepherd Bay |
| Ontario | 42.2 °C / 108 °F |
July 20, 1919 | Biscotasing | -58.3 °C / -73 °F |
January 23, 1935 | Iroquois Falls |
| July 11 and 12, 1936 | Atikokan | |||||
| July 13, 1936 | Fort Frances | |||||
| Prince Edward Island | 36.7 °C / 98 °F | August 19, 1935 | Charlottetown | -37.2 °C / -35 °F | January 26, 1884 | South Kildare |
| Quebec | 40.0 °C / 104 °F | July 6, 1921 | Ville-Marie | -54.4 °C / -66 °F | February 5, 1923 | Doucet |
| Saskatchewan | 45.0 °C / 113 °F | July 5, 1937 | Yellow Grass and Midale |
-56.7 °C / -70 °F | February 1, 1893 | Prince Albert |
| Yukon | 36.5 °C / 97.7 °F | June 25, 2004 | Takhini | -63.0 °C / -81.4 °F | February 3, 1947 | Snag |
*Regional extreme
Highest temperature readings (selected locations)
| Date Recorded | Location | Temperature °C (°F) |
|---|---|---|
| July 5, 1937 | Yellow Grass and Midale, Saskatchewan | 45.0 °C (113 °F)[2] |
| July 11 and 12, 1936 | Emerson and St. Albans (Treesbank), Manitoba | 44.4 °C (112 °F)[3] |
| July 16 and 17, 1941 | Lillooet and Lytton, British Columbia | 44.4 °C (112 °F)[4] |
| July 5, 1937 | Regina, Saskatchewan | 43.9 °C (111 °F)[5] |
| July 11, 1936 | Brandon, Manitoba | 43.3 °C (110 °F)[6] |
| July 21, 1931 | Bassano Dams, Alberta | 43.3 °C (110 °F)[7] |
| July 27, 1998 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 42.8 °C (109.0 °F)[8] |
| July 11 and 12, 1936 | Atikokan, Ontario | 42.2 °C (108 °F)[9] |
| July 13, 1936 | Fort Frances, Ontario | 42.2 °C (108 °F)[10] |
| July 11, 1936 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | 42.2 °C (108 °F) |
| July 20, 1919 | Biscotasing, Ontario | 42.2 °C (108 °F) |
| July 30, 2009 | Woss, British Columbia | 42.1 °C (107.8 °F) |
| July 15, 2014 | Ashcroft, British Columbia | 41.7 °C (107.1 °F) |
| July 27, 1939 & July 16, 1941 | Kamloops, British Columbia | 41.7 °C (107 °F)[11][12] |
| June 6, 1988 | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | 40.6 °C (105 °F)[13] |
| July 29, 2009 | Bella Coola, British Columbia | 41.2 °C (106.2 °F) |
| July 8, 9, 10, 1936 | Toronto, Ontario | 40.6 °C (105 °F)[14] |
| June 25, 1988 | Windsor, Ontario | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) |
| July 6, 1921 | Ville-Marie (Témiscamingue, Quebec) | 40.0 °C (104 °F) |
| August 18, 1935 | Nepisiguit Falls, Rexton & Woodstock, New Brunswick | 39.4 °C (103 °F) |
| July 18, 1941 | Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | 39.4 °C (103 °F) |
| July 31, 1975 | Sudbury, Ontario | 38.3 °C (101 °F) |
| August 19, 1935 | Collegeville, Nova Scotia | 38.3 °C (101 °F) |
| July 10, 1912 | Halifax, Nova Scotia | 37.2 °C (99 °F)[15] |
| July 15, 1989 | Kugluktuk, Nunavut | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) |
| July 30, 2009 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) |
| July 20, 2000 | Robertson Lake, Nunavut | 32.6 °C (90.7 °F) |
Highest temperatures ever recorded in Canada
| Date Recorded | Location | Temperature |
|---|---|---|
| July 5, 1937 | Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan | 45.0 °C / 113 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Midale, Saskatchewan | 45.0 °C / 113 °F |
| July 11, 1936 | St. Albans (Treesbank), Manitoba | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 12, 1936 | Emerson, Manitoba | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 16, 1941 | Lillooet, British Columbia | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 16, 1941 | Lytton, British Columbia | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 17, 1941 | Lillooet, British Columbia | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 17, 1941 | Lytton, British Columbia | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 17, 1941 | Chinook Cove, British Columbia | 44.4 °C / 111.9 °F |
| July 29, 1934 | Rock Creek, British Columbia | 43.9 °C / 111 °F |
| July 5, 1936 | Midale, Saskatchewan | 43.9 °C / 111 °F |
| July 11, 1936 | Emerson, Manitoba | 43.9 °C / 111 °F |
| July 11, 1936 | Morden, Manitoba | 43.9 °C / 111 °F |
| July 4, 1937 | Rosetown, Saskatchewan | 43.9 °C / 111 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Regina, Saskatchewan | 43.9 °C / 111 °F |
| July 16, 1941 | Oliver, British Columbia | 43.9 °C / 111 °F |
| June 5, 1988 | Kincaid, Saskatchewan | 43.5 °C / 110.3 °F |
| June 23, 1900 | Cannington, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| June 25, 1919 | Dauphin, Manitoba | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 31, 1926 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 24, 1927 | Greenwood, British Columbia | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 25, 1931 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 5, 1936 | Estevan, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 7, 1936 | Emerson, Manitoba | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 11, 1936 | Waskada, Manitoba | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 11, 1936 | Virden, Manitoba | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 11, 1936 | Brandon, Manitoba | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 11, 1936 | Grenfell, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Grenfell, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Francis, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Regina, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Estevan, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 5, 1937 | Carlyle, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 12, 1937 | Regina, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 27, 1939 | Oliver, British Columbia | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 17, 1941 | Oliver, British Columbia | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 17, 1941 | Skagit River, British Columbia | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 19, 1941 | Elbow, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 19, 1941 | Lumsden, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| August 6, 1949 | Rosetown, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| July 19, 1960 | Newgate, British Columbia | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
| August 5, 1961 | Maple Creek, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C / 109.9 °F |
Lowest temperature readings
The coldest place in Canada based on average yearly temperature is Eureka, Nunavut, where the temperature averages at −19.7 °C or −3.5 °F for the year. However, the coldest temperature ever recorded in Canada was −63 °C or −81.4 °F in Snag, Yukon.
| Date Recorded | Location | Temperature |
|---|---|---|
| Monday, February 3, 1947 | Snag, Yukon | −63 °C (−81.4 °F)[2] |
| Wednesday, January 11, 1911 | Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −61.1 °C (−78.0 °F) |
| Sunday, January 5, 1975 | Old Crow, Yukon | −59.4 °C (−74.9 °F) |
| Wednesday, January 8, 1936 | Fort Resolution, NWT | −59.4 °C (−74.9 °F) |
| Friday, January 31, 1947 | Smith River, British Columbia | −58.9 °C (−74.0 °F) |
| Wednesday, January 23, 1935 | Iroquois Falls, Ontario | −58.3 °C (−72.9 °F) |
| Tuesday, February 13, 1973 | Shephard Bay, Nunavut | −57.8 °C (−72.0 °F) |
| Wednesday, December 26, 1917 | Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | −57.2 °C (−71.0 °F) |
| Wednesday, February 1, 1893 | Prince Albert, Saskatchewan | −56.7 °C (−70.1 °F) |
| Sunday, February 11, 1979 | Dawson City, Yukon | −55.8 °C (−68.4 °F) |
| Friday, February 9, 1934 | Iroquois Falls, Ontario | −55.6 °C (−68.1 °F) |
| Thursday, February 15, 1979 | Eureka, Nunavut | −55.3 °C (−67.5 °F) [18] |
| Monday, February 12, 1979 | Pond Inlet, Nunavut | −53.9 °C (−65.0 °F) |
| Monday, February 5, 1923 | Doucet, Quebec | −54.4 °C (−65.9 °F) |
| Monday, January 9, 1899 | Norway House, Manitoba | −52.8 °C (−63.0 °F) |
| Friday, January 7, 1966 | Resolute, Nunavut | −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) |
| January 1947 | Whitehorse, Yukon | −52.1 °C (−61.8 °F) |
| Friday, January 31, 1947 | Yellowknife, Northwest Territories | −51.2 °C (−60.2 °F) |
| Saturday, February 17, 1973 | Esker 2, Newfoundland and Labrador | −51.1 °C (−60.0 °F) |
| Thursday, January 13, 1972 | High Level, Alberta | −50.6 °C (−59.1 °F)[19] |
| Wednesday, January 31, 1996 | Geraldton, Ontario | −50.2 °C (−58.4 °F) |
| Thursday January 1, 1885 | Regina, Saskatchewan | −50.0 °C (−58.0 °F)[20] |
| Thursday, January 11, 2018 | Rabbit Kettle, Northwest Territories | −49.8 °C (−57.6 °F) |
| Tuesday, January 19 and Thursday, January 21 1886 | Edmonton, Alberta | −49.4 °C (−56.9 °F)[21] |
| Saturday, December 30, 2017 | Rabbit Kettle, Northwest Territories | −48.6 °C (−55.5 °F) |
| Saturday, February 17, 1973 | Wabush, Newfoundland and Labrador | −47.8 °C (−54.0 °F) |
| Wednesday, December 24, 1879 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | −47.8 °C (−54.0 °F) |
| Friday, February 10, 1967 | Iqaluit, Nunavut | −45.6 °C (−50.1 °F) |
| Monday, January 29, 1996 | Jasper, Alberta | −43.8 °C (−46.8 °F) |
| Tuesday, December 17, 2013 | Eureka Airport, Nunavut | −42.0 °C (−43.6 °F) |
| Saturday, January 31, 1920 | Upper Stewiacke, Nova Scotia | −41.1 °C (−42.0 °F) |
| Thursday, December 17, 2020 | Fort McKay, Alberta | -37.1 °C
(-34.78 °F) |
Yearly Canadian temperature extremes
- Note that minimum extremes are for the entire winter season ending in the year listed.
| Year | Extreme maximum | Extreme minimum | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Temperature | Location | Temperature | |
| 2021 | TBA | TBA | Wekweeti, Northwest Territories | −51.9 °C (−61 °F) |
| 2020 | Lytton, British Columbia | 41.4 °C (107 °F) | Thomsen River, Northwest Territories | −51.8 °C (−61 °F) |
| 2019 | Trail, British Columbia | 39.2 °C (103 °F) | Shepherd Bay, Nunavut | −48.8 °C (−56 °F) |
| 2018 | Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan | 42.3 °C (108 °F) | Kugaaruk, Nunavut | −51.8 °C (−61 °F) |
| 2017 | Hedley, British Columbia | 41.0 °C (106 °F) | Mould Bay, Northwest Territories | −54.7 °C (−66 °F) |
| 2016 | Oliver, British Columbia | 39.0 °C (102 °F) | Eureka, Nunavut | −47.8 °C (−54 °F) |
| 2015 | Hedley, British Columbia | 42.0 °C (108 °F) | Old Crow, Yukon | −49.7 °C (−57 °F) |
| 2014 | Ashcroft, British Columbia | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Eureka, Nunavut | −50.4 °C (−59 °F) |
| 2013 | Lytton, British Columbia | 40.5 °C (105 °F) | Eureka, Nunavut | −51.5 °C (−61 °F) |
| 2012 | Lytton, British Columbia | 40.3 °C (105 °F) | Old Crow, Yukon | −52.1 °C (−62 °F) |
| 2011 | Grimsby, Ontario | 38.5 °C (101 °F) | Watson Lake, Yukon | −52.8 °C (−63 °F) |
| 2010 | Ashcroft, British Columbia | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Old Crow, Yukon | −47.6 °C (−54 °F) |
| 2009 | Gold River, British Columbia | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | McQuesten, Yukon | −52.0 °C (−62 °F) |
| 2008 | Lytton, British Columbia | 40.4 °C (105 °F) | Mayo, Yukon | −53.8 °C (−65 °F) |
| 2007 | Woodrow, Saskatchewan | 43.0 °C (109 °F) | Ogilvie River, Yukon | −54.5 °C (−66 °F) |
| 2006 | Lytton, British Columbia | 42.1 °C (108 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −50.0 °C (−58 °F) |
| 2005 | Frontier, Saskatchewan | 39.5 °C (103 °F) | Stewart Crossing and Burwash Landing, Yukon | −55.0 °C (−67 °F) |
| 2004 | Lytton, British Columbia | 41.8 °C (107 °F) | Pelly Ranch and Ogilvie River, Yukon | −54.5 °C (−66 °F) |
| 2003 | Elrose, Saskatchewan | 41.0 °C (106 °F) | La Grande 4, Quebec | −50.4 °C (−59 °F) |
| 2002 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 42.0 °C (108 °F) | Key Lake, Saskatchewan | −51.5 °C (−61 °F) |
| 2001 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Eureka, Nunavut | −51.2 °C (−60 °F) |
| 2000 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories | −52.3 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1999 | Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 39.0 °C (102 °F) | Ross River, Yukon | −57.0 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1998 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Stewart Crossing, Yukon | −55.0 °C (−67 °F) |
| 1997 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 39.6 °C (103 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −55.0 °C (−67 °F) |
| 1996 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 41.2 °C (106 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −55.0 °C (−67 °F) |
| 1995 | Smoky Falls, Ontario and Lake Cowichan, British Columbia | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories | −54.6 °C (−66 °F) |
| 1994 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 42.6 °C (109 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −52.0 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1993 | Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 37.5 °C (100 °F) | Old Crow, Yukon | −57.0 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1992 | Osoyoos, British Columbia | 39.8 °C (104 °F) | Shepherd Bay, Nunavut | −50.0 °C (−58 °F) |
| 1991 | Empress and Bindloss, Alberta | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −54.0 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1990 | Lytton, British Columbia | 40.2 °C (104 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −57.0 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1989 | Turtle Mountain, Manitoba | 40.5 °C (105 °F) | Ogilvie River, Yukon | −56.0 °C (−69 °F) |
| 1988 | Kincaid, Saskatchewan | 43.5 °C (110 °F) | Shepherd Bay, Nunavut | −55.6 °C (−68 °F) |
| 1987 | Boston Bar, British Columbia | 42.0 °C (108 °F) | Eureka, Nunavut | −55.3 °C (−68 °F) |
| 1986 | Boston Bar, British Columbia | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | Swift River, Yukon | −54.0 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1985 | Lytton, British Columbia | 41.0 °C (106 °F) | Watson Lake, Yukon | −53.3 °C (−64 °F) |
| 1984 | Consul, Saskatchewan | 43.0 °C (109 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −55.0 °C (−67 °F) |
| 1983 | Midale, Saskatchewan | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | Stewart River, Yukon | −58.0 °C (−72 °F) |
| 1982 | Boston Bar and Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 39.5 °C (103 °F) | Ross River, Yukon | −58.5 °C (−73 °F) |
| 1981 | Boston Bar and Lytton, British Columbia | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | Stewart Crossing, Yukon | −55.5 °C (−68 °F) |
| 1980 | Francis, Saskatchewan | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −58.0 °C (−72 °F) |
| 1979 | Kettle Valley, British Columbia | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −58.5 °C (−73 °F) |
| 1978 | Boston Bar, British Columbia | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −54.4 °C (−66 °F) |
| 1977 | Salmo, British Columbia | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | Eagle River, Yukon | −53.9 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1976 | Waskada, Manitoba | 41.5 °C (107 °F) | Ross River, Yukon | −56.7 °C (−70 °F) |
| 1975 | Turbine, Ontario | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Old Crow and Ross River, Yukon | −59.4 °C (−75 °F) |
| 1974 | Kamloops, British Columbia | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Mayo, Yukon | −56.7 °C (−70 °F) |
| 1973 | Altawan, Alberta | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Shepherd Bay, Nunavut | −57.8 °C (−72 °F) |
| 1972 | Lillooet, British Columbia and Lumsden, Saskatchewan | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Ross River, Yukon | −56.7 °C (−70 °F) |
| 1971 | Lytton, British Columbia | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Pelly Ranch and Mayo, Yukon | −58.3 °C (−73 °F) |
| 1970 | Altawan, Alberta | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −53.9 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1969 | Willow Creek, Saskatchewan | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Ross River, Yukon | −57.2 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1968 | Boston Bar, British Columbia | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −60.0 °C (−76 °F) |
| 1967 | Lytton, British Columbia | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −56.7 °C (−70 °F) |
| 1966 | Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Pelly Ranch and Carmacks, Yukon | −57.8 °C (−72 °F) |
| 1965 | Ashcroft, British Columbia | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Snag, Yukon | −56.2 °C (−69 °F) |
| 1964 | Sturgeon Crossing, Saskatchewan | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Isachsen, Nunavut | −53.3 °C (−64 °F) |
| 1963 | East Poplar River, Willow Creek, and Cardross, Saskatchewan | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Mayo, Yukon | −57.2 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1962 | Lytton, British Columbia | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −58.9 °C (−74 °F) |
| 1961 | Maple Creek, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Pelly Ranch and Dawson City, Yukon | −51.2 °C (−60 °F) |
| 1960 | Newgate, British Columbia | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Shingle Point, Yukon, Eureka, Nunavut, and Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories | −51.2 °C (−60 °F) |
| 1959 | Newgate, British Columbia | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −57.8 °C (−72 °F) |
| 1958 | Midale, Saskatchewan | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Lake Hazen, Nunavut | −56.2 °C (−69 °F) |
| 1957 | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −54.4 °C (−66 °F) |
| 1956 | Barriere & Lytton, British Columbia | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Pelly Ranch, Yukon | −55.6 °C (−68 °F) |
| 1955 | Ramsey, Ontario & Oliver, British Columbia | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Old Crow, Yukon | −55.6 °C (−68 °F) |
| 1954 | Foremost, Alberta | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Frenchman Butte, Saskatchewan & Snag, Yukon | −52.2 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1953 | Willow Creek, Saskatchewan | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Elmworth, Alberta | −53.3 °C (−64 °F) |
| 1952 | Midale, Saskatchewan | 40.6 °C (105 °F) | Snag, Yukon | −60.9 °C (−78 °F) |
| 1951 | St Albans, Manitoba & Port Alberni, British Columbia | 40.6 °C (105 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories & Isachsen, Nunavut | −52.8 °C (−63 °F) |
| 1950 | Lytton & Port Alberni, British Columbia | 38.3 °C (101 °F) | Snag, Yukon | −56.2 °C (−69 °F) |
| 1949 | Rosetown, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Snag, Yukon | −56.2 °C (−69 °F) |
| 1948 | Pennant, Saskatchewan | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Eureka, Nunavut | −52.8 °C (−63 °F) |
| 1947 | Semans, Saskatchewan | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Snag, Yukon | −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) |
| 1946 | Beechy, Saskatchewan | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Fort MacKenzie, Quebec | −51.2 °C (−60 °F) |
| 1945 | Waneta, British Columbia & Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | St. Walburg, Saskatchewan | −50.0 °C (−58 °F) |
| 1944 | Skagit River, British Columbia & Kimberley, British Columbia | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Passe Dangereuse Dam, Quebec | −50.0 °C (−58 °F) |
| 1943 | Rosetown, Saskatchewan | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Mayo, Yukon | −55.0 °C (−67 °F) |
| 1942 | Cumberland, British Columbia | 43.9 °C (111 °F) | Heaslip, Ontario | −50.0 °C (−58 °F) |
| 1941 | Lytton, British Columbia, Lillooet, British Columbia& Barriere, British Columbia | 44.4 °C (112 °F) | Watson Lake, Yukon | −51.7 °C (−61 °F) |
| 1940 | Grand Forks, British Columbia | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Watson Lake, Yukon | −50.6 °C (−59 °F) |
| 1939 | Oliver, British Columbia | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Elmworth, Alberta & Watson Lake, Yukon | −52.2 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1938 | Barriere, British Columbia | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −52.2 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1937 | Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan & Midale, Saskatchewan | 45.0 °C (113 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −51.2 °C (−60 °F) |
| 1936 | St Albans (Treesbank), Manitoba & Emerson, Manitoba | 44.4 °C (112 °F) | Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories | −59.4 °C (−75 °F) |
| 1935 | Lillooet, British Columbia | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Rocky Mountain House, Alberta | −53.9 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1934 | Rock Creek, British Columbia | 43.9 °C (111 °F) | Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −57.8 °C (−72 °F) |
| 1933 | Leader, Saskatchewan, Outlook, Saskatchewan, Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, Pennant, Saskatchewan, and Lumsden, Saskatchewan | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Dawson, Yukon | −52.8 °C (−63 °F) |
| 1932 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Mayo, Yukon | −53.9 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1931 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan and Aneroid, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −49.4 °C (−57 °F) |
| 1930 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Witchekan, Saskatchewan | −53.9 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1929 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, and Greenwood, British Columbia | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Rocky Mountain House, Alberta | −53.3 °C (−64 °F) |
| 1928 | Lillooet, British Columbia and Greenwood, British Columbia | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Vanderhoof, British Columbia & Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −50.6 °C (−59 °F) |
| 1927 | Greenwood, British Columbia | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −51.7 °C (−61 °F) |
| 1926 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Doucet, Quebec | −48.9 °C (−56 °F) |
| 1925 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Mayo, Yukon | −57.2 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1924 | Waneta, British Columbia and Grand Forks, British Columbia | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −52.2 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1923 | Newgate, British Columbia and Grand Forks, British Columbia | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Doucet, Quebec | −54.4 °C (−66 °F) |
| 1922 | St Albans, Manitoba and Grand Forks, British Columbia | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories | −52.8 °C (−63 °F) |
| 1921 | St Albans, Manitoba, Bassano Dam, Alberta, and Vauxhall, Alberta | 40.6 °C (105 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −50.6 °C (−59 °F) |
| 1920 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Stry, Alberta | −52.2 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1919 | Dauphin, Manitoba | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −53.9 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1918 | Lillooet, British Columbia, London, Ontario, and Chatham, Ontario | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | −57.2 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1917 | Jenner, Alberta | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −57.2 °C (−71 °F) |
| 1916 | Iroquois Falls, Ontario | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −55.6 °C (−68 °F) |
| 1915 | Jenner, Alberta | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | −49.4 °C (−57 °F) |
| 1914 | St Albans, Manitoba | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Amos, Quebec | −52.8 °C (−63 °F) |
| 1913 | Ashcroft, British Columbia and Fort Frances, Ontario | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −54.4 °C (−66 °F) |
| 1912 | St Albans, Manitoba | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Dawson, Yukon | −52.2 °C (−62 °F) |
| 1911 | Scarborough, Ontario and Grimsby, Ontario | 40.6 °C (105 °F) | Fort Vermilion, Alberta | −60.3 °C (−76.5 °F) |
| 1910 | St Albans, Manitoba and Moosehorn, Manitoba | 41.7 °C (107 °F) | Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories | −51.2 °C (−60 °F) |
| 1909 | Cannington, Saskatchewan | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Dawson, Yukon | −53.9 °C (−65 °F) |
| 1908 | Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Fort Chipewyan, Alberta and Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories | −48.9 °C (−56 °F) |
| 1907 | Kitimat, British Columbia | 41.1 °C (106 °F) | Dawson, Yukon | −50.6 °C (−59 °F) |
| 1906 | Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 42.2 °C (108 °F) | Whitehorse, Yukon | −56.2 °C (−69 °F) |
| 1905 | Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 40.6 °C (105 °F) | Gleichen, Alberta and Kneehill, Alberta | −47.2 °C (−53 °F) |
| 1904 | Enderby, British Columbia | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Dawson, Yukon | −50.0 °C (−58 °F) |
| 1903 | Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Dawson, Yukon | −51.7 °C (−61 °F) |
| 1902 | Spences Bridge, British Columbia | 38.3 °C (101 °F) | Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories | −46.7 °C (−52 °F) |
| 1901 | St Albans, Manitoba | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Dawson, Yukon | −55.6 °C (−68 °F) |
| 1900 | Cannington, Saskatchewan | 43.3 °C (110 °F) | Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories | −51.7 °C (−61 °F) |
Occurrences by province
| Province/Territory | Extreme maximum occurrences | Extreme minimum occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| Alberta | 8 | 14 |
| British Columbia | 70 | 1 |
| Manitoba | 12 | 0 |
| Northwest Territories | 0 | 22 |
| Nunavut | 0 | 13 |
| Ontario | 8 | 1 |
| Quebec | 0 | 6 |
| Saskatchewan | 32 | 4 |
| Yukon | 0 | 65 |
Extreme maximum occurrences by community
| City | Province | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| Lytton | BC | 15 |
| Spences Bridge | BC | 8 |
| Osoyoos | BC | 8 |
| Fort Qu'Appelle | SK | 8 |
| St Albans | MB | 8 |
| Boston Bar | BC | 6 |
| Lillooet | BC | 5 |
| Midale | SK | 4 |
| Ashcroft | BC | 4 |
Extreme minimum occurrences by town
| City | Province/Territory | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| Pelly Ranch | YT | 19 |
| Fort Good Hope | NT | 10 |
| Dawson | YT | 8 |
| Mayo | YT | 7 |
| Eureka | NU | 7 |
| Fort Vermilion | AB | 7 |
| Old Crow | YT | 6 |
| Ross River | YT | 6 |
| Snag | YT | 6 |
| Watson Lake | YT | 5 |
| Shepherd Bay | NU | 4 |
Yearly Canadian Average Mean Temperatures
| Year | Highest Average | Lowest Average | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Temperature | Location | Temperature | |
| 2020 | Tsawwassen, British Columbia | 12.0 °C / 53.6 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −16.9 °C / 1.6 °F |
| 2019 | Vancouver, British Columbia (Harbour CS station) | 11.5 °C / 52.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −16.0 °C / 3.2 °F |
| 2018 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia (Merry Island Lighthouse) | 11.8 °C / 53.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.8 °C / −1.8 °F |
| 2017 | Windsor, Ontario | 11.5 °C / 52.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.7 °C / −1.7 °F |
| 2016 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia (Merry Island Lighthouse) | 12.2 °C / 54.0 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −16.7 °C / 1.9 °F |
| 2015 | Howe Sound, British Columbia | 12.7 °C / 54.9 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.1 °C / −0.6 °F |
| 2014 | Qualicum Beach, British Columbia (Sisters Island) | 11.9 °C / 53.4 °F | Resolute, Nunavut | −15.7 °C / 3.7 °F |
| 2013 | Qualicum Beach, British Columbia | 11.3 °C / 52.3 °F | Resolute, Nunavut | −15.6 °C / 3.9 °F |
| 2012 | Windsor, Ontario | 12.2 °C / 54.0 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −17.5 °C / 0.5 °F |
| 2011 | Windsor, Ontario | 10.8 °C / 51.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −17.3 °C / 0.9 °F |
| 2010 | Windsor, Ontario | 11.4 °C / 52.5 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −15.9 °C / 3.4 °F |
| 2009 | Chemainus, British Columbia | 10.8 °C / 51.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −17.7 °C / 0.1 °F |
| 2008 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia (Merry Island Lighthouse) | 10.7 °C / 51.3 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.1 °C / −0.8 °F |
| 2007 | Saturna Island, British Columbia | 11.8 °C / 53.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −16.7 °C / 1.9 °F |
| 2006 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 11.5 °C / 52.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −16.7 °C / 1.9 °F |
| 2005 | Saturna Island, British Columbia | 12.5 °C / 54.5 °F | Isachsen, Nunavut | −17.5 °C / 0.5 °F |
| 2004 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 11.9 °C / 53.4 °F | Alert, Nunavut | −19.4 °C / −2.9 °F |
| 2003 | Victoria, British Columbia | 11.8 °C / 53.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −17.6 °C / 0.3 °F |
| 2002 | Windsor, Ontario | 11.13 °C / 52 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −17.6 °C / 0.3 °F |
| 2001 | Saturna Island, British Columbia | 11.9 °C / 53.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.7 °C / −1.7 °F |
| 2000 | Victoria, British Columbia | 11.2 °C / 52.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.0 °C / −2.2 °F |
| 1999 | Windsor, Ontario | 11.3 °C / 52.3 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.7 °C / −3.5 °F |
| 1998 | Windsor, Ontario | 12.5 °C / 54.5 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −17.0 °C / −1.4 °F |
| 1997 | Victoria, British Columbia | 11.8 °C / 53.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.2 °C / −2.6 °F |
| 1996 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 10.9 °C / 51.6 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.7 °C / −1.7 °F |
| 1995 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 12.1 °C / 53.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.2 °C / −0.8 °F |
| 1994 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 12.1 °C / 53.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.0 °C / −0.4 °F |
| 1993 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 11.5 °C / 52.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.8 °C / −1.8 °F |
| 1992 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 12.4 °C / 54.3 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.5 °C / −4.9 °F |
| 1991 | Agassiz, British Columbia | 11.3 °C / 52.3 °F | Mould Bay, Northwest Territories | −17.7 °C / 0.1 °F |
| 1990 | Pelee Island, Ontario | 11.1 °C / 52 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.4 °C / −2.9 °F |
| 1989 | Chilliwack, British Columbia | 11.0 °C / 51.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.6 °C / −5.1 °F |
| 1988 | Chilliwack, British Columbia | 10.9 °C / 51.6 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.3 °C / −0.9 °F |
| 1987 | Chilliwack, British Columbia | 11.9 °C / 53.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −21.2 °C / −6.2 °F |
| 1986 | Chilliwack, British Columbia | 11.2 °C / 52.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.8 °C / −5.4 °F |
| 1985 | Windsor, Ontario | 10.4 °C / 50.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.0 °C / −4 °F |
| 1984 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 10.4 °C / 50.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −21.3 °C / −6.3 °F |
| 1983 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 11.0 °C / 51.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.3 °C / −2.7 °F |
| 1982 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 10.5 °C / 50.9 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.4 °C / −4.7 °F |
| 1981 | Powell River, British Columbia | 11.0 °C / 51.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −17.6 °C / 0.3 °F |
| 1980 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 10.6 °C / 51.1 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.9 °C / −3.8 °F |
| 1979 | Port Coquitlam, British Columbia | 11.0 °C / 51.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −21.5 °C / −6.7 °F |
| 1978 | Port Coquitlam, British Columbia | 10.7 °C / 51.3 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.3 °C / −2.7 °F |
| 1977 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 10.4 °C / 50.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.8 °C / −3.6 °F |
| 1976 | Chilliwack, British Columbia | 10.3 °C / 50.5 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.6 °C / −5.1 °F |
| 1975 | Pelee Island, Ontario | 10.3 °C / 50.5 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.5 °C / −4.9 °F |
| 1974 | Vancouver, British Columbia | 10.7 °C / 51.3 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −21.3 °C / −6.3 °F |
| 1973 | Pelee Island, Ontario | 11.5 °C / 52.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.0 °C / −4 °F |
| 1972 | Surrey, British Columbia | 10.2 °C / 50.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −21.8 °C / −7.2 °F |
| 1971 | Windsor, Ontario | 10.3 °C / 50.5 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.0 °C / −4 °F |
| 1970 | Surrey, British Columbia | 10.6 °C / 51.1 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.2 °C / −4.4 °F |
| 1969 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 10.6 °C / 51.1 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.5 °C / −3.1 °F |
| 1968 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 10.6 °C / 51.1 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.8 °C / −3.6 °F |
| 1967 | Lytton, British Columbia | 11.6 °C / 52.9 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.5 °C / −3.1 °F |
| 1966 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 10.8 °C / 51.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.2 °C / −4.4 °F |
| 1965 | Chilliwack, British Columbia | 10.9 °C / 51.6 °F | Isachsen, Nunavut | −18.8 °C / −1.8 °F |
| 1964 | Saltspring Island, British Columbia | 10.1 °C / 50.2 °F | Isachsen, Nunavut | −20.5 °C / −4.5 °F |
| 1963 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 11.2 °C / 52.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.3 °C / −2.7 °F |
| 1962 | Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia | 10.7 °C / 51.3 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.3 °C / −0.9 °F |
| 1961 | Chilliwack, British Columbia | 11.3 °C / 52.3 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.4 °C / −4.7 °F |
| 1960 | Victoria, British Columbia | 10.8 °C / 51.4 °F | Isachsen, Nunavut | −18.3 °C / −0.9 °F |
| 1959 | Victoria, British Columbia | 10.6 °C / 51.1 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.6 °C / −3.8 °F |
| 1958 | Victoria, British Columbia | 12.1 °C / 53.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.0 °C / −0.4 °F |
| 1957 | Nanaimo, British Columbia | 11.0 °C / 51.8 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.9 °C / −3.8 °F |
| 1956 | Duncan, British Columbia | 10.6 °C / 51.1 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −20.2 °C / −4.4 °F |
| 1955 | Chatham, Ontario | 10.8 °C / 51.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.3 °C / −2.7 °F |
| 1954 | Chatham, Ontario | 10.2 °C / 50.4 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.6 °C / −1.5 °F |
| 1953 | Lytton, British Columbia | 11.2 °C / 52.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.4 °C / −2.9 °F |
| 1952 | Chatham, Ontario | 10.6 °C / 51.1 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −18.4 °C / −1.1 °F |
| 1951 | Nanaimo, British Columbia | 11.1 °C / 52 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.4 °C / −2.9 °F |
| 1950 | Nanaimo, British Columbia | 10.2 °C / 50.4 °F | Isachsen, Nunavut | −19.8 °C / −3.6 °F |
| 1949 | Chatham, Ontario | 11.2 °C / 52.2 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.6 °C / −3.3 °F |
| 1948 | Nanaimo, British Columbia | 10.4 °C / 50.7 °F | Eureka, Nunavut | −19.9 °C / −3.8 °F |
Occurrences by province
| Province/Territory | Extreme warmest year occurrences | Extreme coldest year occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| British Columbia | 57 | 0 |
| Northwest Territories | 0 | 1 |
| Nunavut | 0 | 71 |
| Ontario | 15 | 0 |
Extreme warmest year occurrences by location
| City | Province | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| Halfmoon Bay | BC | 13 |
| Vancouver | BC | 9 |
| Windsor | ON | 8 |
| Chilliwack | BC | 7 |
| Victoria | BC | 6 |
| Nanaimo | BC | 4 |
| Chatham | ON | 4 |
| Pelee | ON | 3 |
| Saturna Island | BC | 3 |
| Qualicum Beach | BC | 2 |
| Lytton | BC | 2 |
| Port Coquitlam | BC | 2 |
Extreme coldest year occurrences by location
| City | Territory | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| Eureka | NU | 63 |
| Isachsen | NU | 5 |
| Resolute | NU | 2 |
| Alert | NU | 1 |
| Mould Bay | NT | 1 |
References
- Environment Canada. "Daily Data Report for January 1925 Chipman NB". climate.weather.gc.ca. Environment Canada. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- Weather records Statistics Canada. Accessed 2009-02-10. Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- "Daily Observation Data: St Albans Manitoba". Canada's National Climate Archive. Archived from the original on 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
- "Daily Data". Climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. 2013-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- "Climate". Climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. 2015-09-22. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
- "Manitoba heat sets 14 records - Manitoba - CBC News". Cbc.ca. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- "Daily Observation Data: Bassano Dam Alberta". Canada's National Climate Archive. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
- "Daily Data". Climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. 2013-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- "The Canadian Encyclopedia". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- "Daily Data". Climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. 2013-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- "Daily Data report for July 1939". Environment Canada. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
- "Daily Data report for July 1941". Environment Canada. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
- "Saskatoon". Climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. 2015-09-22. Retrieved 2016-06-05.
- "The worst heat wave in Toronto history". CityNews Toronto. 2007-08-02. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
- "Daily Data". Climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. 2015-09-22. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
- http://forums.castanet.net/download/file.php?id=13211&mode=view
- "Historical Data". Environment Canada. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
- Geert Jan van Oldenborgh @ KNMI
- "Climate Data Almanac for January 13". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- "Climate Data Almanac for January 01". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- "Almanac Averages and Extremes". Climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca. 2013-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- http://climate.weather.gc.ca/prods_servs/cdn_climate_summary_e.html
- 3. Book of Lists, Scholastic Canada, 2005, Pages 80 and 81
External links
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