List of critically endangered plants

As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 2493 critically endangered plant species, including 145 which are tagged as possibly extinct or possibly extinct in the wild.[1][2] 11% of all evaluated plant species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 89 subspecies and 70 varieties as critically endangered.

37 extinct in the wild plant species (0.16%)2493 critically endangered plant species (11%)3654 endangered plant species (17%)1851 near threatened plant species (8.5%)6645 least concern plant species (31%)1674 data deficient plant species (7.7%)

Plant species (IUCN, 2016-2)
  • 21,782 extant species have been evaluated
  • 20,108 of those are fully assessed[lower-alpha 1]
  • 8496 are not threatened at present[lower-alpha 2]
  • 11,577 to 13,251 are threatened[lower-alpha 3]
  • 151 to 296 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
    • 116 extinct (EX) species[lower-alpha 4]
    • 35 extinct in the wild (EW)
    • 132 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
    • 13 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]
  1. excludes data deficient evaluations.
  2. NT, LR/cd, LC.
  3. Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
  4. Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Critically Endangered (CR) species face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

Additionally 1674 plant species (7.6% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[3] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[4]

This is a complete list of critically endangered plant species, subspecies and varieties evaluated by the IUCN. Species considered possibly extinct by the IUCN are marked as such.

Algae
  • Galaxaura barbata (possibly extinct)
  • Gracilaria skottsbergii
  • Laurencia oppositocladia
  • Myriogramme kylinii
  • Phycodrina elegans (possibly extinct)
  • Schizymenia ecuadoreana

Bryophytes

There are 23 bryophyte species assessed as critically endangered.

Mosses

Liverworts

Pteridophytes

There are 67 species and three varieties of pteridophyte assessed as critically endangered.

Leptosporangiate ferns

There are 54 species and three varieties in the class Polypodiopsida assessed as critically endangered.

Polypodiales

There are 49 species and three varieties in the order Polypodiales assessed as critically endangered.

Aspleniaceae
Dryopteridaceae

Species

  • Ctenitis pallatangana (possibly extinct)
  • Ctenitis squamigera, Pacific lacefern
  • Dryopteris cognata, Large kidney fern
  • Elaphoglossum actinolepis
  • Elaphoglossum angamarcanum
  • Elaphoglossum bonapartii
  • Elaphoglossum chodatii
  • Elaphoglossum christii
  • Elaphoglossum cladotrichium
  • Elaphoglossum corazonense
  • Elaphoglossum dimorphum, Toothed tongue-fern
  • Elaphoglossum gossypinum
  • Elaphoglossum gracilipes (possibly extinct)
  • Elaphoglossum jamesonii
  • Elaphoglossum longissimum
  • Elaphoglossum nervosum, Veined tongue-fern
  • Elaphoglossum pellucidum
  • Elaphoglossum polytrichum (possibly extinct)
  • Elaphoglossum pteropodum
  • Elaphoglossum sodiroi
  • Elaphoglossum sprucei
  • Elaphoglossum trichophorum
  • Lastreopsis subrecedens
  • Polystichum drepanum, Madeira shield-fern

Varieties

  • Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus
  • Dryopteris glabra var. flynnii
  • Dryopteris glabra var. pusilla
Polypodiaceae
Other Polypodiales species

Hymenophyllales

Salviniales
  • Marsilea fadeniana

Isoetopsida
  • Isoetes dispora
  • Isoetes heldreichii, Pindus quillwort (possibly extinct)
  • Isoetes hewitsonii
  • Isoetes malinverniana, Piedmont quillwort
  • Isoetes nigroreticulata
  • Isoetes olympica, Olympic quillwort
  • Isoetes sinensis (possibly extinct)
  • Isoetes stephansenii
  • Isoetes taiwanensis
  • Isoetes wormaldii

Other pteridophyte species

Gymnosperms

There are 81 species, five subspecies, and 13 varieties of gymnosperm assessed as critically endangered.

Cycads

Species

Subspecies

  • Cycas szechuanensis subsp. fairylakea
  • Cycas szechuanensis subsp. szechuanensis
  • Encephalartos tegulaneus subsp. powysii

Conifers

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

  • Amentotaxus argotaenia var. brevifolia
  • Cupressus arizonica var. montana, San Pedro cypress
  • Cupressus arizonica var. stephensonii, Cuyamaca cypress
  • Cupressus chengiana var. jiangeensis
  • Cupressus dupreziana var. atlantica, Atlas cypress
  • Cupressus dupreziana var. dupreziana
  • Cupressus goveniana var. abramsiana
  • Juniperus barbadensis var. barbadensis, Barbados cedar
  • Juniperus deppeana var. sperryi
  • Juniperus gracilior var. ekmanii
  • Picea asperata var. ponderosa
  • Pinus massoniana var. hainanensis
  • Podocarpus sellowii var. angustifolius

Dicotyledons

There are 1895 species, 78 subspecies, and 49 varieties of dicotyledon assessed as critically endangered.

Piperaceae

Species

Varieties

  • Piper amalago var. variifolium

Campanulales

There are 62 species and 12 subspecies in Campanulales assessed as critically endangered.

Campanulaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Clermontia oblongifolia subsp. brevipes, Oahu clermontia
  • Clermontia oblongifolia subsp. mauiensis
  • Clermontia peleana subsp. peleana
  • Clermontia peleana subsp. singuliflora
  • Clermontia samuelii subsp. hanaensis
  • Clermontia samuelii subsp. samuelii
  • Cyanea grimesiana subsp. grimesiana
  • Cyanea grimesiana subsp. obatae
  • Cyanea hamatiflora subsp. carlsonii
  • Cyanea hamatiflora subsp. hamatiflora
  • Cyanea lobata subsp. baldwinii
  • Cyanea lobata subsp. lobata

Goodeniaceae

Aristolochiales

Theales

There are 295 species and 23 subspecies in Theales assessed as critically endangered.

Dipterocarpaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Anisoptera thurifera subsp. thurifera
  • Dipterocarpus caudatus subsp. caudatus
  • Dipterocarpus conformis subsp. conformis
  • Hopea andersonii subsp. basalticola
  • Hopea jucunda subsp. jucunda
  • Hopea jucunda subsp. modesta
  • Shorea assamica subsp. assamica
  • Shorea assamica subsp. globifera
  • Shorea assamica subsp. koordersii
  • Shorea assamica subsp. philippinensis
  • Shorea falciferoides subsp. falciferoides
  • Shorea falciferoides subsp. glaucescens
  • Shorea hemsleyana subsp. grandiflora
  • Shorea hemsleyana subsp. hemsleyana
  • Shorea macroptera subsp. macroptera
  • Shorea macroptera subsp. sandakanensis
  • Shorea ovalis subsp. sarawakensis
  • Shorea ovalis subsp. sericea
  • Shorea singkawang subsp. scabrosa
  • Vatica javanica subsp. javanica
  • Vatica javanica subsp. scaphifolia
  • Vatica oblongifolia subsp. crassilobata
  • Vatica oblongifolia subsp. elliptifolia

Theaceae

Guttiferae

Other Theales species

Malvales

Species

Subspecies

  • Elaeocarpus submonoceras subsp. oliganthus
  • Hibiscus waimeae subsp. hannerae

Varieties

  • Bombax insigne var. polystemon

Geraniales

Lecythidales

Species

Subspecies

  • Eschweilera piresii subsp. viridipetala

Polygalales

Species

Subspecies

  • Byrsonima nemoralis subsp. dressleri

Santalales

Species

Varieties

  • Santalum insulare var. margaretae
  • Santalum insulare var. raivavense

Proteales

Species

Subspecies

  • Elaeagnus conferta subsp. dendroidea

Dipsacales

Plumbaginales
  • Armeria berlengensis
  • Armeria helodes
  • Limonium calabrum
  • Limonium dendroides
  • Limonium sibthorpianum
  • Limonium spectabile
  • Limonium sventenii

Rubiales

Species

Subspecies

  • Ixora scheffleri subsp. keniensis
  • Kadua cordata subsp. remyi
  • Kadua degeneri subsp. coprosmifolia
  • Kadua degeneri subsp. degeneri

Varieties

  • Chassalia coriacea var. johnstonii
  • Coprosma rapensis var. benefica, Red berry

Violales

Species

Subspecies

  • Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis
  • Viola chamissoniana subsp. chamissoniana

Euphorbiales

There are 74 species, two subspecies, and ten varieties in Euphorbiales assessed as critically endangered.

Peraceae
  • Chaetocarpus pubescens

Buxaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Euphorbia cylindrifolia subsp. tuberifera
  • Euphorbia stenoclada subsp. ambatofinandranae

Varieties

  • Drypetes usambarica var. rugulosa
  • Euphorbia decaryi var. robinsonii
  • Euphorbia francoisii var. francoisii
  • Euphorbia greenwayi var. greenwayi
  • Euphorbia lophogona var. tenuicaulis
  • Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis
  • Euphorbia remyi var. remyi
  • Phyllanthus aeneus var. papillosus
  • Sebastiania lesteri var. glabrata
  • Sebastiania lesteri var. lesteri

Laurales

There are 40 species in the order Laurales assessed as critically endangered.

Monimiaceae

Hernandiaceae

Lauraceae

Cucurbitales

Species

Subspecies

  • Begonia quadrialata subsp. dusenii

Ebenales

There are 45 species in Ebenales assessed as critically endangered.

Symplocaceae

Sapotaceae

Ebenaceae
  • Diospyros angulata
  • Diospyros benstonei
  • Diospyros chrysophyllos
  • Diospyros egrettarum
  • Diospyros hemiteles
  • Diospyros katendei (possibly extinct)
  • Diospyros lolinopsis
  • Diospyros molissima
  • Diospyros moonii
  • Diospyros mun
  • Diospyros nodosa
  • Diospyros rheophytica
  • Diospyros vaccinioides, Small persimmon
  • Diospyros veillonii

Styracaceae

Celastrales

There are 29 species and two subspecies in the order Celastrales assessed as critically endangered.

Icacinaceae

Hollies

Species

Subspecies

  • Ilex perado subsp. iberica
  • Ilex perado subsp. lopezlilloi

Celastraceae

Dichapetalaceae
  • Dichapetalum korupinum
  • Dichapetalum letouzeyi

Myrtales

There are 97 species and five varieties in the order Myrtales assessed as critically endangered.

Myrtaceae

Species

Varieties

  • Eugenia harrisii var. grandifolia
  • Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. atropurpureum

Melastomataceae

Combretaceae

Species

  • Combretum tenuipetiolatum

Varieties

  • Terminalia eriostachya var. margaretiae, Black mastic
  • Terminalia glabrata var. glabrata
  • Terminalia glabrata var. koariki

Thymelaeaceae

Water caltrops
  • Trapa colchica, Colchis water-chestnut

Lythraceae

Onagraceae
  • Epilobium numidicum

Sapindales

There are 70 species, three subspecies, and five varieties in the order Sapindales assessed as critically endangered.

Rutaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Pilocarpus goudotianus subsp. heterochromus

Varieties

  • Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum

Aceraceae

Species

Varieties

  • Acer buergerianum var. formosanum, Taiwan trident maple
  • Acer oblongum var. membranaceum

Sapindaceae

Species

Varieties

  • Alectryon macrococcus var. auwahiensis
  • Alectryon macrococcus var. macrococcus

Zygophyllaceae
  • Tribulus rajasthanensis
  • Zygophyllum bucharicum
  • Zygophyllum darvasicum

Anacardiaceae

Meliaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Trichilia trifolia subsp. pteleaefolia
  • Turraea mombassana subsp. schliebenii

Burseraceae

Asterales

Species

Subspecies

  • Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. sandwicense, Mauna Kea silversword
  • Bidens campylotheca subsp. pentamera
  • Bidens campylotheca subsp. waihoiensis
  • Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla
  • Dubautia plantaginea subsp. humilis
  • Dubautia plantaginea subsp. magnifolia
  • Fitchia cuneata subsp. cuneata
  • Melanthera micrantha subsp. exigua
  • Melanthera micrantha subsp. micrantha

Varieties

  • Bidens hendersonensis var. oenoensis
  • Pectis caymanensis var. robusta
  • Scalesia atractyloides var. atractyloides
  • Scalesia atractyloides var. darwinii
  • Tetramolopium rockii var. calcisabulorum

Magnoliales

There are 63 species and three subspecies in the order Magnoliales assessed as critically endangered.

Canellaceae

Magnoliaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Magnolia cubensis subsp. acunae
  • Magnolia virginiana subsp. oviedoae

Annonaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Artabotrys modestus subsp. modestus

Myristicaceae

Capparales

There are 30 species and one variety in Capparales assessed as critically endangered.

Capparaceae

Cruciferae

Species

Varieties

Apiales

There are 51 species and two varieties in the order Apiales assessed as critically endangered.

Araliaceae

Species

Varieties

  • Polyscias sechellarum var. contracta
  • Polyscias sechellarum var. curiosae

Umbelliferae

Gentianales

There are 41 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Gentianales assessed as critically endangered.

Apocynaceae

Loganiaceae

Species

Varieties

  • Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis

Asclepiadaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Ceropegia decidua subsp. pretoriensis
  • Pentarrhinum abyssinicum subsp. ijimense

Gentianaceae

Rosales

There are 48 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Rosales assessed as critically endangered.

Chrysobalanaceae

Rosaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Alchemilla fischeri subsp. camerunensis
  • Polylepis tomentella subsp. nana

Other Rosales

Species

Varieties

  • Geissois ternata var. serrata

Primulales

There are 28 species and one variety in Primulales assessed as critically endangered.

Myrsinaceae

Theophrastaceae

Species

  • Clavija parvula

Varieties

  • Jacquinia macrantha var. clarendonensis

Primulaceae

Rhamnales

Species

Varieties

  • Cayratia pedata var. glabra

Urticales

Species

Varieties

  • Neraudia angulata var. angulata
  • Neraudia angulata var. dentata

Solanales

Species

Varieties

  • Ipomoea prismatosyphon var. trifida

Scrophulariales

There are 75 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Scrophulariales assessed as critically endangered.

Oleaceae

Gesneriaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Saintpaulia ionantha subsp. grandifolia
  • Saintpaulia ionantha subsp. rupicola

Varieties

  • Gesneria scabra var. fawcettii

Bignoniaceae

Acanthaceae

Scrophulariaceae
  • Agalinis kingsii
  • Antirrhinum charidemi
  • Isoplexis chalcantha
  • Odontites granatensis
  • Paulownia kawakamii
  • Scrophularia capillaris, Capillary figwort
  • Verbascum decursivum, Decurrent mullein
  • Verbascum transcaucasicum, Transcaucasian speedwell
  • Veronica allahuekberensis, Allahuekberian speedwell
  • Veronica oetaea

Other Scrophulariales species

Lamiales

There are 64 species and three varieties in the order Lamiales assessed as critically endangered.

Verbenaceae

Labiatae

Species

Varieties

  • Phyllostegia parviflora var. glabriuscula
  • Phyllostegia parviflora var. lydgatei
  • Phyllostegia parviflora var. parviflora

Boraginaceae

Nepenthales

Species

Subspecies

  • Sarracenia rubra subsp. alabamensis

Ranunculales

Species

Varieties

  • Cissampelos nigrescens var. cardiophylla

Polygonales
  • Calligonum calcareum
  • Calligonum triste
  • Coccoloba cholutecensis
  • Coccoloba lindaviana
  • Coccoloba retirensis
  • Polygonum caspicum, Caspian knotweed
  • Polygonum toktogulicum
  • Rumex tunetanus

Podostemales
  • Apinagia peruviana
  • Devillea flagelliformis (possibly extinct)
  • Dicraeanthus zehnderi
  • Ledermanniella batangensis
  • Ledermanniella keayi
  • Ledermanniella sanagaensis
  • Saxicolella marginalis
  • Terniopsis ubonensis
  • Winklerella dichotoma
  • Zehnderia microgyna

Fabales

Species

Subspecies

  • Astragalus macrocarpus subsp. lefkarensis, Lefkara milk-vetch

Varieties

  • Humboldtia unijuga var. trijuga

Caryophyllales

There are 145 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Caryophyllales assessed as critically endangered.

Caryophyllaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Moehringia intricata subsp. tejedensis

Cactus

Species

Subspecies

  • Ariocarpus bravoanus subsp. bravoanus

Other Caryophyllales

Species

Varieties

  • Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata

Fagales

Species

Subspecies

  • Betula lenta subsp. uber, Virginia round-leaf birch
  • Betula procurva subsp. schugnanica

Other dicotyledons

Species

Varieties

  • Rhododendron protistum var. giganteum

Monocotyledons

There are 421 species, six subspecies, and five varieties of monocotyledon assessed as critically endangered.

Arecales

Species

Varieties

  • Dictyosperma album var. album
  • Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum, Hurricane palm
  • Roystonea regia var. hondurensis

Orchidales

There are 167 species and one subspecies in Orchidales assessed as critically endangered.

Orchidaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Cynorkis buchwaldiana subsp. buchwaldiana

Burmanniaceae

Pandanales

Bromeliales

Liliales

Species

Subspecies

  • Narcissus nevadensis subsp. enemeritoi

Araceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Arisaema heterocephalum subsp. okinawaense

Zingiberales

Eriocaulales

Commelinales
  • Commelina mwatayamvoana
  • Xyris andina
  • Xyris diaphanobracteata
  • Xyris exigua
  • Xyris ramboi

Cyperales

There are 37 species, two subspecies, and two varieties in Cyperales assessed as critically endangered.

Gramineae

Species

Subspecies

  • Puccinellia distans subsp. embergeri
  • Puccinellia distans subsp. font-queri

Varieties

  • Cenchrus agrimonioides var. agrimonioides

Cyperaceae

Species

Varieties

  • Cyperus pennatiformis var. bryanii

Other monocotyledons

Species

Subspecies

  • Najas marina subsp. arsenariensis

See also

References
  1. "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  2. "Table 9: Possibly Extinct and Possibly Extinct in the Wild Species (IUCN Red List version 2016-2)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  3. "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  4. "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  5. Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus torreyana subsp. torreyana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T34015A2840365. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34015A2840365.en. Retrieved 27 September 2020.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.