List of animated series with LGBTQ characters: 1995–1999

From 1995 to 1999, the number of animated series with LGBTQ characters dramatically increased the number of series which featured such characters during the earlier part of the decade, from 1990 to 1994. While the majority of the animated series were anime such as Dirty Pair Flash: Mission II, El-Hazard: The Wanderers, Fushigi Yûgi, Gunsmith Cats, Cardcaptor Sakura they also appeared in Western animations. This included Crapston Villas, South Park, King of the Hill, Family Guy, and Hey Arnold!, the latter confirmed many years later. However, during this time period, one animated series would influential on LGBTQ characters for years to come: Revolutionary Girl Utena. It would impact a Marylander named Rebecca Sugar, then only a cartoonist, who would later create Steven Universe, with the series sticking with her over the years.[1] This queer anime,[2] was groundbreaking for its time, in part because of the lesbian relationship between two of the story's protagonists: Utena Tenjou and Anthy Himemiya.[3][4]

Cosplayers of Anthy Himemiya and Utena Tenjou, two bisexual characters who love each other in Revolutionary Girl Utena

This list only includes recurring characters, otherwise known as supporting characters, which appear frequently from time to time during the series' run, often playing major roles in more than one episode, and those in the main cast are listed below. LGBTQ characters which are guest stars or one-off characters are listed on the pages focusing exclusively on gay (in animation and anime), lesbian (in animation and anime), bisexual (in animation and anime), trans, pansexual, asexual, non-binary, and intersex characters.

For a further understanding of how these LGBTQ characters fit into the overall history of animation, see the History of LGBTQ characters in animated series: 1990s page.

The entries on this page are organized alphanumerically by duration dates.

1995

Duration	Show title	Character debut date	Characters	Identity	Notes	Country
1995	Dirty Pair Flash: Mission II	June 1, 1995	Leena	Lesbian	Leena had caught the eye of Touma when he and Yuri were caught on one of the planet's planned rainy days, as shown in episodes such as "Tokyo Holiday Network." From the time he set eyes on her, Touma was smitten with her. However, for all the planning he made to woo her, there was one fact he didn't calculate on... Leena was a lesbian who had her eyes on Yuri, who seems to have feelings for Kei.[5]	Japan
1995–1996	El-Hazard: The Wanderers	October 21, 1995	Alielle Relryle	Lesbian	Alielle is presented as a comical character who makes other women uncomfortable because of her open attraction to them,[6] in episodes such as "The World of Thunder." She has been described as a "midget flaming lesbian" who sees Princess Fatora Venus as her the "only object" of her affection as shown in episodes like "The World of Mindless Adventures."[7] Early on in the series she tries to have sex with Makoto Mizuhara thinking he is Fatora when he is actually crossdressing as Fatora, shown in "The World of Beautiful Girls" for example. In the show's second episode, she serves as the guide to Makoto and Masamichi Fujisawa to meet the three priestesses of Mount Muldoon. She is also attracted to one of the priestesses on the mountain, Shayla-Shayla, as shown in episodes like "The World of Hot Springs."
	Fushigi Yûgi	April 20, 1995	Nuriko	Bisexual	Nuriko initially dresses and acts as a woman named Kang-lin,[8] one of Hotohori's concubines because Kang-lin was his twin sister who died and he wanted to keep her memory alive as shown in the episode, "The Seven Stars of Suzaku."[9] He enjoys cross-dressing, as indicates in the episode "Even If I Die...," and is in love with Hotohori, but later also grows to love the main heroine Miaka as indicated in the episode "Brief Parting."[10]
		December 14, 1995	Tomo	Gay	Tomo is one of the celestial warriors of Seiryuu and fights only for the sake of his love, Nakago, as shown in episodes like "Bewitched Warmth."[11]
	Gunsmith Cats	November 1, 1995	Irene "Rally" Vincent	Lesbian	She operates the titular "Gunsmith Cats" gun shop in Chicago and works as a bounty hunter, assisted in both activities by her housemate, former prostitute "Minnie" May Hopkins as shown in the episodes "Neutral Zone" and "High Speed Edge."[12][13] Rally is an expert combat shooter and marksman with just about every firearm in existence and May is an explosives expert, knowing the inner workings of and many uses of all manner of explosive devices. May often teases Rally, who is also friendly with Becky Farrah, the latter giving her information on about the Chicago Underworld, noted in the episode "Swing High![14]
1995–1997	Crapston Villas	December 12, 1997	Robbie Larry	Gay	The series was one of the first animated series on British television to present openly gay characters.[15][16]	United Kingdom

1996

Duration	Show title	Character debut date	Characters	Identity	Notes	Country
1996–1997	You're Under Arrest	November 12, 1996	Aoi Futaba	Trans woman	Aoi Futaba was initially male but once had to go undercover as a woman in a sting operation to catch some male molesters targeting women as shown in the episode "The Beauty, His Name is Aoi." However, she went "native" and has since considered herself and has been treated by her colleagues as a trans woman.[17] Though her romantic preferences are made unclear, she seems to prefer men, as shown in episodes like "Aoi-chan has a White Rose."	Japan
1996–1998	Rurouni Kenshin	June 18, 1997	Honjō Kamatari	Gay	A crossdresser and member of the Juppongatana, they are gay and are in love with Shishio Makoto as shown in the episode "To Make a Miracle: The Battle at the Aoiya." They tend to dress as a woman but know they will never be as loved like the female Yumi or Shishio's right-hand man since Sojiro is far more skilled.[18]
1996–2004	Hey Arnold!	October 7, 1996	Eugene Horowitz	Gay	On July 26, 2016, the show's creator Craig Bartlett stated that Eugene "is kind of 'proto-gay', so he's uncomfortable getting close to any girl" during an interview with BuzzFeed, though this was never explicitly stated during the show. Bartlett stated: "We always figured Eugene was kind of proto-gay. He's not gay yet, he just will be. He loves musical theater, and he's a wonderful guy."[19] This was never explicitly disclosed in the series.	United States
		September 22, 1997	Mr. Robert Simmons	Gay	On July 26, 2016, the show's creator Craig Bartlett confirmed that Mr. Simmons was indeed gay during an interview with BuzzFeed.[19] Several episodes throughout the series hinted at Mr. Simmons' sexuality, including "Arnold's Thanksgiving", a Thanksgiving-themed episode which implies that one of his dinner guests is his boyfriend, and that Simmons' mother wants him to date a female friend. However, it was never explicitly stated he was gay.
1996–present	Arthur	October 7, 1996	Nigel Ratburn	Gay	Mr. Ratburn, and another man, Patrick, get married in the season 22 premiere, which aired on May 13, 2019.[20] As a result, he and his husband are the first LGBT characters in the series.[21][22]

1997

Duration	Show title	Character debut date	Characters	Identity	Notes	Country
1997	El Hazard: The Magnificent World 2	May 25, 1997	Fatora Venus	Lesbian	An apparently open lesbian, 23-year-old Fatora is much like her primary lover Alielle in that she has an overdeveloped sex drive and little concern for the concept of "faithfulness" or even "disinterested", indicated in episodes like "The World of Mindless Adventures."[23][24] While it is implied that she has had many other "once-off" lovers in the past, and is attracted to Kalia when she first appears in the episode "The Awakening of Kalia," she is fixated on Shayla-Shayla and Nanami Jinnai, trying to lure them into sharing her bed. In the episode "The Bride of Roshtari," the manages to fool Shayla-Shayla sufficiently that she manages to kiss her, naturally prompting a fiery explosion of fury when the priestess realizes who just claimed her first kiss.[lower-alpha 1] Fatora also has a crush on Gilda of the emperor's guards.[25]	Japan
	Maze	1997	Maze	Genderqueer	Maze is the combination of two personalities, Mei Ikagura and Akira Ikagura, two siblings who are in love with each other.[26]
	Revolutionary Girl Utena	April 2, 1997	Anthy Himemiya Utena Tenjou	Bisexual	The two series protagonists, Utena Tenjou and Anthy Himemiya, were confirmed to be in love by director Kunihiko Ikuhara.[27][28] The characters are seen kissing both in the TV show credits and the movie. Utena is also in love with Akio Ohtori as shown in episodes like "The Barefoot Girl." At the beginning of the series, Anthy is engaged to an abusive man named Kyouichi Saionji, who she does not resist, acting as a puppet to obey the current dueling champion. She is surprised when Utena manages to defeat Saionji, referring to him as a "classmate" after his defeat, as shown in episodes like "The Rose Bride." Later on, it is revealed that Akio has been sexually assaulting Anthy.[29] This differs from the manga where Anthy has a consensual relationship with Akio and a romantic relationship with Utena.
			Juri Arisugawa	Lesbian	Juri is explicitly in love with her female classmate, Shiori, in both the TV series and movie. She is described as "homosexual" by the creators in the DVD booklet.[30] The commentary in the booklet indicated that Shiori also had feelings for her, but was too troubled and insecure to act on them in a healthy way.[31]
		July 2, 1997	Akio Ohtori Touga Kiryuu	Bisexual	Akio Ohtori and Touga Kiryuu were shown in bed together, and Miki described Akio as "seducing" Touga as indicated in the episode "Miki's Nest Box (The Sunlit Garden-Arranged)." Akio and Touga are playboys with a number of female conquests,[32] with Akio's conquests include Utena and Kozue,[33] while Anthy was formerly Touga's girlfriend before Utena came along,[34] which is even shown in the movie.[35]
		July 9, 1997	Kozue Kaoru		Kozue Kaoru is obsessively in love with her twin brother, Miki.[36] In one episode, "The Landscape Framed by Kozue," she was shown kissing Anthy.
		July 23, 1997	Shiori Takatsuki		Childhood friend of Juri Arisugawa who returns to Ohtori Academy. She idolized Juri in the past, but this caused her to question their friendship and she eventually became paranoid as indicated in the episode "Thorns of Death." When she finds out that Juri had feelings for her, she acts cruel but has been aware of these feelings toward her for a long period.[37] Even so, she cares enough about Juri to apologize to her, in the episode "Azure Paler Than the Sky," although it is not clear if Juri returns her feelings. In the movie, Shiori sleeps with Touga Kiryuu.
	Variable Geo	January 29, 1997	Ayako Yuuki	Lesbian	Also known as Yūki Ayako, she is the series' sole lesbian character, among those with "lesbian tendencies" as one reviewer pointed out.[38] In the game, while in the V.G. tournament hoping to win and give the prize money to charity, she meets and becomes infatuated with Satomi Yajima, a fellow fighter who has no interest in pursuing a romantic relationship with another woman.[39] In the anime, she is approached by Satomi, who challenges her to a fight as shown in episodes like "Strengthening Of The Goddesses." Ayako accepts, hoping that Satomi will entertain her. At first, Ayako seems to have the advantage, confusing Satomi with her swift, graceful movements. She uses her fan's hidden blade to cut away at Satomi's clothing, then plants a kiss on her cheek when the other girl attempts to close in on her. She remarks on Satomi's beautiful skin, and invites her to "lose and show her the rest".
1997–present	South Park	August 13, 1997	Liane Cartman	Bisexual	In the early seasons, Liane was very sexually active and regularly pursued this activity. She also had no issue with having sexual relations with complete strangers, usually inviting them to the home as frequent visitors. This desire was not strictly for men, for it is hinted in one episode, "Cartman's Mom is Still a Dirty Slut" that she had intercourse with Ms. Crabtree, Mayor McDaniels, and Sheila Broflovski.[40]	United States
			Herbert Garrison (formerly Janet Garrison)	Lesbian trans woman Gay	Originally presented as a closeted homosexual, the storylines have featured Garrison coming out as a gay man, then having a gender reassignment surgery to become female (known as Janet Garrison), becoming a lesbian, and then changing back to a man.[41] It is shown he still has feelings for his ex-boyfriend, Mr. Slave as shown in the episode "Follow That Egg!"
		September 3, 1997	Big Gay Al	Gay	He is a stereotypical homosexual man known for his flamboyant and positive demeanor introduced in the episode "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride."[42] Big Gay Al openly displays his homosexuality and is an advocate for gay rights. He is Mr. Garrison's ex-boyfriend, and is married to Mr. Slave as shown in the episode "Follow That Egg!"[43]
		December 17, 1997	Craig Tucker Tweek Tweak		Craig and Tweek are seen frequently throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first seasons holding hands and hanging out with each other, shown in episodes such as "Tweek x Craig" and "Put It Down. It is confirmed by the official website and blog that they are in a relationship, and that they became an official couple in the episode "Tweek X Craig."[44][45] Craig also had an unnamed girlfriend before he realized he was gay, and dumped her.[44]
		February 11, 1998	Ms. Ellen	Lesbian	In one episode, "Tom's Rhinoplasty," Chef reveals that the new teacher Ms. Ellen, voiced by Natasha Henstridge, is lesbian.[46][47] Some of her male students are attracted to her and don't understand what lesbians are, and try to "become lesbians" too, to get her attention.
		April 1, 1998	Saddam Hussein Satan	Gay	Within the South Park series and film Saddam Hussein and Satan are presented as a gay couple.[48]
		May 27, 1998	Stephen Stotch	Bisexual	Despite being married to Linda, Butters' father Stephen Stotch is revealed to be a regular customer at the local gay theater & bath house as shown in "Butters' Very Own Episode," and claiming to Linda that he only did so out of curiosity, Stephen promises to suppress any future homosexual urges.[49] However, some episodes, like "Insecurity," show him pursuing these acts in secret.
		November 20, 2002	Mr. Slave	Gay	Mr. Slave was Mrs. Garrison's boyfriend until she made the transition into a female in the episode "Mr. Garrison's Fancy New Vagina."[50] He is now married to Big Gay Al, as of the episode, "Follow That Egg."
1997–1998	Battle Athletes	1997	Akari Kanzaki Ichino Yanigida	Lesbian	Ichino Yanigida has feelings for Akari Kanzaki, a sweet, cute character,[51] and it is implied she returns them.	Japan
			Kris Christopher		Kris Christopher falls in love with Akari at first sight and is love rivals with Ichino.[52]
1997–2006	Space Goofs	1997	Candy Caramilla	Transgender	Candy is the uptight homosexual neat freak. They get in touch with their feminine side by sometimes disguising themselves as a woman as shown in episodes like "Heavy Metal Madness" and "Back to School blues." In many situations, Candy is the first to worry, as shown in the episode "Snoutra." Candy flirts with men and is implied to be transgender.[53] This implication is confirmed by the game, "Stupid Invaders" with Candy planning a gender reassignment surgery with the best specialist in the universe.	France
1997–2010	King of the Hill	April 28, 2002	Bug Gribble Juan Pedro	Gay	In one of the episodes, "My Own Private Rodeo," Dale's father, Bug has come out and participates in the gay rodeo circuit. Bug is married to Juan Pedro.[54]	United States

1998

Duration	Show title	Character debut date	Characters	Identity	Notes	Country
1998	Outlaw Star	February 12, 1998	Fred Luo	Gay	Fred is a 20-year-old camp weapons merchant who is known to be flamboyant and openly gay,[55] as first shown in the episode "The Beautiful Assassin." He has a strong infatuation for the series' main protagonist, Gene Starwind, whom he supplies arms to. Some criticized the character as representing harmful gay stereotypes.[56]	Japan
1998–1999	Devil Lady	October 11, 1998	Jun Fudo Kazumi Takiura	Lesbian	As the series progresses, the relationship between Kazumi and Jun gradually progresses into an almost romantic one.[57] Most notably in the last episode, titled "Man," where Jun decides to forge her soul with the force from the Demons, which Kazumi also lets her absorb her in order to help in the final battle with Asuka.
	Sorcerous Stabber Orphen	February 27, 1999	Stephanie	Trans woman	Stephanie, also known as Steph, was Orphen's old partner and initially a man but was severely injured and while using the rest of his magic to cast a healing spell, made some "modifications", and became the trans woman Stephanie, as shown in the episode "Snake in the Temple."[58] She falls in love with and marries her boyfriend the florist Tim but continues to help Orphen and his friends,[59] although she later becomes their foe.[60]
1998–2000	Cardcaptor Sakura	April 7, 1998	Tomoyo Daidouji	Lesbian	Tomoyo is in love with the protagonist of the show, Sakura, even loving what she wears.[61] Unfortunately for Tomoyo, Sakura does not return her feelings, even though she does help her find her voice.[62] At some point, Tomoyo confesses her love to Sakura, but Sakura misunderstands her, thinking she means "love" as a best friend,[63] and Tomoyo says that she will explain when Sakura is older. Some scholars have argued that based on Tomoyo's romantic attractions she is asexual.[64]
			Sakura Kinomoto	Pansexual	The creators have stated that Sakura, the protagonist of this anime who has a "desire to befriend everyone she meets,"[65] does not see gender as barrier for her romantic attraction,[66] with some describing her as bisexual.[67] She doesn't have romantic feelings for Tomoyo in particular and she confesses she has a crush on a female teacher, as shown in the episodes "Sakura and the Wonderful Teacher" and "Sakura and the Shrine of Memories," with the dubbed version of the anime removing many of these themes.[68][69]
			Touya Kinomoto Yukito Tsukishiro	Bisexual Gay	The creators have confirmed that Yukito and Touya (both male) are a couple, which are stated to be in love within the series itself,[70] with Yukito rejecting Sakura's feelings because he is in love with Touya.[71] Before meeting Yukito, Touya dated Kaho Mizuki when she was his junior high school teacher, and she broke up with him when she left to study in England.[72] Some even argued that Touya was either bisexual or pansexual.[73]
		May 26, 1998	Syaoran Li	Bisexual	Syaoran and Sakura, the story's protagonist, have feelings for each other, but do not admit them, only engaging in an stilted and accurate "Japanese love confession thing where nobody actually says the word ‘love’" and they say how they admire each other.[74] They eventually leave each other, as Li takes off to another country, leaving with only a smile. Some have argued that Syaoran is bisexual based on his sexual attractions, such as his attraction to Yukito.[75]
		September 7, 1999	Ruby Moon	Intersex	Ruby Moon has no biological sex.[76] They are always seen presenting as female, even though Spinel Sun often asks them why don't they present as male for a change as shown in episodes like "Sakura and the Mysterious Transfer Student." At some points, Ruby Moon states that their gender does not matter because they are not actually human and also that girls have cuter clothes.

1999

Duration	Show title	Character debut date	Characters	Identity	Notes	Country
1999–2002	Mission Hill	June 25, 2000	Gus Duncz Wally Langford	Gay	Gus and Wally are an elderly gay couple in their late 60s as shown in the episode "Andy and Kevin Make a Friend (or One Bang for Two Brothers)."[77]	United States
1999–present	Family Guy	January 31, 1999	Meg Griffin	Bisexual	Throughout the series, Meg has shown romantic interest in and dated several men. However, there have been several instances, in episodes like "Stew-Roids" and "Dial Meg for Murder" in which she has shown hints of being bisexual or a lesbian.[78] In November 2016, when asked about further development on the characters Chris and Meg, Alec Sulkin confirmed that there would be a future episode where Meg comes out as a lesbian, taking inspiration from earlier episodes where she exhibited signs of lesbian characteristics.[79][80] A few episodes since then have hinted at that possible development, such as "The Griffin Winter Games", "Trump Guy", and "Trans-Fat."
			Stewie Griffin		Stewie has been in relationships with female babies, but is also attracted towards males. In the commentary for Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story, the writers describe how they were going to make Stewie discover he was gay, but decided to scrap this idea in order to retain Stewie's sexual ambiguity for writing purposes.[81][82][83] MacFarlane planned for the series' third season to end with Stewie coming out of the closet after a near-death experience.[lower-alpha 2] The show's abrupt cancellation, before later continuing, caused MacFarlane to abort these plans, and the episode "Queer Is Stewie?" was actually produced, but never shown.[84]
		April 18, 1999	Bruce	Gay	Bruce often talks to his roommate Jeffrey. It is implied that Bruce is gay and that Jeffrey is his domestic partner, as in "Road to the North Pole" where he states in the song "All I Want for Christmas" that he wants a wedding ring from a guy named Jeffrey.[85]
		July 12, 2000	Jasper		Jasper is a dog who is Brian Griffin's gay cousin. Jasper marries his partner Ricardo in "You May Now Kiss the... Uh... Guy Who Receives."[86]
		November 15, 2001	John Herbert		Herbert is an elderly man. He has an ephebophiliac and hebephiliac attraction to young boys,[85] and harbors unrequited love for underage teenager Chris Griffin, though most other citizens of Quahog are oblivious to his sexuality. His voice actor Mike Henry defines Herbert as a pedophile.[87]
		January 6, 2006	Sarah	Lesbian	In one episode, Sarah invites her classmate Meg Griffin to join her afterschool club, as shown in the episode "Brian Sings and Swings." Only after accepting, Meg discovers that it is called Lesbian Alliance Club.[78] Meg pretends to be lesbian for a while to make friends. It is shown that Sarah is attracted to Meg: when Meg visits her to confess that she is actually straight, Sarah mistakes Meg's sentences "I got to get something off my chest" and "I need to open up" as invitations to have sex.[88]
		May 9, 2010	Ida Davis	Trans woman	The "father" of Glenn and Brenda Quagmire and the ex-"husband" of Crystal Quagmire. Ida (formerly Dan) was a war hero in the Vietnam War, and was thought to be a homosexual by Peter. When Glenn asked his "father" if this was true, Ida claimed that she was a woman trapped in a man's body and came to Quahog for a sex reassignment surgery, taking the name Ida Davis afterward as noted in the episode "Quagmire's Dad."[89] From Season 17 onward, she became a recurring character, and some criticized her role in the show, stating that her character was previously the "butt of many transmisogynistic and transphobic "jokes,"" and that the show does not promote inclusivity.[90]
	One Piece	February 14, 2010	Emporio Ivankov Mr. Bon Kurei Izuma Okamas	Genderqueer Gay	All three of these characters are LGBTQ in some way or another. For instance, Ivankov is the self-declared queen of an island populated by okama as shsown in the episode "Paradise in Hell - Impel Down Level 5.5," having powers that allow him to shift between male and female forms, while also changing genders of other individuals. Bon Kurei, on the other hand, has powers that allows him to shapeshift into any form he wishes and crossdresses as a woman, as indicated in episodes like "Ace's Convoy Starts - The Offense and Defense of the Lowest Level, Level 6!"[91] Izuma, like Ivankov, has the power that he can change from a woman to a man, or vice versa, subservient to Ivankov like Bon Kurei.	Japan
		August 25, 2019	Kikunojo "Kiku"	Trans woman	In both the manga and anime, Kiku is revealed to be a trans woman.[92] Before being transported to the future, Kiku dressed in more masculine clothing typical of a samurai. After arriving in the future, Kiku began showing a significantly more feminine side, such as wearing red lipstick and dressing more in feminine clothing.
	SpongeBob SquarePants	May 1, 1999	SpongeBob	Asexual	According to an interview with Stephen Hillenburg in 2002, SpongeBob is neither gay or straight but in fact, asexual.[93] This was once again clarified in 2005, because of the controversy on SpongeBob and Patrick's sexual orientation.[94] Hillenburg also instructed that SpongeBob should never have a romantic relationship, since he is asexual (as all real-life sea sponges are) and too innocent for it.[95]	United States

See also

• List of yuri anime and manga
• List of LGBT-related films by year
• List of animated films with LGBTQ characters

Notes

1. Lena K. lists this kiss and others on the "List of Yuri Anime Kisses" on Yuri Reviews.
2. MacFarlane told Playboy "We had an episode that went all the way to the script phase in which Stewie does come out. It had to do with the harassment he took from other kids at school. He ends up going back in time to prevent a passage in Leviticus from being written: 'Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with womankind. It is an abomination.' But we decided it's better to keep it vague, which makes more sense because he's a one-year-old. Ultimately, Stewie will be gay or a very unhappy repressed heterosexual."

References

Citations

1. Kelley, Shamus (July 25, 2017). "Steven Universe Was Influenced by Revolutionary Girl Utena". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
2. Bridges, Rose (November 25, 2013). ""Revolutionary Girl Utena" Transgresses Gender and Sexuality". Autostraddle. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
3. Pennington, Latonya (January 25, 2018). "7 Reasons 'Revolutionary Girl Utena' Was a Groundbreaking Queer Anime". Pride.com. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
4. Cadorniga, Carlos (June 18, 2019). "7 Great Gay and Lesbian Relationships In Anime". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
5. Crandol, Mike (January 21, 2004). "Dirty Pair Flash DVD 2: Angels at World's End [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
6. Poitras, Gilles (2001). Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know. Stone Bridge Press, Inc. pp. 49–. ISBN 9781880656532. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
7. Martin, Theron (September 6, 2007). "El Hazard - The Magnificent World DVDs 1 and 2 [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
8. University of the Pacific 2004, p. 6.
9. "Mysterious Play (Fushigi Yugi) [Review]". Anime News Network. 2017-07-22. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
10. University of the Pacific 2004, p. 7-8.
11. Gramuglia, Anthony (2020-04-06). "25 Years Ago, Fushigi Yuugi Created One of Anime's Best Worst Villains". CBR. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
12. See, Rahpael (2015). "Gunsmith Cats". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
13. Crandol, Mike (2007). "Gunsmith Cats DVD - Bulletproof! [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 9, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
14. "Gunsmith Cats DVD - Bulletproof! [review]". Anime News Network. 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
15. Norris, Van (2014-08-01). British Television Animation 1997–2010: Drawing Comic Tradition. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 221–. ISBN 9781137330949. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
16. Tilke, Matt. "Take A Trip Back To Channel 4's Crapston Villas". RetroHeads. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
17. Dong, Bamboo (2013-10-30). "19 Best Anime Traps of All Time". The Cinemaholic. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
18. Tei, Andrew (July 5, 2005). "Anime Expo 2002: Friday Report". Mania. Archived from the original on July 27, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2018."The idea was provided by the artist for One Piece. The idea of the cross dresser came from a pun. Then it became a matter of "what type of queer", and he went with "cute" type. Watsuki appreciates all the Kenshin coplayers, and he takes photos of them."
19. Flaherty, Keely. "At Long Last, We Know Arnold's Full Name On "Hey Arnold"". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
20. Ryder, Sherie (2019-05-14). "US cartoon's gay wedding praised". BBC News. Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
21. Nissen, Dano (May 14, 2019). "'Arthur' Character Comes Out as Gay and Gets Married in Season 22 Premiere". Variety. Archived from the original on January 23, 2020.
22. Warner, Sam (2019-05-14). "Classic animated show Arthur reveals one of its main characters is LGBTQ+". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
23. Chris Beveridge (August 7, 2001). "El-Hazard, The Magnificent World Box Set". Mania. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
24. AIC (June 25, 2004). "Characters". Anime International Company (AIC). Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2020. This page says she is 23 years old.
25. Solomon, Charles (October 14, 2003). Anime, mon amour. The Advocate. p. 87.
26. Ross, Carlos (2015). "Maze". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
27. Kunihiko Ikuhara (Director) (16 December 2011). Episode 37: Commentary | Revolutionary Girl Utena: Apocalypse Saga Box Set 3 Limited Edition (DVD). Nozomi Entertainment.
28. Kunihiko Ikuhara (Director) (16 December 2011). Episode 39: Commentary | Revolutionary Girl Utena: Apocalypse Saga Box Set 3 Limited Edition (DVD). Nozomi Entertainment.
29. Silverman, Rebecca (2018-02-22). "Review: Revolutionary Girl Utena Blu-Ray 3 - The Apocalypse Saga". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
30. Revolutionary Girl Utena: Student Council Saga Limited Edition Set (Booklet interview with Chiho Saito). Nozomi Entertainment. 2011.
31. Revolutionary Girl Utena: Student Council Saga Limited Edition Set (Kunihiko Ikuhara's DVD Booklet commentary for episode 17). Nozomi Entertainment. 2011.
32. Ross, Carlos (2003). "Revolutionary Girl Utena [Review]". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
33. Marshall, Dallas (2012). "Revolutionary Girl Utena [Review]". T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
34. Charlton, Sabdha (May 2001). "Utena: Adolescence Mokushiroku (The Adolescence of Utena) [Review]". Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context (5). Retrieved July 13, 2020.
35. Stephen (May 1, 2013). "Stephen reviews: Revolutionary Girl Utena: The Movie (1999)". Silver Emulson Reviews. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
36. Chapman, Jacob (July 22, 2017). "Revolutionary Girl Utena Episodes 15-16 [Review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
37. Chapman, Jacob (August 4, 2017). "Revolutionary Girl Utena Episode 17 [Review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
38. Sean (1999). "Variable Geo [Review]". J-pop.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
39. PlayStation (April 19, 1996). Advanced V.G. (in Japanese) (1 ed.). TGL.
40. "Liane Cartman". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. She is known throughout town as a dirty-slut that has slept with the majority of the country. She has also appeared on the cover of Crack Whore Magazine.
41. Thompson, Dave (2014-08-01). South Park FAQ: All That's Left to Know About The Who, What, Where, When and #%$ of America's Favorite Mountain Town. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. pp. 78–. ISBN 9781495002076. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
42. Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew (2008-09-11). Taking South Park Seriously. SUNY Press. pp. 155–. ISBN 9780791475669. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
43. "Big Gay Al". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Big Gay Al once ran "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Animal Sanctuary" in South Park, teaching us all that being gay is just super! After disappearing in a magical suitcase for a while, he returned as the kids' beloved Boy Scout leader, before being fired for his sexual orientation. After Colorado legalized gay marriage in "Follow That Egg", he tied the knot with his partner, Mr. Slave.
44. "Craig Tucker". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. In Tweek vs. Craig he gets into a fight with fellow classmate, Tweek Tweak who later becomes his boyfriend in Tweek x Craig...The two ultimately got back together and became an official couple when Craig's dad, Thomas, told Craig that he loves him even if he is gay.
45. "Tweek Tweak". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020.
46. Casey, Patrick (November 28, 2002). "Hollywood Squares". Westword. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
47. Owen, Rob (1998-01-31). ""South Park" surge Heigh-di-ho! The hippest show on TV has become a cult phenomenon". The Times Union. Albany, New York. p. D1.
48. Runions, Erin (2014-03-01). The Babylon Complex: Theopolitical Fantasies of War, Sex, and Sovereignty. Fordham University Press. pp. 185–. ISBN 9780823257362. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
49. "Stephen Stotch". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Stephen is friends and drinking buddies with many of the other boys' dads, including Randy, Gerald and Stuart, and his hobbies include building ships in bottles, smoking his pipe, and frequenting such classy establishments as the White Swallow Spa and the Studcat Theater. His feelings for other men, which he often suppresses, have put a strain on his marriage that he and his wife are trying to repair.
50. "Mr. Slave". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on June 11, 2019. Mr. Slave was Herbert Garrison's long-time teaching assistant (or "teacher's ass" for short). He loves sadomasochism and he's not afraid to shove things up his ass -- whether it be the class gerbil Lemmiwinks or Paris Hilton. And he's always around to dispense knowledge of his whorecapades to the children. Mr. Slave broke off his relationship with Garrison after Garrison's "vaginoplasty" sex change operation. And shortly after gay marriage was legalized, he got hitched to Big Gay Al in a glorious white wedding.
51. Jones, Tim (2015). "Battle Athletes Victory". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
52. Jones, Tim (2015). "Battle Athletes". T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
53. Kementari (August 17, 2004). "Stupid Invaders - Dreamcast". Gang Geek Style. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020. When translated from French, this article says: "Candy is an alien with a very large head compared to the rest of her tiny body. He wears a yellow dress with red dots. Adept at housekeeping, Candy is very effeminate. He wishes to undergo an operation to change sex."
54. Johnson, Jo (2010). ""We'll Have a Gay Old Time!": Queer Representation in American Prime-Time Animation from the Cartoon Short to the Family Sitcom.". In Ellidge, Jim (ed.). Queers in American Popular Culture. Praeger. pp. 255–280. ISBN 9780313354571.
55. Stuckmann, Chris (2018). Anime Impact: The Movies and Shows that Changed the World of Japanese Animation. Miami, Florida: Mango Publishing. p. 218. ISBN 978-1633537323.
56. Monique (May 6, 2020). "Queer Coded: Fred Luo Of 'Outlaw Star' Presents Two Harmful Gay Stereotypes". Just Add Color (magazine). Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
57. Friedman, Erica (May 28, 2004). "Yuri Anime: Devilman Lady (English)". Okazu. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
58. Kachuba, John B. (2019). Shapeshifters: A History. Islington, London: Reaktion Books. p. 223. ISBN 978-1789140798. ...the sorcerer Stephan is mortally wounded in battle, forcing him to use magical powers to heal himself. In the course of healing, he makes other changes, transforming himself into the female Stephanie.
59. Crandol, Mike (February 26, 2002). "Orphen DVD 3: Ruins and Relics [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
60. Crandol, Mike (March 29, 2002). "Orphen DVD 4: Mystere [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
61. Divers, Allen (August 21, 2002). "Card Captor Sakura DVD 9: Winter Wonderland [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
62. Divers, Allen (March 3, 2003). "Card Captor Sakura DVD 10: School Daze [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
63. Shepard, Chris (n.d.). "Cardcaptor Sakura DVD 1 - The Clow [Review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
64. Mehta 2018, p. 65-68.
65. Murray, Kirsten (September 22, 2019). "Cardcaptor Sakura's 10 Best Quotes, Ranked". CBR. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
66. Cardcaptor Sakura Memorial Book (in Japanese). Kodansha. February 2001. ISBN 978-4-06-324535-6.
67. Mehta 2018, p. 45-49.
68. Dennis, Cat (September 22, 2019). "15 Ways Cardcaptor Sakura Had To Be Censored In America". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
69. Collins, Hannah (January 17, 2018). "Cardcaptor Sakura Is Back Just When We Need Her Most". The Mary Sue. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
70. Baron, Rueben (June 24, 2018). "20 Crucial Queer Representations In Anime (For Better Or Worse)". CBR. Archived from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
71. Mehta 2018, p. 60-62.
72. Mehta 2018, p. 53-57.
73. Kelley, Shamus (June 2, 2020). "How Cardcaptor Sakura's Queerness Broke Through Censorship". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
74. Bertschy, Zac (January 21, 2004). "Cardcaptor Sakura DVD 18: Revelations [review]". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
75. Mehta 2018, p. 49-53.
76. Mehta 2018, p. 37-40.
77. Drum, Nicole (June 30, 2020). "Mission Hill Animated Series Spinoff in the Works". comicbook.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
78. MacFarlane, Seth (2005). Family Guy season 4 DVD commentary for the episode "Brian Sings and Swings" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
79. Newman, Vicki (2016-11-27). "Family Guy's Meg Griffin to come out as lesbian". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
80. Ennis, Dawn (November 28, 2016). "Is Meg Griffin of 'Family Guy' about to come out as lesbian?". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
81. Idato, Michael (2006-01-24). "Family Guy Presents Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story". The Age. Archived from the original on October 27, 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
82. Gatecrasher. "Seth MacFarlane outs baby Stewie in 'Family Guy': He's gay, MacFarlane says in Playboy interview". NY Daily News. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
83. GLAAD 2009, p. 16.
84. McKinley, Jesse (May 2, 2005). "Canceled and Resurrected, on the Air and Onstage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
85. Henry, Mike (2018). "Characters". Mike Henry's official website. Archived from the original on March 18, 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-14. Bruce is a mustached man who speaks effeminately in a calm, drawn-out voice with a slight lisp. He is one of Mike's recurring characters and has appeared on both Family Guy and The Cleveland Show. Bruce is known for having had many jobs and for giving unsolicited advice at inopportune times. He is presumed to be gay and has partner named, Jeffrey...Herbert is often seen wearing a light blue robe and slippers, walks with a walker and frequently makes inappropriate, sexually tinged comments to teenage boys. Henry is a producer, writer, and voice actor on Family Guy.
86. Watson, Jamie Carlin; Arp, Robert (2011-07-26). What's Good on TV: Understanding Ethics Through Television. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 182–. ISBN 9781444343014. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
87. Mike, Henry (November 2006). "IGN EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: FAMILY GUY'S MIKE HENRY". IGN. Archived from the original on 2012-10-23.
88. Budke, Ryan J. (January 9, 2006). "Family Guy: Brian Sings and Swings". TV Squad. Archived from the original on 2006-01-11. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
89. Isler, Ramsey (May 8, 2012). "Family Guy: "Quagmire's Dad" Review". IGN. Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
90. Rude, Mey (October 7, 2019). "'Family Guy' Is Still Just as Transphobic as Ever". Out. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
91. Clopton, Kay (August 5, 2019). "Failed Expectations: Fujoshi and the Unexpected Presenting of Gender in Princess Jellyfish". CBR. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
92. Peters, Megan (July 10, 2019). "One Piece Introduces Transgender Samurai". Comic Book. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
93. "Camp cartoon star 'is not gay'". BBC News. October 9, 2002. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
94. "SpongeBob is asexual, says creator". The Age. 2005-01-29. Archived from the original on 2020-04-25. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
95. @VincentWaller72 (May 20, 2016). "Probably not. It's definitely on the Steve short list, of NOs" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020 – via Twitter.

Sources

• Michele Gibney (2004). Homosexuality in Fushigi Yuugi and Gravitation: An investigation into the cultural background of homosexuality in Japanese animation (Report). University of the Pacific. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
• Mehta, Ilisha (2018). An Analysis of Gender and Sexual Identities in Cardcaptor Sakura (Bachelors Dissertation). Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
• Where We Are on TV Report: 2009–2010 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2020.