List of amphibians of North America

This is a checklist of American amphibians found north of Mexico, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.[1][2][3] The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[4]
* alien species

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild
CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable
NT – near threatened, LC – least concern
DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[5])

and Endangered Species Act:

E – endangered, T – threatened
XN, XE – experimental nonessential or essential population
E(S/A), T(S/A) – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(the data are current as of March 28, 2014[6])


Order: Urodela
Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum
Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis

Family: Cryptobranchidae
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
(Ozark hellbender C. a. bishopi: E)
Subfamily: Pleurodelinae
Eastern newts
Black-spotted newt Notophthalmus meridionalis EN
Striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus NT
Eastern newt Notophthalmus viridescens LC
Pacific newts
Rough-skinned newt Taricha granulosa LC
Red-bellied newt Taricha rivularis LC
Sierra newt Taricha sierrae LC
California newt Taricha torosa LC
Subfamily: Plethodontinae
Web-toed salamanders
Limestone salamander Hydromantes brunus VU
Mount Lyell salamander Hydromantes platycephalus LC
Samwel Shasta salamander Hydromantes samweli[7][8][n 1]
Shasta salamander Hydromantes shastae VU
Wintu Shasta salamander Hydromantes wintu[7][8][n 1]
Climbing salamanders
Green salamander Aneides aeneus NT
Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander Aneides caryaensis[7][8][n 1]
Clouded salamander Aneides ferreus NT
Species split from the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) NT:
Speckled black salamander Aneides flavipunctatus
Santa Cruz black salamander Aneides (flavipunctatus) niger[7][n 2][n 3]
Shasta salamander Aneides iecanus[7][n 2][n 3]
Sacramento Mountains salamander Aneides hardii LC
Klamath black salamander Aneides klamathensis[7][8][n 1]
Arboreal salamander Aneides lugubris LC
Wandering salamander Aneides vagrans NT
Dusky salamanders
Cumberland dusky salamander Desmognathus abditus NT
Seepage salamander Desmognathus aeneus NT
Apalachicola dusky salamander Desmognathus apalachicolae LC
Holbrook’s southern dusky salamander Desmognathus auriculatus LC and:
Valentine’s Southern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus valentinei (formerly in D. auriculatus)
Ouachita dusky salamander Desmognathus brimleyorum LC
Carolina Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus carolinensis LC
Species split from the northern dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) LC:
Northern dusky salamander Desmognathus fuscus
Spotted dusky salamander Desmognathus conanti
Flat-headed salamander Desmognathus planiceps
Dwarf black-bellied salamander Desmognathus folkertsi DD
Imitator salamander Desmognathus imitator LC
Species split from the shovel-nosed salamander (Desmognathus marmoratus) LC:
Shovel-nosed salamander Desmognathus marmoratus
Golden shovel-nosed salamander Desmognathus aureatus[7][n 4][n 3]
Black shovel-nosed salamander Desmognathus melanius[7][n 4][n 3]
Seal salamander Desmognathus monticola LC
Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC
Ocoee salamander Desmognathus ocoee LC
Blue Ridge dusky salamander Desmognathus orestes LC
Northern pygmy salamander Desmognathus organi
Black-bellied salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus LC
Santeetlah dusky salamander Desmognathus santeetlah LC
Black mountain salamander Desmognathus welteri LC
Pygmy salamander Desmognathus wrighti LC
Ensatina
Ensatina Ensatina eschscholtzii LC
Red Hills salamander
Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti EN T
Woodland salamanders
Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander †Plethodon ainsworthi EX
Western slimy salamander Plethodon albagula LC
Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon amplus VU
Ozark zigzag salamander Plethodon angusticlavius LC
Scott Bar salamander Plethodon asupak VU
Tellico salamander Plethodon aureolus DD
Caddo Mountain salamander Plethodon caddoensis NT
Chattahoochee slimy salamander Plethodon chattahoochee
Cheoah Bald salamander Plethodon cheoah VU
Atlantic Coast slimy salamander Plethodon chlorobryonis
Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus LC
White-spotted slimy salamander Plethodon cylindraceus LC
Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis LC
Dunn’s salamander Plethodon dunni LC
Northern ravine salamander Plethodon electromorphus LC
Del Norte salamander Plethodon elongatus NT
Fourche Mountain salamander Plethodon fourchensis VU
Northern slimy salamander Plethodon glutinosus LC
Southeastern slimy salamander Plethodon grobmani
Valley and ridge salamander Plethodon hoffmani LC
Peaks of Otter salamander Plethodon hubrichti VU
Coeur d’Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis LC
Red-cheeked salamander Plethodon jordani NT
Cumberland Plateau salamander Plethodon kentucki LC
Kiamichi slimy salamander Plethodon kiamichi DD
Louisiana slimy salamander Plethodon kisatchie LC
Larch Mountain salamander Plethodon larselli NT
South Mountain graycheeked salamander Plethodon meridianus VU
Southern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon metcalfi LC
Mississippi slimy salamander Plethodon mississippi
Northern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon montanus LC
Jemez Mountains salamander Plethodon neomexicanus NT E
Cheat Mountain salamander Plethodon nettingi NT T
Ocmulgee slimy salamander Plethodon ocmulgee
Rich Mountain salamander Plethodon ouachitae NT
Pigeon Mountain salamander Plethodon petraeus VU
White-spotted salamander Plethodon punctatus NT
Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander Plethodon richmondi LC
Savannah slimy salamander Plethodon savannah
Sequoyah slimy salamander Plethodon sequoyah DD
Southern red-backed salamander Plethodon serratus LC
Shenandoah salamander Plethodon shenandoah VU E
Big Levels salamander Plethodon sherando VU
Red-legged salamander Plethodon shermani VU
Siskiyou Mountains salamander Plethodon stormi EN
Southern Appalachian salamander Plethodon teyahalee LC
Van Dyke’s salamander Plethodon vandykei LC
South Carolina slimy salamander Plethodon variolatus
Western redback salamander Plethodon vehiculum LC
Southern zigzag salamander Plethodon ventralis LC
Shenandoah Mountain salamander Plethodon virginia NT
Webster’s salamander Plethodon websteri LC
Species split from the Wehrle’s salamander (Plethodon wehrlei) LC:
Wehrle’s salamander Plethodon wehrlei
Dixie Caverns salamander Plethodon dixi[7][8][n 4][n 3]
Blacksburg salamander Plethodon jacksoni[7][8][n 4][n 3]
Yellow-spotted woodland salamander Plethodon pauleyi[7][8][n 4][n 3]
Weller’s salamander Plethodon welleri EN
Yonahlossee salamander Plethodon yonahlossee LC
Patch-nosed salamander Urspelerpes brucei
Subfamily: Spelerpinae
Brook salamanders
Brown-backed salamander Eurycea aquatica
Northern two-lined salamander Eurycea bislineata LC
Chamberlain’s dwarf salamander Eurycea chamberlaini DD
Salado Springs salamander Eurycea chisholmensis VU T
Southern two-lined salamander Eurycea cirrigera LC
Three-lined salamander Eurycea guttolineata LC
Junaluska salamander Eurycea junaluska VU
Cascade Caverns salamander Eurycea latitans VU
Long-tailed salamander Eurycea longicauda LC
Cave salamander Eurycea lucifuga LC
Many-ribbed salamander Eurycea multiplicata LC
Ouachita streambed salamander Eurycea subfluvicola[3]
San Marcos salamander Eurycea nana VU T
Georgetown salamander Eurycea naufragia EN T
Texas salamander Eurycea neotenes VU
Blanco River springs salamander Eurycea pterophila DD
Southeastern dwarf salamander Eurycea quadridigitata LC
Hillis’s Dwarf Salamander Eurycea hillisi[3]
Western Dwarf Salamander Eurycea paludicola[3]
Bog Dwarf Salamander Eurycea sphagnicola[3]
Barton Springs salamander Eurycea sosorum VU E
Jollyville Plateau salamander Eurycea tonkawae EN T
Comal blind salamander Eurycea tridentifera VU
Valdina Farms salamander Eurycea troglodytes DD
Oklahoma salamander Eurycea tynerensis NT
Austin blind salamander Eurycea waterlooensis VU E
Blue Ridge two-lined salamander Eurycea wilderae LC
Texas blind salamander Eurycea rathbuni VU E
Blanco blind salamander Eurycea robusta DD
Species split from the grotto salamander Eurycea spelaea LC:
Grotto salamander Eurycea spelaea
Eurycea braggi[7][n 3]
Spring Blind Salamander Eurycea nerea[7][n 3]
Georgia blind salamander Eurycea wallacei VU
Spring salamanders
Berry Cave salamander Gyrinophilus gulolineatus EN
Tennessee cave salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus VU
Spring salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus LC
West Virginia spring salamander Gyrinophilus subterraneus EN
Red and mud salamanders
Mud salamander Pseudotriton montanus LC and:
Midland mud salamander Pseudotriton (montanus) diastictus[7][8][n 3] (split from the mud salamander P. montanus)
Red salamander Pseudotriton ruber LC
Many-lined salamander
Many-lined salamander Stereochilus marginatus LC
Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae
Slender salamanders
Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps altasierrae
California slender salamander Batrachoseps attenuatus LC
Fairview slender salamander Batrachoseps bramei
Inyo Mountains salamander Batrachoseps campi EN
Hell Hollow slender salamander Batrachoseps diabolicus DD
San Gabriel slender salamander Batrachoseps gabrieli DD
Gabilan Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps gavilanensis LC
Gregarious slender salamander Batrachoseps gregarius LC
San Simeon slender salamander Batrachoseps incognitus DD
Sequoia slender salamander Batrachoseps kawia DD
Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps luciae LC
Southern California slender salamander Batrachoseps major LC (desert slender salamander B. m. aridus: E)
Lesser slender salamander Batrachoseps minor DD
Black-bellied slender salamander Batrachoseps nigriventris LC
Channel Islands slender salamander Batrachoseps pacificus LC
Kings River slender salamander Batrachoseps regius VU
Relictual slender salamander Batrachoseps relictus DD
Kern Plateau salamander Batrachoseps robustus NT
Kern Canyon slender salamander Batrachoseps simatus VU
Tehachapi slender salamander Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU
Oregon slender salamander Batrachoseps wrighti VU
Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae
Fourtoed salamander Hemidactylium scutatum LC

Family: Proteidae
Dwarf waterdog Necturus punctatus LC
Alabama waterdog Necturus alabamensis EN and:
Mobile waterdog Necturus lodingi [n 3] (sometimes recognized,[3] split from N. alabamensis)
Gulf Coast waterdog Necturus beyeri LC
Neuse River waterdog Necturus lewisi NT
Common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus LC and:
Red River mudpuppy Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis [7][n 4] (split from the N. maculosus)
Apalachicola waterdog Necturus moleri[7][8][n 1]
Escambia waterdog Necturus mounti[7][8][n 1]

Family: Ambystomatidae
Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means
Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus
Ringed salamander Ambystoma annulatum LC
Streamside salamander Ambystoma barbouri NT
Frosted flatwoods salamander Ambystoma cingulatum VU T and:
Reticulated flatwoods salamander Ambystoma bishopi VU E (formerly in A. cingulatum)
California tiger salamander Ambystoma californiense VU (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties E, central California T)
Northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile LC
Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum LC
Blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale LC
Mabee’s salamander Ambystoma mabeei LC
Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum LC (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander A. m. croceum: E)
Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum LC
Western tiger salamander Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander A. m. stebbinsi: E)
Marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum LC
Mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum LC
Small-mouthed salamander Ambystoma texanum LC
Eastern tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum LC

Family: Amphiumidae
Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means LC
One-toed amphiuma Amphiuma pholeter NT
Three-toed amphiuma Amphiuma tridactylum LC

Family: Dicamptodontidae
Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus LC
Cope’s giant salamander Dicamptodon copei LC
California giant salamander Dicamptodon ensatus NT
Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus LC

Family: Rhyacotritonidae
Lesser siren Siren intermedia
Cascade torrent salamander Rhyacotriton cascadae NT
Columbia torrent salamander Rhyacotriton kezeri NT
Olympic torrent salamander Rhyacotriton olympicus VU
Southern torrent salamander Rhyacotriton variegatus LC

Family: Sirenidae
Dwarf sirens
Southern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus axanthus LC
Northern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus striatus LC
Sirens
Lesser siren Siren intermedia LC
Greater siren Siren lacertina LC
Reticulated siren Siren reticulata[7][8][n 1]

Order: Anura
American bullfrog
Lithobates catesbeiana
Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei
American toad
Anaxyrus americanus
- detail of parotoid glands
Western spadefoot toad
Spea hammondii
Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor

Family: Ascaphidae
Rocky Mountain tailed frog Ascaphus montanus LC
Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei LC

Family: Pipidae
African clawed frog Xenopus laevis * LC

Family: Rhinophrynidae
Burrowing toad Rhinophrynus dorsalis LC

Family: Scaphiopodidae
North American spadefoot toads
Couch’s spadefoot Scaphiopus couchii LC
Eastern spadefoot Scaphiopus holbrookii LC
Hurter’s spadefoot Scaphiopus hurterii LC
Western spadefoot toads
Plains spadefoot Spea bombifrons LC
Western spadefoot Spea hammondii NT
Great Basin spadefoot Spea intermontana LC
Mexican spadefoot Spea multiplicata LC

Family: Bufonidae
American toad Anaxyrus americanus LC
Wyoming toad Anaxyrus baxteri EW
Western toad Anaxyrus boreas NT and:
Amargosa toad Anaxyrus nelsoni EN (formerly in A. boreas)
Arroyo toad Anaxyrus californicus EN E
Yosemite toad Anaxyrus canorus EN
Great Plains toad Anaxyrus cognatus LC
Chihuahuan green toad Anaxyrus debilis LC
Black toad Anaxyrus exsul VU
Fowler’s toad Anaxyrus fowleri LC
Canadian toad Anaxyrus hemiophrys LC E
Houston toad Anaxyrus houstonensis EN E
Arizona toad Anaxyrus microscaphus LC
Hot Creek toad Anaxyrus monfontanus[7][8][n 1]
Railroad Valley toad Anaxyrus nevadensis[7][8][n 1]
Red-spotted toad Anaxyrus punctatus LC
Oak toad Anaxyrus quercicus LC
Sonoran green toad Anaxyrus retiformis LC
Texas toad Anaxyrus speciosus LC
Southern toad Anaxyrus terrestris LC
Woodhouse’s toad Anaxyrus woodhousii LC
Dixie Valley toad Anaxyrus williamsi[7][n 3]
Colorado River toad Incilius alvarius LC
Coastal plains toad Incilius nebulifer LC (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
South American cane toad Rhinella marina LC
Mesoamerican Cane toad Rhinella horribilis[3] (formerly in R. marina)
Subfamily: Hylinae
Tree frogs
Pine Barrens tree frog Hyla andersonii (Dryophytes andersonii[9]) NT
Canyon tree frog Hyla arenicolor (Dryophytes arenicolor[9]) LC
Bird-voiced tree frog Hyla avivoca (Dryophytes avivoca[9]) LC
Cope’s gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis (Dryophytes chrysoscelis[9]) LC
American green tree frog Hyla cinerea (Dryophytes cinereus[9]) LC
Pine woods treefrog Hyla femoralis (Dryophytes femoralis[9]) LC
Barking tree frog Hyla gratiosa (Dryophytes gratiosus[9]) LC
Squirrel tree frog Hyla squirella (Dryophytes squirellus[9]) LC
Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor (Dryophytes versicolor[9]) LC
Arizona tree frog Hyla wrightorum (Dryophytes wrightorum[9]) LC (formerly in Hyla eximia)
Chorus frogs
Mountain chorus frog Pseudacris brachyphona LC
Brimley’s chorus frog Pseudacris brimleyi LC
California tree frog Pseudacris cadaverina LC (formerly Hyla cadaverina)
Spotted chorus frog Pseudacris clarkii LC
Spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer LC
Species split from the western chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata):
Western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata LC
Upland chorus frog Pseudacris feriarum LC and:
Cajun chorus frog Pseudacris fouquettei LC (formerly in P. feriarum)
New Jersey chorus frog Pseudacris kalmi LC
Species split from the Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla LC:
Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla
Baja California tree frog Pseudacris hypochondriaca
Sierran tree frog Pseudacris sierra
Illinois chorus frog Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
Boreal chorus frog Pseudacris maculata LC
Southern chorus frog Pseudacris nigrita LC
Little grass frog Pseudacris ocularis LC
Ornate chorus frog Pseudacris ornata LC
Strecker’s chorus frog Pseudacris streckeri LC
Cricket frogs
Cricket frog Acris crepitans LC and:
Blanchard’s cricket frog Acris (crepitans) blanchardi[n 5] (split from A. crepitans)
Southern cricket frog Acris gryllus LC
Other tree frogs
Cuban tree frog Osteopilus septentrionalis * LC
Mexican tree frog Smilisca baudinii LC
Lowland burrowing tree frog Smilisca fodiens LC

Family: Pelodryadidae
(Australian treefrogs)
Australian Green Tree Frog Ranoidea caerulea * LC[7][n 1]

Family: Ranidae
Typical frogs
Northern red-legged frog Rana aurora LC and:
California red-legged frog Rana draytonii VU T (formerly in R. aurora)
Foothill yellow-legged frog Rana boylii NT
Cascades frog Rana cascadae NT
Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris LC
Southern mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa EN E and:
Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog Rana sierrae EN (formerly in Rana muscosa)
Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa VU
Water frogs
American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus LC
Gopher frog Lithobates capito NT
Crawfish frog Lithobates areolatus NT
Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog Lithobates sevosus CR E
Rio Grande leopard frog Lithobates berlandieri LC
Plains leopard frog Lithobates blairi LC
Chiricahua leopard frog Lithobates chiricahuensis VU T and:
Ramsey Canyon leopard frog Lithobates subaquavocalis CR,[10][n 3] (split from L. chiricahuensis)
Green frog Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans LC
Vegas Valley leopard frog †Lithobates fisheri EX
Pig frog Lithobates grylio LC
River frog Lithobates heckscheri LC
Florida bog frog Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae VU
Relict leopard frog Lithobates onca or Rana onca EN
Pickerel frog Lithobates palustris LC
Northern leopard frog Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens LC and:
Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog Lithobates kauffeldi[3] (split from the L. pipiens)
Mink frog Lithobates septentrionalis LC
Southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus LC
Wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus LC
Tarahumara frog Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae VU
Carpenter frog Lithobates virgatipes LC
Lowland leopard frog Lithobates yavapaiensis LC
Japanese wrinkled frog Glandirana rugosa * LC (Hawaii only)

Family: Craugastoridae
Barking frog Craugastor augusti LC
Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae
Coquí Eleutherodactylus coqui * LC (Puerto Rico only)
Rio Grande chirping frog Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides LC, only:
Rio Grande chirping frog Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi[7][8][n 3]
Spotted chirping frog Eleutherodactylus guttilatus LC
Cliff chirping frog Eleutherodactylus marnockii LC
Greenhouse frog Eleutherodactylus planirostris * LC
Subfamily: Leptodactylinae
Mexican white-lipped frog Leptodactylus fragilis LC
Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
Sheep frog Hypopachus variolosus LC
Subfamily: Microhylinae
North American narrow-mouthed frogs
Eastern narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne carolinensis LC
Western narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne olivacea LC and:
Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne mazatlanensis[3] (split from G. olivacea)
Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
Green-and-black poison dart frog Dendrobates auratus * LC (Hawaii only)

See also

Notes
  1. Species not listed by SSAR[3]
  2. Subspecies[3] elevated to full species rank
  3. Species not recognized by SSAR[3]
  4. Subspecies elevated to full species rank[7]
  5. Subspecies elevated to full species rank[3]

References
  1. Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names. Brian I. Crother (Committee Chair) (August 2012). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4. Retrieved December 13, 2014.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names. Brian I. Crother (Committee Chair) (September 2008). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 37 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–84. ISBN 0-916984-74-5. Retrieved December 13, 2014.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names. Brian I. Crother (Committee Chair) (September 2017). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Eighth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 43 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–102. ISBN 9781946681003. Retrieved October 11, 2017.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. "Search Results: Amhibia North America 2014-12-13". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 <www.iucnredlist.org>. IUCN. 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014. Search terms Search by taxonomy: AMPHIBIA, Search by location: Canada, United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 12 December 2014
  5. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  6. "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
  7. Frost, Darrel (2020). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  8. "AmphibiaWeb". University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  9. Duellman, W.E.; Marion, A.B.; Hedges, S.B. (2016). "Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4104: 1–109. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1. PMID 27394762. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  10. Geoffrey Hammerson; Michael Sredl (2004). "Lithobates subaquavocalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T19180A8848570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T19180A8848570.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018.

Further reading
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