Legislature XII of Italy

The Legislature XII of Italy (Italian: XII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996.[1][2] Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994.[3] This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.

Legislature XII of Italy

XII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
12th legislature
Type
Type
HousesChamber of Deputies
Senate of the Republic
History
Founded15 April 1994 (1994-04-15)
Disbanded8 May 1996 (1996-05-08) (2 years, 23 days)
Preceded byXI Legislature
Succeeded byXIII Legislature
Leadership
Carlo Scognamiglio, FI
since 17 April 1994
Irene Pivetti, LN
since 16 April 1994
Structure
Seats630 (C)
315 (S)
Chamber of Deputies political groups
  •   PDS (164)
  •   FI (110)
  •   AN (105)
  •   LN (71)
  •   CCD (42)
  •   FLD (28)
  •   PPI (27)
  •   PRC (24)
  •   Dem (21)
  •   Mixed (36)
Senate political groups
Elections
Mattarellum
Mattarellum
Last general election
27 March 1994
Meeting place
Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
storia.camera.it/legislature/leg-repubblica-XII
www.senato.it/leg12/home
Constitution
Constitution of Italy

This legislature marks the beginning of the so-called "Second Republic" (Italian: Seconda Repubblica), characterised by the progressive decline and dismantlement of the traditional parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, and the Italian Social Movement. It also marks the official entrance of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics.

This was the first legislature to apply the new majoritarian electoral system (also known as Mattarellum), which replaced the proportional system in effect since 1946.

Government
  • Berlusconi I Cabinet (10 May 1994 – 17 January 1995)
    • President of the Council of Ministers: Silvio Berlusconi (FI)
    • Composition of the government : FI, AN, LN, CCD, UdC
  • Dini Cabinet (17 January 1995 – 17 May 1996)
    • President of the Council of Ministers: Lamberto Dini (Independent)
    • Composition of the government : Independents

Composition

Chamber of Deputies
Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Initial composition[4] Final composition[4]
Parliamentary group Seats Parliamentary group Seats Change
Progressives – Federative 143 Progressives – Federative 164 21
Lega Nord 118 Lega Nord 71 47
Forza Italia 112 Forza Italia 110 2
National Alliance – MSI 109 National Alliance 105 4
Communist Refoundation – Progressives 39 Communist Refoundation – Progressives 24 15
Italian People's Party 33 Italian People's Party 27 6
Christian Democratic Centre 27 Christian Democratic Centre 42 15
Federalists and Liberal Democrats 28 28
The Democrats 21 21
Mixed 49 Mixed 36 13
Linguistic Minorities 4 Linguistic Minorities 4
Democratic Alliance 17 17
Italian Socialist Party 14 14
Segni Pact 9 9
Unitarian Communists 14 14
Non inscrits 5[5] Non inscrits 18 13
Total seats 630 Total seats 628 2

    Senate of the Republic
    Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
    Initial composition[6] Final composition[6]
    Parliamentary group Seats Parliamentary group Seats Change
    Progressives – Federative 76 Progressives – Federative 74 2
    Lega Nord 60 Lega Nord 40 20
    National Alliance – Italian Social Movement 48 National Alliance 47 1
    Forza Italia 36 Forza Italia 36
    Italian People's Party 34 Italian People's Party 22 12
    Communist Refoundation – Progressives 18 Communist Refoundation – Progressives 14 4
    Progressives – Greens – The Network 13 Progressives – Greens – The Network 7 6
    Christian Democratic Centre 12 Christian Democratic Centre 15 3
    Progressive – PSI 10 Labour – Socialist – Progressive 10
    Crossed Shield 13 13
    Democratic Left 10 10
    Federalist Italian League 10 10
    Mixed 19 Mixed 27 8
    South Tyrolean People's Party 3 South Tyrolean People's Party 3
    Non inscrits 16[7] Non inscrits 24 8
    Total seats 326 Total seats 325 1

      Notes

      References
      1. "Senato della Repubblica – 12ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      2. "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      3. "Accadde oggi | 16 gennaio: Scalfaro scioglie le Camere" (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      4. "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.. The official source could have an imprecision about MP Giuseppe Lazzarini, which is included in the League (which did not run in Latium) where Lazzarini, which was a member of Forza Italia, was elected.
      5. The member of the Lega d'Azione Meridionale and four former members of the Segni Pact that immediately joined Berlusconi.
      6. "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella XII Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      7. Seven Senators for life, six members of the Democratic Alliance, the members of the Lega Alpina Lumbarda and Union Valdotaine, and Independent Claudio Magris.
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